Computer Components and Functions
Question 1a: Describe the Functions of the Following Components
- CPU (Central Processing Unit): Known as the brain of a computer, the CPU executes the
instructions received from programs running on the system. It handles a variety of tasks,
such as arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations.
- RAM (Random Access Memory): A temporary storage site for active data that the CPU uses
or processes. It is much faster than a hard drive and allows for quick access and
manipulation of data.
- Chipset: Facilitates communication between the CPU and other components such as
memory and peripheral devices. The type of chipset affects system performance and
hardware compatibility.
- BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): Responsible for booting up the computer and
initializing hardware components before loading the operating system.
- Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts AC power from the outlet into DC power, which is
necessary to power the components inside the computer.
Question 1b: List and Describe Five Internal Components
- GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): Specializes in rendering images, video, and 3D graphics,
particularly useful in gaming and graphic design.
- Heatsink: A passive component that dissipates heat generated by the CPU, preventing
overheating.
- SSD (Solid-State Drive): A storage device that uses flash memory for faster data access and
retrieval compared to traditional hard drives.
- NIC (Network Interface Card): Enables the computer to connect to a network, allowing
communication with other devices and access to the internet.
- CMOS Battery: Provides power to the BIOS firmware, preserving system configuration
settings, such as the date and time, during system shutdowns.
Question 2: Explain the Function of the Following Connectors
- USB Connector: A standard connector that connects peripherals such as a keyboard,
mouse, and external hard drives, supporting both data transfer and device charging.
- HDMI Connector: Transmits high-definition video and audio from the computer to display
devices like monitors or TVs.
- VGA Connector: Transmits analog video signals from the computer to a display device, but
it has largely been replaced by digital alternatives.
- Ethernet Connector: Provides wired network connectivity, enabling data transfer between
the computer and a local area network (LAN).
- Audio Jack: Connects audio devices like headphones, speakers, and microphones for sound
input and output.
Question 3: What is a Machine Cycle?
A machine cycle is the process by which a computer executes an instruction. It includes four
stages:
1. Fetch: The CPU retrieves the instruction from memory.
2. Decode: The instruction is translated into signals the computer understands.
3. Execute: The CPU performs the operation indicated by the instruction.
4. Store: The result is saved back to memory for future use.
Question 4: Complete the Diagram
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): Executes instructions.
- Input Devices: Devices like keyboards and mice, used to input data into the CPU.
- Output Devices: Devices like monitors and printers, used to receive data from the CPU.
- Main Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data and programs during execution.
- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs mathematical and logical operations.
- CU (Control Unit): Manages and coordinates CPU activities.
- Secondary Storage: Stores data permanently (e.g., hard drives, SSDs).
Question 5: Four Features of the PCI Bus
1. High Bandwidth: Provides fast communication between components.
2. Plug and Play: Devices connected to the PCI bus are configured automatically.
3. Peripheral Support: Supports a variety of peripherals such as graphics cards and sound
cards.
4. Multiple Device Support: Can handle multiple devices without a significant performance
drop.
Question 6: Differences Between CRT and LCD Monitors
- Technology: CRTs use cathode ray tubes, while LCDs use liquid crystal displays.
- Size and Weight: CRTs are bulky and heavy, while LCDs are slim and lightweight.
- Power Consumption: CRTs consume more power than LCDs, which are more energy-
efficient.
**Comparison:**
- Screen Resolution: LCD monitors typically offer higher screen resolution compared to
CRTs.
- Durability: CRTs are more robust, while LCDs are more fragile and prone to breakage.
Question 7: Compare RCA/Coaxial Cable, USB Cable, and Ethernet Cable
- RCA/Coaxial Cable: Used to carry analog audio and video signals in older systems.
- USB Cable: Used for data transfer and power supply between computers and peripherals
like smartphones, keyboards, and storage devices.
- Ethernet Cable: Used for wired internet connectivity and data transfer within a local area
network (LAN).
Question 8: Differences Between Floppy Drive, Hard Drive, and Flash
Drive
- Floppy Drive: An outdated storage device with a low capacity, used for reading and writing
data on floppy disks.
- Hard Drive: A large-capacity storage device that uses magnetic disks or flash memory to
store data permanently.
- Flash Drive: A portable data storage device that uses flash memory for quick and efficient
data transfer, much faster than floppy drives.
