hypoxemia hypercarbia/hypercaphia Immune

low 02 In blood partial p of CO2 In blood

chemoreceptors emz
Regulation
I saliva
sensitive to Coz [] respiratory rate Ist defense : nasal cavity
exhaled
↑
Co ,
Lattacks
↓ CO2 In blood small hairs (vibrissae) peptidoglycan walls
ventilation of gram-positive bacteria

s
Cilia
regulated via neurons fire rhythmically mast cells
preformed antibodies
tocreateregulaare alveal,

verse
In

Ventilation center allergic rxns

muscles
collection of neurons respiratory
medulla Oblongata Primary Function
in

Function

Driving force
pressure differential of gases .....
Gas Exchange
Thermoregulation Henry's Law
simple diffusion
regulation of body temp ·
next
the greater the pressure above
across [] gradients

&
the more gas is dissolved
[] of a dissolved

transfer of thermal energy

deoxygenated blood
gas

capillariesa
via Henry's Law constanta
4 we
regulated parttal pressure of the gas Dis brought

midetraches in tothelungsaeries
V
............
Emi

Emmie
body surfaces
........

panting (dogs)

·
by vasodilation

Seated
avasoconstriction Sweatglands
blo
leaves the lungs
via pulmonary veins

PH control
bicarbonate buffer system
Respiratory System Structure
PH balance via

i
+
CO2 19) + H20(1) HcCOz(aq) H (ag) + HCO
= (aq)
B body 7 35 - 7 45
. .

Breathing
- respiratoryrate
in thoracic cavity = intrathoracic
alkalemia expands volume

intercostal
blood is too basic Inhalation *

active process
use
diaphragm &
acdemj respiratorraise
external
muscles
diaphragm
causes a shift in the cavity from abdominal ,
Somatic control

↑ CO2
epheleseast
a
bicarbonate buffer system gas in lungs & atmospheric pressure
higher than Intrapleural space bronchioles

negative-pressure breathing
IS low pressure
high volume

on
lungs atm/p-lungs expand intoI s lung ↓

Lung Capacitiesa Volumes IRV :

air goes to outside (4p environment(

volume of additional
& space w/in
the Sa,
thin
L space
layer of adjacent
Exhalation Fluid , find visceral
liters arthatcanbeforya y

occurs when external intercostal pressure differentials created

lubricates pleura
Pleural

netaradditional
Inhalation across the pleura drive breathing
muscles relax surfaces

· emphysema
·
chest cavity volume ↓ =
↑ ISP disease , destruction lungs

Erecoll
of alveolar walls

Internal Intercostal muscles

Speed
.....

be
& abdominal muscles
2 air that can
forcibly exhaled after up
residuae normal exhalation exhalation
RV : volume of left
oppose external intercostals
O
↓ pull down rib
Lung volumes Inlungsar
is cage
TLC : max volume of air

inlungsduringa
liters

TV : volume of air
Inhaled/exhaled
AMS