Designation: A319 − 71 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Gray Iron Castings for Elevated Temperatures for Non-
Pressure Containing Parts1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A319; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Physical Requirements
1.1 This specification covers three classes of gray iron 4.1 Some of the gray cast irons described in this specifica-
suitable for castings exposed to temperatures encountered in tion are deliberately made of a soft, low-strength iron for
such service as grate bars, stoker links, stoker parts, oil still resistance to thermal shock, and strength requirements are
furnace parts, firebox parts, ingot molds, glass molds, caustic unnecessary. For applications in which a strength requirement
pots, and metal melting pots. is essential, room temperature tensile strengths may be speci-
NOTE 1—This specification is general, covering cast irons normally fied up to those prescribed for Class 40 in Specification
used for the above types of service, at temperatures as high as 1400°F A48/A48M.
(760°C). It is not intended to imply that all three classes are suitable
throughout this entire temperature range without regard to actual service 5. Machinability
stresses. Some are suitable for long service at the lower temperatures only,
unless low stresses are involved. 5.1 All machinable castings shall be limited in hardness at
1.2 The three classes of gray iron covered by this specifi- such locations on the castings as designated by the purchaser.
cation are as follows: The maximum hardness at the locations on castings that are to
1.2.1 Class I, possessing superior resistance to thermal be machined shall be a matter of agreement between the
shock, manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.2.2 Class II, possessing average resistance to thermal
shock and a moderately good tensile strength (tensile strengths 6. Chemical Composition
above 30 000 psi (207 MPa) may be expected), and 6.1 It is the intention of this specification to classify these
1.2.3 Class III, possessing a higher tensile strength than irons in accordance with their carbon content equivalent
either Classes I or II (tensile strengths as high as 40 000 psi calculated as follows:
(276 MPa) may be expected).
Carbon content equivalent 5 C10.3 ~ Si1P ! (1)
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical where:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only C = carbon content, %,
and are not considered standard. Si = silicon content, %, and
P = phosphorus content, %,
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 The carbon content equivalent and the minimum carbon
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 content for the various classes shall be as prescribed in Table 1.
A48/A48M Specification for Gray Iron Castings Table 2 prescribes the allowable silicon ranges predicated on
3. Manufacture the basis of various permissible carbon contents. It is recom-
mended that embrittling impurities be held to the following
3.1 The melting procedure shall be optional with the
maximum limits:
foundry.
Phosphorus, max, % 0.60
Sulfur, max, % 0.15
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Grey and White 6.3 The three basic classes may be alloyed with chromium.
Iron Castings. When chromium is present as an alloying element, each class
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2011. Originally shall be subdivided into types designated as follows:
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A319 – 71 (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/A0319-71R15. Type Chromium, %
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or A 0.20–0.40
contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM B 0.41–0.65
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on C 0.66–0.95
the ASTM website. D 0.96–1.20
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
A319 − 71 (2015)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
Class Carbon Content Equivalent Carbon, min, %
8.1 The castings shall conform substantially to the dimen-
I 3.81–4.40 3.50
II 3.51–4.10 3.20
sions on drawings furnished by the purchaser or to the
III 3.20–3.80 2.80 dimensions predicated by the pattern supplied by the purchaser,
if no drawing has been provided. The castings shall be free
from injurious defects. Surfaces of the castings shall be free
TABLE 2 Variations in Carbon and Silicon Contents from burnt-on sand and shall be reasonably smooth. Runners,
Class Carbon, % Silicon, % risers, fins, and other cast-on pieces shall be removed. In other
I 3.50 0.90–2.70 respects the castings shall conform to whatever points may be
3.70 0.90–2.10 specially agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
3.90 0.90–1.50
purchaser.
II 3.20 0.90–2.70
3.40 0.90–2.10 9. Inspection
3.50 1.80 max
9.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have free
III 2.80 1.20–2.70 entry, at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser
3.00 0.60–2.40 is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works
3.20 0.60–1.80
that concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The
manufacturer shall afford the inspector, without charge, all
reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being
6.4 All irons may be alloyed to increase the strength and to furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests and
improve and stabilize the structure for elevated-temperature inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to
service. The alloying elements, which, in addition to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted
chromium, are commonly added to improve these properties, as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the
are copper, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium. Any combi- works.
nation of these alloying elements that assists in resisting
10. Rejection
oxidation or surface deterioration or in stabilizing the structure
or retaining strength at elevated temperatures, may be used. 10.1 Failure to meet the requirements of Section 7 or of
physical tests, when required, shall be sufficient cause for
NOTE 2—The provisions of this specification permit the purchaser to
rejection as defective castings.
select a grade of cast iron suitable for his service and to define the product
as, for example:
11. Certification
Castings Class II, Type B, plus |Cz|Cz alloys. All surfaces marked “f”
(for finish) with HBN 250, max. 11.1 Upon request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
furnish a statement that the inspection and all of the tests have
7. Product Analysis been made as specified; this statement shall contain the results
7.1 When alloying elements are agreed upon between the of all specified tests.
manufacturer and the purchaser, the purchaser may make check
analyses from any casting, test bar, or lot of castings delivered 12. Keywords
under this specification. Results of such analyses shall be in 12.1 chemical composition; elevated temperature; gray
accordance with the limits agreed upon. iron; iron castings; non-pressure containing; tensile strength
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