Allude To allude is to refer to something in an indirect manner.

Analogy A comparison of two otherwise unlike things based on resemblance of

a particular aspect.
Ambiguity A word/expression/sentence that can be understood in two or more
possible ways.
Ambivalence Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or
someone.
Appropriateness Provide an analysis about whether something is suitable or fitting in a
given context. In such a question, you would evaluate the factors that
make something appropriate or inappropriate and provide reasons
and evidence to support your view.
Aside A comment/statement made by the writer that is not directly related to
the main topic or argument of the essay. An aside helps writers share
his/her inner feelings and thoughts.
Atmosphere/mood The way an author uses setting, thoughts, diction, tone to create
emotion, mood, or experiences for the reader.
Attitude A manner of acting, feeling, or thinking that shows one's disposition,
opinion, etc. [You can determine the writer’s attitude by looking at
his/her choice of words/emotive language]
Composition In writing a composition is the way a writer crafts words, sentences,
and paragraphs to create a coherent work.
In visual texts such as advertisements/cartoons composition is the
layout, size, placement etc.
A cartoon typically consists of characters, a background, movement
lines, colours, speech bubbles, captions, and titles. The layout and
size of these elements and the artistic style used by the cartoonist
contribute to the overall composition of the cartoon.
Contradiction A contradiction is a situation or ideas that are opposed to one another.

e.g. A recent study demonstrated that all smart gadgets are built and
designed to relay all information back to the manufacturer. Besides
the fact that every device needed to have its own password and
security features, one common thing the study found was that every
device reported back to its manufacturer on how it was being used by
the recipient client.

The contradiction in the above sentence shows that all the security
features found in smart devices, the user's privacy is
still jeopardised since personal information is relayed to the
manufacturers.
Diction The choice and use of words and phrases used in writing.

Distinction A difference or contrast between similar things or people.

Effectiveness The degree to which something is successful in producing a desired

result. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an
intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression.
Elements of style The literary element that describes the ways that the author uses
words — the author's word choice, sentence structure, figurative
language, and sentence arrangement all work together to establish
mood, images, and meaning in the text.
 e.g. personal pronouns/diction/rhetorical questions/repetition/emotive
language, etc.
Impact Impact refers to the powerful or lasting effect that a piece of writing
has on its readers or audience. It measures how effectively the writing
conveys its message, elicits emotions, provokes thought, or influences
the reader's perspective. Writing with impact is often associated with
the ability to engage, inform, persuade, or entertain the audience in a
meaningful way.
Implied Involved, indicated, or suggested without being directly or explicitly
state.
Implication The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not
explicitly stated.
Implicit Suggested though not directly expressed. Capable of being
understood from something else though unexpressed
In context When considering something 'in context of the passage,' it means you
should think about that specific phrase/word/sentence in relation to
the text as a whole. This helps you understand its meaning and
importance as intended by the writer.
Intention/purpose An author's purpose is his reason for or intent in writing. An author's
purpose may be to amuse the reader, to persuade the reader, to
inform the reader, or to satirise a condition.
Irony Irony occurs when something that is said or the expected outcome of
a situation is different from what actually happens.
What appears to be is in contrast with what is actually the case.
When one thing is said, but something else is meant.

Types of irony and examples:

 Situational irony occurs when the outcome of a situation differs
greatly from what one would expect to happen. E.g. Situational
irony can occur in everyday life. For example, seeing someone
complain about Facebook in a Facebook post is a type of situational
irony.
 Verbal irony is when a speaker says one thing but means another.
E.g. ‘I can resist everything except temptation’. This statement is
ironic because it is contradictory. If he could resist everything, he
could resist temptation – the most important thing to resist!
 Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows something that
the characters don't. E.g. Romeo and Juliet: When Juliet takes a
sleeping potion to appear dead and avoid an arranged marriage,
her family believes she is truly dead. However, the audience knows
that Juliet is not deceased; she's only in a deep sleep.
Hyperbole Exaggerated comparisons or overstatements for emphasis and literery
effect
Justified Is the writer's argument or action reasonable and supported by
evidence? It refers to a question or discussion about whether the
actions, statements, or arguments made by the writer are reasonable,
fair, or morally acceptable. It's a way of assessing whether the writer
has provided a valid or reasonable basis for their claims, opinions, or
decisions within the context of their writing.
Juxtaposition Placing two or more elements (such as words, phrases, images, or
ideas) side by side or close together for the purpose of highlighting
their contrasting or complementary qualities. This technique is used to
 create emphasis, draw attention, provoke thought, or convey a
particular message
Litotes Litotes is a figure of speech in which understatement is used to
emphasize a point by stating the negative to create an affirmative
meaning. Instead of directly asserting something positive, a litotes
employs a negation of the opposite. It is a form of irony and often
serves to make a statement more emphatic or dramatic. E.g. ‘It's no
small matter’: This implies that something is a significant or substantial
matter
Message Refers to the central idea, theme, or point that the author is trying to
communicate through their written work.
Paradox A statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to common
sense and yet is perhaps true.
Rhetoric Rhetoric is language that's carefully constructed to persuade,
motivate, or inform the reader.
Rhetorical question A question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a
point rather than to get an answer. Writers use rhetorical questions to
engage readers, emphasize points, make arguments more
compelling, encourage thought, and challenge assumptions.
Rhetorical questions can also add humour or irony, connect with
readers, and serve as a transition or style choice in writing.
Satire Satire is a literary or artistic technique that uses humour, irony, or
exaggeration to criticize and ridicule individuals, institutions, or
societal issues. It is a form of social commentary that often highlights
the flaws, vices, or absurdities of its target in order to provoke change
or raise awareness.
Setting The place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or
where an event takes place
Suitability Is appropriate or well-matched for a particular purpose, situation, or
context.
Suitable conclusion A conclusion should give the reader a solution to a problem, a more
in-depth comment, a call to action or questions to explore in further
studies. It should provide insights into why people should care about
the subject. Give the readers some points to think about.
Tone Tone is the author's attitude toward a subject. The tone can be
identified by looking at word choices and phrases. Take time to look at
the language. An author uses words to create meaning.
Viewpoint A person's opinion or point of view

Writing style Writing style is the manner of expressing thought in language

characteristic.

Purpose of single line