Mining activities in Jhanjhar, Rajasthan, significantly contribute to economic growth by boosting the local economy and positioning the area as an important mining and export center due to its rich deposits of high-quality marble, feldspar, and quartz . These resources support industries such as ceramics, glass, and electronics, creating jobs and attracting investment . However, these activities also pose environmental challenges, including land degradation, deforestation, and pollution due to the extraction processes and machinery used, which can harm local ecosystems and reduce biodiversity. Balancing economic growth with environmental protection requires sustainable mining practices and regulations to mitigate negative impacts ."

Regulating construction activities is crucial for air quality management as they contribute significantly to dust pollution, primarily through PM10 emissions . To minimize their impact, enforcing dust control measures like water sprinkling, using green nets to cover buildings, and ensuring proper disposal of construction waste is necessary . Additional measures include timing construction activities to avoid peak pollution periods and mandating material-transporting trucks to be covered . Regular monitoring of large projects ensures compliance with these regulations, thus mitigating negative impacts on air quality."

Jhanjhar White Marble holds significant value in both local and international markets due to its fine texture, strength, and elegant appearance, making it highly sought after for architecture, flooring, sculptures, and decorative applications . Its demand propels Jhanjhar's local economy, enhances employment opportunities, and contributes to the region's prominence in the mining industry both within India and globally . This economic activity aids in the area's development but also necessitates careful management to avoid environmental degradation."

Calendula officinalis is notably used for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties, particularly in treating wounds, skin irritations, minor burns, and as a tea for digestive and menstrual relief . In contrast, Dahlia pinnata, while primarily ornamental, contains inulin, which aids digestion and blood sugar control, and has minor traditional uses for skin and metabolic health . Thus, Calendula officinalis plays a more established role in traditional medicine compared to Dahlia pinnata, which is more recognized for its ornamental value with limited medicinal use."

To raise public awareness and foster environmental responsibility in Sirsa, educational campaigns that highlight the health and environmental impacts of pollution should be conducted through schools, media, and community events . Encouraging simple behavioral changes, such as reducing firecracker use, avoiding waste burning, carpooling, and utilizing bicycles or public transport, can significantly cut pollution . Involving local communities in tree plantation drives and instilling environmental responsibility from a young age through school programs can contribute to long-term behavioral change ."

Increasing urban green cover in Sirsa can mitigate poor air quality by naturally absorbing pollutants and releasing clean oxygen, thus improving the air quality . Trees and green spaces provide microclimates that help regulate temperatures, reducing the urban heat island effect while encouraging biodiversity . This not only promotes a healthier environment but also alleviates health impacts related to poor air, such as respiratory issues, by providing a cleaner air supply and enhancing public well-being through improved urban aesthetics and recreational spaces ."

In Sirsa, the air quality tends to be 'Moderate' to 'Poor' during the summer (AQI range: 101-200), presenting moderate health concerns for sensitive individuals . However, air quality significantly deteriorates in winter, with AQI often exceeding 300, reaching 'Very Poor' to 'Hazardous' levels . This leads to serious health issues including respiratory problems, asthma attacks, eye irritation, and increased cardiovascular problems, especially affecting vulnerable groups like children and the elderly ."

Community participation is vital in addressing air pollution challenges in Sirsa, as it empowers individuals to contribute solutions and adopt sustainable practices locally . This can involve participating in local tree planting initiatives, adopting non-polluting practices like carpooling and using public transport, and reducing waste burning . Engaged communities are more likely to support policy changes and initiatives aimed at improving air quality, fostering a collective responsibility towards environmental health, and strengthening the impact of government interventions ."

Feldspar and quartz deposits in the Jhanjhar region contribute greatly to the industrial landscape by supporting the ceramics, glass, and electronics industries, which require these minerals as essential raw materials . This industrial support not only boosts local economic activity but also enhances employment opportunities as these industries often require local labor for mining operations, transportation, and processing . The mineral wealth therefore plays a crucial role in sustaining local livelihoods and enhancing economic stability."

To control high levels of air pollution in Sirsa, especially during winter, a multi-pronged approach is essential. Key steps include controlling crop burning by providing access to sustainable alternatives like the Happy Seeder for direct sowing without clearing stubble, and using bio-decomposer sprays to convert crop residue into organic manure . Curbing vehicle emissions by promoting electric vehicles through financial incentives, expanding EV infrastructure, and strengthening public transport systems can also help . Implementing strict dust control measures at construction sites, such as water sprinkling and using green nets, is crucial . Additionally, increasing green cover by organizing large-scale plantation drives and developing parks can naturally filter pollutants and improve air quality ."