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CEDEES 22. Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) is given by Teasdale and
Jennett.
NEET MUST KNOW : Module 2
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery II 23. GCS includes Eye , Verbal and Motor response

1. Triage is sorting of patients based on the resources 24. The minimum score in GCS scale is 3
required and resources available .
25. A patient with a GCS score of 8 or less requires
2. Triage includes mass casualties and multiple intubation. (CEDEES)
casualties.
26. Primary bone healing includes Contact healing and
3. In mass casualties , priority is given to patients with Gap healing.
high chances of survival
27. In contact zones, the Haversian remodelling proceeds
4. In multiple casualties , priority is given to patients with through the fracture plane
life threating injuries.(CEDEES)
28. Secondary bone healing happens via callus formation
5. First priority given in Trauma patient is Airway
management. 29. The most common fractured bone in face is nasal
bone. (CEDEES)
6. Airway maneuvers are Head tilt , Chin lift and Jaw
thrust. 30. Open book type fracture is seen in nasal bone
fracture.
7. Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal airway are airway
adjuncts . (CEDEES) 31. More than 50% of mandibular fractures are multiple.

8. Bag Valve mask provides positive pressure ventilation. 32. All fractures involving the tooth bearing area is
classified as compound fracture
9. FAST is Focused Assessment with Sonography in
Trauma 33. Symphysis fracture with bilateral condylar fracture is
Parade ground fracture or Guardsman fracture.
10. Complete system evaluation from head to toe comes
under secondary survey 34. Bilateral mandibular fracture in edentulous patient is
called bucket handle fracture.
11. Cuffed endotracheal tube , cricothyroidotomy and
tracheostomy provides definitive airway. 35. Coleman sign (Sublingual hematoma /ecchymosis) is
strongly suggestive of mandibular fracture.
12. Cricothyroidotomy is contraindicated in Children
under 11 years. 36. The fracture condyle is usually displaced in
anteromedial direction
13. Needle Cricothyroidotomy with transtracheal jet
ventilation is the preferred airway in children under 11 37. In unfavourable angle fracture the fracture is
years (CEDEES) displaced in medial( Medial pterygoid) and superior
direction ( Temporalis and masseter ) (CEDEES)
14. Laryngeal Mask airway is rescue airway
38. In bilateral para symphysis /body fracture , airway
15. Cricoid pressure is called as Sellick maneuver may be obstructed due to posterior and inferior
displacement of fracture fragment with tongue fall back
16. The main cause of deaths that can be prevented in
trauma is caused by hemorrhage. 39. Genioglossus , Geniohyoid , Mylohyoid , anterior
belly of digastric pulls the fragment posterior and
17. Shock in a trauma patient is primarily hypovolemic inferiorly in bilateral parasymphysis/ body fracture
shock.
40. Anterior open bite with posterior gagging is seen in
18. Urinary output is sensory indicator for hypovolemic Bilateral condylar fracture
shock.
41. Deviation of mandible to same side is seen in
19. Renal output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr in adults unilateral condylar fracture
signifies renal hypoperfusion (CEDEES)
42. Lateral extracapsular displacement, Presence of
20. Two wide bore IV canula ( Minimum 18 gauge ) is foreign body , Displacement in middle cranial fossa are
indicated for vascular access in trauma. absolute indications for open reduction of condylar
fractures (CEDEES)
21. Crystalloid solution of 1 litre (adults) is initially
transfused in patients with hypovolemia

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43. Condylar displacement more than 45 degree and mandibular fractures with mild displacement and
shortening of Ramus more than 2 mm strongly indicates occlusal derangement .
for open reduction in condylar fracture.
44. Closed reduction is commonly indicated for 65. Pediatric mandibular fracture is treated by One
intracapsular fractures . miniplate at the inferior border avoiding the tooth buds

45. Intracapsular fracture in children needs prolonged 66. Gunning splint is used to treat edentulous mandibular
follow up due to ankylosis complication (CEDEES) fracture (CEDEES)

46. The period of MMF in children with mandibular 67. Wishboning effect is seen in edentulous fracture
fractures with mild occlusal derangement is 7 to 10 days treated with miniplates.

47. Early mobilization is indicted for non displaced 68. Eburnation is seen in non union of fractures.
fractures with no derangement in occlusion
69. Load sharing ( Functional load cannot be entirely
48. CT scan is Gold standard for fracture assessment and taken by plate ) is indicated in simple linear fractures .
management.
70. Miniplates and lag screws are used in load sharing
49. Bridle wiring is used as temporary way of stabilizing osteosynthesis
fracture fragments (CEDEES)
71. In Load bearing functional load is entirely taken by
50. Direct interdental wiring is called Gilmer’s wiring plate (CEDEES)

51. Erich arch bar and Ivy eyelet is commonly used for 72. Reconstruction plate with load bearing fixation is
Maxillomandibular fixation. used for treating atrophic mandibular fractures

52. 6 weeks MMF is indicated for closed reduction of 73. Reconstruction plate with load bearing fixation is
mandibular fractures used for comminuted fractures of mandible and fractures
with bone defect .
53. Continuous or multiple loop wiring is called Stout
wiring (CEDEES) 74. Stress shielding effect is structural changes in the
form of porosis seen underneath the reconstruction plates
54. Clove Hitch wiring is used in case of missing tooth or . Rarely seen in Maxillofacial region
isolated single tooth
75. Rigid fixation is achieved by two bone plates , 2 lag
55. In Vestibular approach incision to be given 5 -10 mm screws , Compression plate with tension band and
away from attached gingiva in mobile mucosa reconstruction plate (CEDEES)

56. Hinds and Girotti approach is retromandibular 76. Miniplate and monocortical screw is example of
approach. semirigid fixation

57. Risdon approach is submandibular approach given 77. Transosseous wiring is example of nonrigid fixation .
1.5 to 2 cm below lower border of mandible to avoid
marginal mandibular nerve injury (CEDEES) 78. Dynamic compression plate( DCP) used gliding hole
principle .
58. Champy miniplate osteosynthesis is widely used for
treatment of mandibular fractures 79. Tension band is applied below the root apices before
application of DCP.
59. Two Mini plates ( one inferiorly , one superiorly ) is
widely used for symphysis and parasymphysis fracture. 80. To avoid opening of superior end – tension band has
to be used , to avoid splaying of lingual cortex little
60. One miniplate -Below the root apices and above the overbending of plate has to be done (CEDEES)
neurovascular bundle is widely used for body fracture
81. Bigonial pressure has to be given if symphysis
61. The superior plate is fixed with monocortical screws fracture is associated with condyle fractures to avoid
lingual splaying of mandible
62. One miniplate – At external oblique ridge is widely
used for angle fracture of mandible. (CEDEES) 82. The outer thread diameter is associated with the
description of the screw or plate system ( Eg- 1.5 mm , 2
63. Two mini plate – One at lateral border and one at mm, 2.4 mm ) . (CEDEES)
anterior border near sigmoid notch is widely used for
condylar fracture of mandible. 83. Lag screw is used in oblique fractures . True lag
screw does not have threads below the head
64. Closed reduction with cap splint and
circummandibular wiring is used widely for pediatric 84. Guerin sign (Ecchymosis near greater palatine
foramen) is seen in Le Fort fractures
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105. In Gilles temporal approach instrument ( Rowes
85. Floating maxilla and anterior open bite are seen in Zygomatic elevator) passes between temporalis fascia
Le Fort I fractures and temporalis muscle
86. Racoon eyes and Panda facies are seen in Le Fort II 106. Upper buccal sulcus approach for ZMC fracture
and III fractures. Dish face deformity and moon facies is reduction is Balasubramanian approach. Keens approach
seen in Le Fort III fractures is intraoral approach for ZMC fracture reduction.

87. Antimongoloid slant hooding of eye is seen in ZMC , 107. Lateral coronoid approach is called Quinns
Le Fort III fractures approach for ZMC fracture reduction

88. Enophthalmos is posterior displacement of globe . 108. Stromeyer bone hook ( Poswillo bone hook ) is used
Birds eye and worm’s eye view is used for clinical via percutaneous approach for ZMC fracture reduction .
examination of Enophthalmos (CEDEES) Caroll Girard screw is used via percutaneous approach
for ZMC fracture reduction.
89. Hyphema is collection of blood in anterior chamber
of eye. 109. Ash forceps is used for Nasal septum reduction .
Walsham and Goldman forceps is used for Nasal bone
90. Chemosis is inflammation of conjunctiva . reduction .
Anisocoria is inequal pupils
110. Rowes dis impaction forceps is used for Maxillary
91. Diplopia seen in trauma is most commonly binocular dis impaction . Hayton Williams forceps is used for
reduction of increased maxillary width in maxillary
92. Traumatic telecanthus is important clinical finding in fractures (CEDEES)
NOE fractures (CEDEES)
111. Subciliary, Subtarsal , transconjuctival approach is
93. CSF leak can be seen in NOE , Lefort III fractures used for orbital floor and rim

94. Halo effect on pillow and tramline effect on face is 112. Upper blepharoplasty and lateral eyebrow incisions
seen in CSF rhinorrhoea. β 2 transferrin( Tau protein) is are used to expose Fronto zygomatic region in ZMC
confirmatory for CSF leak fractures

95. Hertel, Naugel exopthalmometer are used for 113. Gullwing , Opensky , butterfly , coronal approach is
measuring enophthalmos used for NOE fractures (CEDEES)

96. Hertel exopthalmometer used lateral orbital rim as 114. During coronal approach Temporal branch of facial
landmark. Naugel exopthalmometer used superior and nerve lies within or deep to temporoparietal fascia but
inferior orbital rim as landmark superficial to Temporalis fascia.

97. In Bowstring test lid is pulled laterally while Medial 115. Facial nerve lies deep to SMAS ( Superficial
canthal tendon is palpated ( Done for NOE fracture ) Musculo aponeurotic system )

98. Jones I and II test is used to check patency of 116. L Mini plates is sued in Piriform rim and
Nasolacrimal duct in NOE fracture Zygomaticomaxillary buttress in Le Fort I fractures

99. Pure blowout fracture involves orbital wall without 117. Transnasal cathopexy is used for attaching Medial
orbital rim (CEDEES) canthal tendon in NOE fractures . (CEDEES)

100. White eyed blow out fracture is seen in children 118. Orbital floor reconstruction is indicated in persistent
.Occulocardiac reflex ( Bradycardia) is seen in White diplopia , enophthalmos more than 2 mm and more than
eyed blow out fracture 50 % ( 2x2 cm) of orbital floor defect

101. Forced duction test is used for muscle entrapment in 119. Emergency surgical intervention is needed for
orbital floor fracture children with bradycardia in trapdoor fracture

102. Hess chart is used to assess diplopia . Snellen’s 120. Zygomaticosphenoid suture is used for accuracy of
chart is used to assess Visual acuity . Tonometry device ZMC fracture reduction (CEDEES)
is used to measure intraocular pressure
121. Space 4 in Grondinsky and Holyoke classification is
103. Relative afferent pupillary defect is called Marcus called Danger space ( Between alar and prevertebral
Gunn Pupil fascia of posterior division of deep cervical fascia )

104. Trap door sign and hanging drop sign is seen in 122. Lincoln’s highway corresponds to carotid space (
orbital floor fracture . Dolans line is used to assess ZMC Space 3A) within the carotid sheath.
fracture in Water’s View
123. Trismus is classical feature of Masticator space
infection
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142. Radionucleotide imaging ( 99 m Tc labelled
124. Retropharyngeal space is also called as Space of Methylene disphosphonate , 67 Ga , 111 In WBC )
Gillette . Nodes of Rouvier are lateral retropharyngeal especially identifies the reactive bone formation than
nodes . demineralization. (CEDEES)

125. Peritonsillar abscess is called as Quinsy . 143. The island of bone destruction is called sequestra (
Necrotic bone ). A sheath of new bone ( Involucrum ) is
126. Aponeurosis of Zukerkandl and Testut divides the found separated from sequestra by zone of radiolucency.
lateral pharyngeal space into anterior( Pre styloid ) and 144. Sequestrectomy , Debridement ,Saucerization,
posterior compartment ( Post styloid ) (CEDEES) decortication , resection and reconstruction are the
surgical options for osteomyelitis

127. Post styloid compartment of Lateral pharyngeal 145. Onion skin appearance is seen in Garre’s sclerosing
space contains nerves IX,X,XI,XII. osteomyelitis.. Endodontic therapy or extraction is the
usual treatment needed
128. Sublingual space infection spreads to lateral
pharyngeal space through Buccopharyngeal gap 146. Osteoradionecrosis is a radiation induced , non
healing , hypoxic necrotic wound . (Hypo vascular ,
129. Ludwig’s angina is a firm toxic cellulitis of bilateral Hypo cellular and Hypoxic wound of radiated tissue )
submandibular , bilateral sublingual and of submental
space. 147.Radiation of jaws in excess of 50 Gy kills bone cells
and results in progressive obliterative arteritis (
130. Cricothyroidotomy is preferred for patients with Endarteritis , periarteritis , hyalinization , fibrosis and
airway obstruction in Ludwigs angina thrombosis of vessels ) (CEDEES)

148. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy( HBO ) consist of

131. Fiber- optic intubation if possible is preferred breathing 100 % oxygen through a facemask or large
method establishing airway in Ludwigs angina than chamber at 2.4 absolute atmospheric pressure for 90 min
surgical airway (CEDEES) session

132. Corrugated rubber drain is commonly used to drain 149. Marx protocol suggest treatment of
the abscess after the incision osteoradionecrosis

133. Hiltons method of abscess drainage is avoiding 150. All non restorable teeth in the direct beam of
important structures like nerve and vessels while radiation and teeth with significant periodontal disease
draining. should be extracted 10 – 14 days before radiation therapy
begins. (CEDEES)
134. Sinus forceps is used for abscess drainage
151. Wallerian or anterograde degeneration is a series of
135. The first nerve to be involved in cavernous sinus molecular and cellular events triggered throughout the
thrombosis is Abducent nerve (CEDEES) distal nerve stump.

136. Dangerous area of face corresponds to upper lip, 152. Tinel’s sign is a provocative test of regenerating
corresponding maxillary region , lower part of nose and nerve sprouts in which light percussion over the nerve
adjacent areas. elicits a distal tingling sensation.

137. The upper lip region is termed as danger as 153. The average rate of an injured axon’s forward
infection from these areas can ascend through superior growth is approximately 1 to 2mm/day.
ophthalmic vein( Anterior route ) to cavernous sinus.
154. Lingual and inferior alveolar nerves are
138. Posterior route for cavernous sinus thrombosis pass polyfascicular .
through Deep facial vein---- Pterygoid plexus of veins --
-- emissary vein through Foramen Vesalius , ovale , 155. Types of nerve repair are Epineural , Perineural ,
lacerum ---- Cavernous sinus Group fascicular. (CEDEES)

139. Osteomyelitis is a inflammation of medullary 156. Direct Neurorraphy , end- end coaptation . can only
portion of bone and later involves periosteum and cortex. be performed when the nerve is tension free

140. Osteomyelitis of mandible is more frequent than 157. For an interpositional free nerve graft : The sural,
maxilla (CEDEES) greater auricular, and median antebrachial nerves are
considered
141. Bone scanning , radionucleotide imaging , or
skeletal scintigraphy is useful in determining the 158. The sural nerve can provide up to 30mm of graft
presence of reactive bone in osteomyelitis harvest. It provides sensation to the posterior and lateral
aspects of the leg and foot

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159. Because of primary contracture, the length of the 177. The distance of implant from superior aspect of
harvested nerve should be at least 25% longer than the bony inferior alveolar canal is 2 mm .The distance of
defect implant from mental nerve is minimum of 5 mm from
anterior of bony foramen. (CEDEES)
160. For Suturing of nerve ends an inert and
nonresorbable suture material, such as 8-0 or 9-0 178. Partsch I ( Marsupialization ) is one-step procedure
monofilament nylon (Ethilon) or polypropylene that the cystic cavity is converted into a pouch by
(Prolene). (CEDEES) creating a bony window over the cyst and suturing the
cut edges of the cyst lining to the surrounding oral
161. MRI finding of an aberrant loop of a blood vessel at mucosa.
root entry zone ( REZ) is the most common cause of 179. Patsch II procedure is enucleation of the lesion
Trigeminal Neuralgia followed by primary closure

162. It is common to find a segment of superior 180. Waldrons method is Marsupialization followed by
cerebellar artery compressing on the REZ( Root entry enucleation (CEDEES)
zone ) in Trigeminal neuralgia
181. Solid or multicystic Ameloblastoma , Mural
163. Microvascular decompression ( Janeeta procedure ) unicystic ameloblastoma, CEOT , Odontogenic myxoma
is the posterior cranial fossa needs to be accessed via ( 1-1.5 mm margin ) is treated by resection .
suboccipital craniotomy for Trigeminal neuralgia
182. Solid ameloblastoma not involving inferior border is
164. Gamma knife surgery( Radiosurgery) is least treated with En Bloc resection . Tumor involving inferior
invasive procedure for Trigeminal neuralgia border is treated with segmental resection

165. Traditional Inferior alveolar neurectomy is done by 183. Enucleation is done for Periapical cyst , Dentigerous
Ginwala access for Trigeminal neuralgia . cyst , Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor Odontoma.

166. Intercortical/Septal alveoloplasty with reposition of 184. Decompression or marsupialization with or without
labial cortical bone is called as Deans alveoloplasty. later cystectomy, enucleation combined with excision of
overlying mucosa and Carnoy solution application to the
167.Vertical osteotomy for mandibular ridge bony defect, and enucleation combined with liquid
augmentation is called VISOR osteotomy (CEDEES) nitrogen application to the osseous cavity are treatment
options of OKC
168. Midline palatal incision , The double ended Y
incision is used for removal of large palatal tori . The 185. Carnoys solution contains 3 ml of chloroform, 6 ml
palatal tori should be cut into small pieces. of absolute ethanol , 1 ml glacial acetic acid and 1 gm
ferric chloride. Modified cornoy’s solution is without
169. Kazanjian , Clark , Lipswitch( Transpositional flap chloroform. (CEDEES)
vestibuloplasty , Modified Kazanjian) procedure are
labial vestibuloplasty procedure . 186. Carnoy’s solution is a tissue fixative which
penetrates bone to a depth of 1.54 mm if applied for 5
170. Trauner and Caldwell are lingual vestibuloplasty min
procedure . Obwegeser is combination vestibuloplasty .
187. Curettage is treatment for non aggressive giant cell
171. Torque testing can be done to check for granuloma , Aneurysmal bone cyst( ABC)
osseointegration at the time of implant uncovering.
188. Adjunctive chemotherapy options of central giant
172. One should be able to place a force of 10 to 20Ncm cell granuloma include intranasal or subcutaneous
without unscrewing an implant if it is successfully calcitonin, intralesional glucocorticoids, and
osseointegrated. (CEDEES) antiangiogenic therapy with interferon alpha.

173. Horizontal mobility of >1mm or movement < 500 g 189. Mucocele is Common in lower lip and treatment
of forceindicates failed implant . excision of the mucocele along with minor salivary
glands (CEDEES)
174. The most useful radiographic sign of implant failure
is loss of crestal bone. Early crestal bone loss is a sign of 190. Transoral lithotomy , Stone removal through
stress at the permucosal site. sialoendoscopy, Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy ,
Intracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, Fluoroscopically
175. The distance between adjacent implants- outer edges guided basket retrieval , Laser surgery for sialolithiasis
is 3 mm .The distance of implant from adjacent tooth (sialolithectomy with CO2 laser) are treatment options
roots is 1.5 mm. (CEDEES) for Sialolithiasis

176. The distance of implant from facial cortex is 1 mm 191. Severely impacted hilar calculi or intraparenchymal
.The distance of implant from lingual cortex is 1 mm . calculi in non functional gland is treated by Excision of
the submandibular gland or superficial parotidectomy.

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192. Treatment for Ranula includes Excision (for small
lesions)±excision of sublingual salivary gland ,
Marsupialization (for larger lesions)±excision of the
sublingual salivary gland , Cryotherapy , Laser ablation
(CO2) or laser excision (diode) , Hydrodissection ,
Intracystic injection of the streptococcal preparation OK-
432 (CEDEES)

193. Labial salivary gland biopsy is used for diagnosis of

Sjögren’s syndrome(lymphocytic infiltrate is seen )

194. Pleomorphic adenoma is treated by Superficial

parotidectomy (CEDEES)

195. Low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma is treated by

Superficial parotidectomy , High grade – Total
parotidectomy ±radical neck dissection .

196. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is treated by Radical

parotidectomy or submandibular gland excision . Post op
radiation if margins are positive . (CEDEES)

197. Modified Blair incision , Lazy S incision is used for

Parotidectomy .

198. Low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and

Plemorphic adenoma of palate is treated by excision of
tumor with periosteum

199. High grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of palate is

treated by partial maxillectomy with neck dissection if
positive nodes (CEDEES)

200. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of palate is treated by

radical maxillectomy with postop radiotherapy

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