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BEE Lab Manual - 4-5

The experiment aims to measure single-phase power in an AC circuit using three ammeters instead of a wattmeter. It includes a detailed list of required apparatus, theoretical equations for power and power factor calculations, and a step-by-step procedure for conducting the experiment. Additionally, it outlines precautions and questions to consider regarding AC circuits and load types.

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krishnaraj20022005
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49 views2 pages

BEE Lab Manual - 4-5

The experiment aims to measure single-phase power in an AC circuit using three ammeters instead of a wattmeter. It includes a detailed list of required apparatus, theoretical equations for power and power factor calculations, and a step-by-step procedure for conducting the experiment. Additionally, it outlines precautions and questions to consider regarding AC circuits and load types.

Uploaded by

krishnaraj20022005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EXPERIMENT NO. 3 T.N.

2 B
Aim of the Experiment: To measure the single phase power in a single phase a.c. circuit
by using three ammeters.
Apparatus Required:

1. A.C Wattmeter - 1 nos. ( 0- 250 V, 0- amp)


2. A.C Ammeter - 1 nos. (0-10 A)
3. A.C Ammeter - 2 nos. (0-5 A)
4. A.C Voltmeter - 1 nos. (0-300 V)
5. Variac: 230 V, 10 A, 50 Hz, 1-Phase
6. Resistor: 450 ohm
7. R-L Load Box
8. Connecting wires
Circuit Diagram
Wattmeter
0-10 amp 0-10 amp
M L
A1 A3
L
2
Supply, 50 Hz

V
230 V, 10 A

C
0-5 A

P
230 V, A.C

T A2
230 V

V R1 R-L Load
N
Variac 450 Ω
R2
D
N

Theory:

Power consumed by load= P=VI3 cos Ø (1)

From the phasor diagram we can write,

I12=I22+I32+2.I2.I3 cos Ø (2)

Power factor, cos Ø= (I12-I22-I32)/ 2.I2.I3 (3)

I2=V/R (Here R= 450 Ohm)

Now,

Pcalculated =VI3 cos Ø= I2R I3 cos Ø

= R I2 I3 ((I12-I22-I32)/ 2.I2.I3) = (R/2) * (I12-I22-I32) (4)

From the above equation it can observed that, the power and power factor in an a.c circuit can
be measured by using 3-single phase ammeters, instead of a wattmeter.

Percentage Error = (Pcalculated-Wattemter Reading) / Wattemter Reading


I2
V
Ø Ɵ
I2

I1

I3

Phasor diagram of the above circuit.

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the variac at zero position before starting the experiment.
3. Switch on A.C supply.
4. By varying the variac set the voltmeter reading as supply voltage.
5. Vary the RL load to obtain different readings of ammeters, and wattmeter.
6. Repeat step 5 for different observations.
7. Set the variac at zero position and switch of supply.

Tabulation:

Sl.No. A1 in A2 in A3 in Pcalculated Wattmeter cos Ø


(amp) (amp) (amp) Reading*M.F
1
2
3
4

Calculation:
Calculate the value of P, cos Ø.

Percentage Error = (Pcalculated-Wattemter Reading) / Wattemter Reading

Precautions:
1. All connection should be proper and tight.
2. The zero setting of all the meters should be checked before connecting them in the
circuit.
3. The current through ammeter should never be allowed to exceed the current rating of
variac and load used.

Questions:
1. In an a.c. circuit which power is more apparent or real and why?
2. What is the basic difference between an inductive load and purely inductive load?
3. The practical loads are purely inductive or inductive?
4. What is load factor?

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