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Bronchitis Overview

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, classified into acute and chronic forms based on duration and cause. Acute bronchitis is usually viral and self-limiting, while chronic bronchitis is often due to smoking and characterized by a persistent cough. Diagnosis involves clinical history and various investigations, with treatment focusing on supportive care for acute cases and management strategies for chronic bronchitis.

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16 views2 pages

Bronchitis Overview

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, classified into acute and chronic forms based on duration and cause. Acute bronchitis is usually viral and self-limiting, while chronic bronchitis is often due to smoking and characterized by a persistent cough. Diagnosis involves clinical history and various investigations, with treatment focusing on supportive care for acute cases and management strategies for chronic bronchitis.

Uploaded by

z4htqmkgpd
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bronchitis - Complete Overview

Definition

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial mucosa characterized by cough with or without sputum production. It can

be acute or chronic.

Classification

A. Based on Duration:

- Acute Bronchitis: Sudden onset, self-limiting (2-3 weeks).

- Chronic Bronchitis: Cough with sputum >=3 months/year for >=2 years.

B. Based on Cause:

- Infectious: Viral (common), Bacterial

- Non-infectious: Smoking, pollution, occupational exposure

C. Based on Pathology:

- Simple, Mucopurulent, Obstructive, Asthmatic bronchitis

Etiology

Acute Bronchitis:

- Viral (90%): Influenza, RSV, Adenovirus, etc.

- Bacterial: Mycoplasma, Bordetella, Streptococcus

Chronic Bronchitis:

- Smoking (most common), pollution, infections, occupational exposure

Clinical Features

Acute Bronchitis:

- Sudden cough, mild fever, chest discomfort, wheezing

Chronic Bronchitis:

- Persistent productive cough, dyspnea, wheezing, cyanosis in advanced cases


Bronchitis - Complete Overview

Diagnosis

- Based on clinical history and examination

- Rule out pneumonia, asthma, TB, etc.

Investigations (IVG)

- Chest X-ray: Rule out pneumonia

- CBC: Leukocytosis in bacterial cases

- Sputum exam: Gram stain, culture, AFB

- PFT: In chronic cases

- Pulse oximetry/ABG: If severe

- ECG/Echo: If cor pulmonale suspected

Treatment

Acute Bronchitis:

- Supportive care: Rest, hydration, antipyretics

- Bronchodilators for wheezing

- Antibiotics: Only if bacterial

Chronic Bronchitis:

- Smoking cessation

- Inhaled bronchodilators & corticosteroids

- Antibiotics for exacerbations

- Vaccinations (flu, pneumococcal)

- Oxygen therapy in severe cases

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