(CE-314) STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS-II

COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM REPORT

BATCH: 2020

By

S.No. NAMES SEAT NO

1. FAISAL AIJAZ CE-19040

2. ASIF NAWAZ CE-20023

3. MIR SHAHU CE-20311

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY KARACHI, PAKISTAN

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1............................................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Problem Statement:.................................................................................................................................4
1.2. Requirements:.........................................................................................................................................5
1.3. Drawings:................................................................................................................................................5
Chapter 2............................................................................................................................................................5
CALCULATION OF ULTIMATE LOAD.....................................................................................................6
2.1 Introduction:.............................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Calculation:..............................................................................................................................................6
Chapter 3............................................................................................................................................................7
ANALYSIS BY MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD............................................................................8
3.1. 2-D frame:...............................................................................................................................................8
3.2. Calculation of Coefficient Factor of Members:......................................................................................8
3.3. Moment Calculation:..............................................................................................................................9
3.4. Table of Moment distribution method:.................................................................................................10
3.5. Reactions, Shear force and Bending moment diagram:........................................................................10
3.6. Etabs Results:........................................................................................................................................13
3.7. Justification for the minor differences in results:.................................................................................18
Chapter 4..........................................................................................................................................................19
ANALYSIS BY STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD.....................................................................................19
4.1. 2-D Frame:............................................................................................................................................19
4.2. Calculation of the Constants and Evaluating members:.......................................................................19
4.3. ETABS results:......................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4. Justification of minimal variations:......................................................................................................26
Chapter 5..........................................................................................................................................................27
Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................27

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 Table of figures

Figure 1: Selected frame ....................................................................................................................................

6
Figure 2: Loads on Frame ..................................................................................................................................
7
Figure 3: Frame 2 Fixed end Moments .............................................................................................................
9
Figure 3: Frame 1 Fixed end Moments .............................................................................................................
9
Figure 4: Reaction Forces ................................................................................................................................
10
Figure 5: Bending Moment Diagram (Manual Calculation) ............................................................................
10
Figure 6: Shear force Diagram (Manual Calculation) .....................................................................................
11
Figure 7: Shear Force Diagram from ETABS .................................................................................................
12
Figure 8: Bending Moment diagram from ETABS ....................................................................................... 12
Figure 9: Values from ETABS of frame (F1) ................................................................................................ 13
Figure 10: Values from ETABS of frame (F2) ................................................................................................
15
Figure 11: Values at Column (CE) ..................................................................................................................
15
Figure 12: 2-D Frame.......................................................................................................................................
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 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem Statement:

You are working as a junior structural engineer in a structural design firm, and you are designing
your first residential G+1 structure. Your boss is not confident on the finite element model that you
made (either ETABs or TEKLA STRUCTURAL DESIGN) Your senior directs you to take at least a
two span frames, analyze it for shear and bending moment using any software, and then compare
your
results using Moment Distribution Method (CLO 2) and Stiffness Matrix Method (CLO 3). The
working that you have to show to your superior in form of a formal report format includes:

1- Architectural Plan of G+1 240 – 400 sq. yards residential building.

The frame you are evaluating should be highlighted.
2. Comprehensive Report
a) Calculations of Dead, Live and Ultimate loads
b) Analysis of the selected frame on the software with procedure and relevant screenshots
c) Analysis of the selected Frame using Moment Distribution Method (CLO1) and its comparison
with the results of software with justification of minor variation in results.
d) Analysis of the selected Frame using Stiffness Method (CLO 2) and its comparison with the
results of software with justification of minor variation in results.
e) Conclusion
3. Results of Finite Element Analysis of the entire Structure using either of ETABS or TEKLA
STRUCTURAL DESIGN.

1.2. Requirements:
1. Use AUTOCAD or REVIT for the preparation of architectural and structural drawings.
2. For structural analysis use any software like ETABs, TEKLA STRUCTURAL DESIGN or
SAP.
3. Present all calculations in the final report.
4. Use Final Year Design Project Report Format

1.3. Drawings:

The Drawings are attached with this report mentioning the frame selected for the analysis by
manually (Moment Distribution & Stiffness Matrix method) and by Software (ETABS).

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 Chapter 2

CALCULATION OF ULTIMATE LOAD

2.1 Introduction:
The ultimate load-bearing capacity of the beams was determined by calculating the dead load of the
slab along with the additional impact of live loads and the beams own weight. The detailed
calculations are provided below.
Slab Thickness = 6 in
Beam Size = 6 x 24 in
= 36𝑝𝑠𝑓
= 40𝑝𝑠𝑓
Finishes

= 72𝑝𝑠𝑓
Live Load
Wall Load

2.2 Calculation:
Dead load of Slab = 6”/12× 150𝑝𝑠𝑓 = 75𝑝𝑠𝑓
Self-weight of beam = 6”X24”/144 × 150𝑝𝑠𝑓 = 150 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑) + 1.6(𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑)

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(36 + 75+72) + 1.6(40)

𝑊𝑢 = 283.6 𝑝𝑠𝑓
𝑊𝑢 = 0.284 k𝑠𝑓
Load transfer to beam from dead and live load of slab and dead load of wall:
Tributary Width =10’/2 +16’/2 =13’
𝑊𝑢 for beams excluding self-weight = 0.284x13’=3.69k/ft
Self-weight of beam =0.15k/ft

𝑊𝑢 =3.87k/ft
Overall weight including self-weight = 3.69 + 1.2(0.15)

Figure 1: Selected Beam

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 Chapter 3

ANALYSIS BY MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

3.1. 2-D frame:

Figure 2: 2-D Frame

3.2. Calculation of Coefficient Factor of Members:

DA = EB = FC = 0

GD = HE = IF = 0

1
AD = DG = ( ¿ ÷ ¿) = 0.5
10

1
AB = DE = ( ¿ ÷ ¿) = 0.5
10

1
CF = FI = ( ¿ ÷ ¿) = 0.375
10

1
CB = HE = ( ¿ ÷ ¿) = 0.625
6

1
BA = ED = ( ¿ ÷ ¿) = 0.27
10

1
BC = EF = ( ¿ ÷ ¿) = 0.45
6

1
BE = EH = ( ¿ ÷ ¿) = 0.27
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3.3. Moment Calculation:

Calculating Fixed end Moments for frame 1 and 2:

Figure 3: Moments

𝑤𝐿 𝑤𝐿
2 2

12 12
Moment = Moment =

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 (3.87) (10) (3.87) (6)
2 2

12 12
Moment = Moment =

Moment = 32.25 kip-ft Moment = 11.61 kip-ft

Taking Anti-Clock wise direction as positive and Clock wise direction as negative.
Hence the Moments are,

DA = EB = FC = AD = CF = BE = 0
GD = HE = IF = DG = EH = FI = 0
AB = -32.25 kip-ft BA = 32.25 kip-ft

BC = -11.61 kip-ft CB = 11.61 kip-ft

3.4. Table of Moment distribution method:

3.5. Reactions, Shear force and Bending moment diagram:

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Figure 4: Reaction Forces

Figure 5: Shear force Diagram (Manual Calculation)

Figure 6: Bending Moment Diagram (Manual Calculation)

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3.6. Etabs Results:

Figure 7: SFD-BMD from ETABS

Figure 8: Values of Story 2 Beams from ETABS

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Figure 9: Story 2 columns value from ETABS
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Figure 10: Story 1 Beams value from Etabs
Figure 11: Story 2 columns value from Etabs

3.7. Justification for the minor differences in results:

1. Rounding errors: Calculation procedure has involved rounding numbers, which can lead to
small discrepancies.
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2. Methodology differences: Different methods or algorithms used in software and manual
calculations can produce varying results.
3. Precision and accuracy: ETABS calculations are more precise due to the use of advanced
numerical methods and higher precision arithmetic.
4. Assumptions and simplifications: Manual calculations involve simplifying assumptions,
whereas software calculations accounts for more complex factors.
 Chapter 4
ANALYSIS BY STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD
4.1. 2-D Frame:

Figure 12: 2-D Frame

4.2. Calculation of the Constants and Evaluating members:

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25
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4.3. Result from Etabs:

4.4. Justification of minimal variations:

1. Rounding errors: In stiffness matrix methods numbers are rouded off in order to make
calculations simple.
2. Methodology differences: Different methods or algorithms used in software and manual
calculations can result in variation of results.
3. Precision and accuracy: ETABS calculations are more precise due to the use of advanced
numerical methods and higher precision arithmetic.
4. Assumptions and simplifications: Manual calculations involve simplifying assumptions,
whereas software calculations accounts for more complex factors.
 Chapter 5

Conclusion

While doing the calculations for the CEP of same frame using different methods is that there are
chances of getting an error if all the factors are not taken as required for the solution of the fame,
further more that these process are time taking and could take several hours to solve if there are
spans of 2 or more, so in our opinion these options are only suitable for small amount of frame
calculation or if the frames are identical then in that case only analyzing 1 section would result in
complete solution of the frame.

These methods may still be used in design offices for simple frame solutions but for advanced
solution of 3D frames members where more than dead load and live loads are considered such as
wind load sways frame and even Earth quakes are analyzed on the 3D frame so manual calculations
could become more than a challenge, so ETABs is used for the quick analysis of the frame and design
the members accordingly.

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