BS 644:2012

BSI Standards Publication

Licensed copy:Glasgow Caledonian University, 24/02/2016, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

Timber windows and

doorsets – Fully finished
factory-assembled windows
and doorsets of various
types – Specification

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

raising standards worldwide™

 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

Publishing and copyright information

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
© The British Standards Institution 2012
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012
ISBN 978 0 580 70985 2
ICS 91.060.50
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:
Committee references B/538/1 and B/538/2
Draft for comment 12/30218393 DC

Publication history
Licensed copy:Glasgow Caledonian University, 24/02/2016, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

First published as BS 644-1, January 1945; BS 644-2, November 1946

BS 644-3, August 1951
Second edition as BS 644-1, June 1951; BS 644-2, December 1958
Third edition as BS 644-1, January 1989
First published as BS 644, April 2003
Second edition as BS 644, February 2009
Third (present) edition as BS 644, December 2012

Amendments issued since publication

Date Text affected
 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

Contents
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 2
3 Terms and definitions 4
4 Handing 5
5 Components 5
6 Appearance and finish 8
7 Fabrication 9
8 Glazing 11
9 Use, cleaning and maintenance 11
10 Security 12
11 Safety in case of fire 12
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12 Safety in use 12
13 Weathertightness 12
14 Operation and strength characteristics 12
15 Hygiene, health and the environment 13
16 Acoustic performance 13
17 Energy conservation 13
18 Marking 13
Annexes
Annex A (informative) Guidance on the evaluation of conformity 14
Annex B (informative) Durability and recycling 15
Annex C (normative) Specification for handing 17
Annex D (informative) Guidance for specifiers 19
Bibliography 21
List of figures
Figure C.1 – UK drawing conventions for window types 18
Figure C.2 – UK drawing conventions for doorset types 19
List of tables
Table 1 – Maximum difference in length of diagonals 11

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,
pages 1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover.

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 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

Foreword
Publishing information
This British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence from
The British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 December 2012. It
was prepared by Subcommittee B/538/1, Windows, and B/538/2, Doors, under the
authority of Technical Committee B/538, Doors, windows, shutters, hardware and
curtain walling. A list of organizations represented on these committees can be
obtained on request to their secretary.

Supersession
This British Standard supersedes BS 644:2009, which is withdrawn.
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Relationship with other publications

The requirements for raw materials and properties are given in
BS EN 942:2007 and BS EN 14220:2006.
This British Standard is also related to the following other standards.
• BS EN 14351-1 is the harmonized European product standard for windows
and external pedestrian doorsets without resistance to fire and smoke
leakage characteristics. It gives a list of performance characteristics and
classifications of performance, but does not give guidance on determining
the appropriate classification for any specific application.
• BS 6375 is the national application document in the UK, giving performance
requirements and guidance for the selection of appropriate classes of
performance from BS EN 14351-1.
• The performance aspects in BS 6375 are referred to in BS 644.
• Guidance on the survey and installation of windows is given in BS 8213-4.

Information about this document

This is a full revision of the standard. The principal change is to the scope of the
standard, which has been expanded to cover external pedestrian doorsets.

Presentational conventions
The provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its
requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is
“shall”.
Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in
smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
obligations.

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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

1 Scope
This British Standard specifies requirements for the design, construction and
performance of fully finished and glazed factory-assembled timber windows and
external pedestrian doorsets of various types.
This British Standard applies to windows and doorsets that have been treated
with either opaque or non-opaque finishes or that are designed to support an
externally fixed covering of another material, and that have been
factory-glazed. It does not apply to windows or doorsets supplied as kits for site
assembly.
This British Standard does not apply to composite doorsets as defined in
BS 8529:2010, but does cover doorsets that are predominantly timber-framed
(stile and rail construction) with replaceable composite panels.
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It applies to windows and doorsets fabricated in a factory, to be installed

vertically (±15°) into the external face of buildings, as single or multi-light units,
or in coupled assemblies when appropriate, of the following types:
a) windows:
1) hinged: side-hung (open in or out), top-hung (open out), bottom-hung
(open in), tilt and turn or turn before tilt;
2) projecting: side-hung (open in, open out or reversible) and top-hung
(open out or reversible);
3) pivoted: horizontal and vertical (hung centrally or off-centre);
4) sliding: horizontal and vertical;
5) fixed light (direct glazed frames);
6) fixed casement;
7) parallel opening;
8) double opening French casement windows;
b) doorsets:
1) single leaf, single-swing or double-swing doors with or without side
lights and top lights;
2) double leaf, single-swing or double-swing doors with or without side
lights and top panels;
3) single track sliding doors;
4) single track sliding folding doors;
5) inward or outward opening doors.
It is applicable to assemblies in which any frame member is not longer than 3 m.
It does not apply to curtain walls that span across horizontal structural members
of floors but is applicable to windows or doorsets within a curtain walling
system.
It is applicable to assemblies up to the factory gate.
NOTE Guidance on the evaluation of conformity is given in Annex A. Guidance on
durability and recycling is given in Annex B.

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 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only
the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Standards publications
BS 1186-2, Timber for and workmanship in joinery – Part 2: Specification for
workmanship
BS 3987, Specification for anodic oxidation coatings on wrought aluminium for
external architectural applications
BS 4255-1, Rubber used in preformed gaskets for weather exclusion from
Licensed copy:Glasgow Caledonian University, 24/02/2016, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

buildings – Part 1: Specification for non-cellular gaskets

BS 4842, Specification for liquid organic coatings for application to aluminium
alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections for external architectural
purposes, and for the finish on aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed
sections coated with liquid organic coatings
BS 6100-1 (BS ISO 6707-1), Building and civil engineering – Vocabulary – Part 1:
General terms
BS 6100-12, Building and civil engineering – Vocabulary – Part 12: Plant,
equipment and persons
BS 6262-1, Glazing for buildings – Part 1: General methodology for the selection
of glazing
BS 6262-2, Glazing for buildings – Part 2: Code of practice for energy, light and
sound
BS 6262-3, Glazing for buildings – Part 3: Code of practice for fire, security and
wind loading
BS 6262-4, Glazing for buildings – Part 4: Code of practice for safety related to
human impact
BS 6262-7, Glazing for buildings – Part 7: Code of practice for the provision of
information
BS 6375-1, Performance of windows and doors – Part 1: Classification for
weathertightness and guidance on selection and specification
BS 6375-2, Performance of windows and doors – Part 2: Classification for
operation and strength characteristics and guidance on selection and
specification
BS 6375-3, Performance of windows and doors – Part 3: Classification for
additional performance characteristics and guidance on selection and
specification
BS 6496, Specification for powder organic coatings for application and stoving
to aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections for external
architectural purposes, and for the finish on aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet
and preformed sections coated with powder organic coatings
BS 7412, Specification for windows and doorsets made from unplasticized
polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) extruded hollow profiles
BS 8000-7, Workmanship on building sites – Part 7: Code of practice for glazing
BS 8529:2010, Composite doorsets – Domestic external doorsets – Specification
BS 8417, Preservation of wood – Code of practice

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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

BS EN 1991-1-4, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures – Part 1-4: General actions –

Wind actions
BS EN 204:2001, Classification of thermoplastic wood adhesives for
non-structural applications
BS EN 330, Wood preservatives – Field test method for determining the relative
protective effectiveness of a wood preservative for use under a coating and
exposed out-of-ground contact – L-joint method
BS EN 350-2:1994, Durability of wood and wood-based products – Natural
durability of solid wood – Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of
selected wood species of importance in Europe
BS EN 351-1:2007, Durability of wood and wood-based products –
Preservative-treated solid wood – Part 1: Classification of preservative
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penetration and retention

BS EN 485 (both parts), Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Sheet, strip and plate
BS EN 599-1:2009, Durability of wood and wood-based products – Efficacy of
preventive wood preservatives as determined by biological tests – Part 1:
Specification according to use class
BS EN 755-2:2008, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod, bar, tube
and profiles – Part 2: Mechanical properties
BS EN 755-9:2008, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles – Part 9: Profiles, tolerances on dimensions and form
BS EN 927-1, Paints and varnishes – Coating materials and coating systems for
exterior wood – Part 1: Classification and selection
BS EN 927-2:2006, Paints and varnishes – Coating materials and coating systems
for exterior wood – Part 2: Performance specification
BS EN 942:2007, Timber in joinery – General requirements
BS EN 951, Door leaves – Method for measurement of height, width, thickness
and squareness
BS EN 952, Door leaves – General and local flatness – Measurement method
BS EN 1279 (all parts), Glass in building – Insulating glass units
BS EN 1529:2000, Door leaves – Height, width, thickness and squareness –
Tolerance classes
BS EN 1530:2000, Door leaves – General and local flatness – Tolerance classes
BS EN 1670:2007, Building hardware – Corrosion resistance – Requirements and
test methods
BS EN 1982, Copper and copper alloys – Ingots and castings
BS EN 12020-1:2008, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded precision
profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063 – Part 1: Technical conditions for
inspection and delivery
BS EN 12020-2:2008, Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Extruded precision
profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063 – Part 2: Tolerances on
dimensions and form
BS EN 12165, Copper and copper alloys – Wrought and unwrought forging stock
BS EN 12206-1, Paints and varnishes – Coating of aluminium and aluminium
alloys for architectural purposes – Part 1: Coatings prepared from coating
powder

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 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

BS EN 12365-1, Building hardware – Gasket and weatherstripping for doors,

windows, shutters and curtain walling – Part 1: Performance requirements and
classification
BS EN 12420, Copper and copper alloys – Forgings
BS EN 12519, Windows and pedestrian doors – Terminology
BS EN 12608, Unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) profiles for the fabrication
of windows and doors – Classification, requirements and test methods
BS EN 13141-1, Ventilation for buildings – Performance testing of
components/products for residential ventilation – Part 1: Externally and
internally mounted air transfer devices
BS EN 13142, Ventilation for buildings – Components/products for residential
ventilation – Required and optional performance characteristics
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BS EN 13307-1, Timber blanks and semi-finished profiles for non-structural uses –

Part 1: Requirements
BS EN 13986, Wood-based panels for use in construction – Characteristics,
evaluation of conformity and marking
BS EN 14220:2006, Timber and wood-based materials in external windows,
external door leaves and external doorframes – Requirements and specifications
BS EN ISO 4042, Fasteners – Electroplated coatings
BS EN ISO 7599, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys – General specifications
for anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium
BS EN ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres – Salt spray tests
PD 6484, Commentary on corrosion at bimetallic contacts and its alleviation
Other publications
[N1]BRITISH WOODWORKING FEDERATION. Guide to the selection, application
and testing of end grain sealants for timber windows. BWF guide Note 18.
London: British Woodworking Federation, 2002.
[N2]KELLY, D.J. and GARVIN, S.L. Factory glazed windows. BRE Digest 497, Part 1.
Watford: Building Research Establishment, 2006.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitions given in
BS 6100-1, BS 6100-12, BS EN 12519 and the following apply.

3.1 casement
framed window light that is hinged, pivoted or fixed

3.2 fixing
component that is used to secure separate parts of a window or doorset
assembly to each other, to secure an item of hardware to a window part, or to
secure a completed window assembly into the structure of a building

3.3 glazing gasket

plastic or synthetic rubber member used between the glazing and the frame
and/or between the glazing and the glazing bead

3.4 hardware
device attached to a structural member to facilitate opening, closing or making
the product secure in the frame

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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

3.5 insulating glass unit

assembly consisting of at least two panes of glass, separated by one or more
spacers, hermetically sealed along the periphery, mechanically stable and
durable
NOTE Systems are available where the spacer and hermetic seal are included within
a single edge sealing system.
[SOURCE: BS EN 1279-1:2004, 3.1]

3.6 multi-light
window incorporating two or more lights, opening and/or fixed, within one
perimeter frame

3.7 range
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group of assemblies with defined limits of size, type, configuration, hardware,

glazing, construction and security features

3.8 sash
framed opening light that slides

3.9 ventilation device

ventilator other than an opening light incorporated into a window or doorset
NOTE 1 A permanent ventilation device provides continuous ventilation.
A controlled device can be closed and may be adjusted to provide ventilation.
NOTE 2 A ventilation device is referred to as an “air transfer device” in
BS EN 13142 and is frequently referred to as a “trickle ventilator” or “background
ventilator” in the UK.

3.10 weatherseal
resilient material designed to reduce air infiltration and water penetration
NOTE This is sometimes called a weatherstrip.

4 Handing
The handing shall be in accordance with the specification provided.
Where the manufacturer is specifying the handing, the specification shall
conform to Annex C.
NOTE 1 Where the manufacturer is not specifying the handing, care should be
taken to check the handing designation. See Annex C, Note to C.1.
NOTE 2 Further advice on window and doorset specification is given in Annex D.

5 Components
5.1 Timber
5.1.1 Quality
Timber shall be of a species classified as suitable for its purpose in accordance
with BS EN 942:2007, National Annex NA. The timber for window frames, door
frames, casements, sashes and door leaves shall be of the classes given in
BS EN 14220:2006, Table A.17, or better.
Timber blanks, sawn or planed part-finished profiles consisting of laminated or
solid material with or without butt joints or finger joints, shall conform to
BS EN 13307-1.

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 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

NOTE 1 Where for reasons of design or appearance a higher quality of timber is

required, the specifier should discuss these special requirements with the
manufacturer in respect of timber species and availability.
NOTE 2 BS EN 14220:2006, Table A.17 does not give a recommendation for the
minimum moisture content of components. However, to reduce the likelihood of
movement, components should not have a moisture content below 12%.

5.1.2 Preservation
The wood or wood-based components of a window or doorset shall either have
sufficient natural durability, or be preservative treated.
NOTE 1 The sapwood of any species will require preservative treatment.
The natural durability of wood or wood-based components of a window or
doorset to be used without preservative treatment shall be at least durability
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class 3 as defined in BS EN 350-2:1994.

NOTE 2 If it is desired to use a species not listed in BS EN 350-2:1994, its durability
can be established in accordance with BS EN 350-1.
Where the natural durability of the wood is class 4 or class 5 as defined in
BS EN 350-2:1994, or where sapwood is present:
a) for preservatives for use in penetrating processes achieving the efficacy
criteria for use class 3 coated in BS EN 599-1:2009, Table 3b, option 2, the
wood shall be preservative treated in accordance with BS 8417. For other
preservatives listed in BS 8417 as suitable for use class 3 coated, the wood
shall be preservative treated in accordance with BS 8417;
b) for preservatives for use in superficial processes achieving the efficacy
criteria for use class 3 coated in BS EN 599-1:2009, Table 3a, option 3, the
wood shall be preservative treated so as to achieve a penetration class NP1
(BS EN 351-1:2007) and a retention requirement of 1.5 times the critical
value. For field testing to BS EN 330, the preservative shall be applied using
the manufacturer’s proposed method of application, and the reference
preservative shall be applied by double vacuum.
The preservative process shall be such as to provide a minimum desired service
life of 30 years.
Any component or part of a component that is machined in a manner that
exposes untreated timber shall receive further treatment to ensure the
continuity of the preservative envelope.
NOTE 3 The long-term performance of a window or doorset depends not only on
the maintenance of the preservative envelope but on the maintenance of the
window or doorset as a whole (see Clause 9).
NOTE 4 Further information regarding the adjustment factors applied to the critical
value and the additional tests for efficacy can be found in BS EN 351-1:2007, 5.3 and
BS EN 599-1:2009, 5.2.

5.2 Composites
5.2.1 Timber/aluminium composites
If aluminium extrusions are used as cladding or part of the window or doorset
frame, they shall be fabricated from designated alloys EN AW-6060
or EN AW-6063 in tempers T5 or T6 conforming to BS EN 755-2:2008 and
BS EN 755-9:2008 or BS EN 12020-1:2008 and BS EN 12020-2:2008. They shall be
finished by anodizing conforming to BS 3987 or BS EN ISO 7599, with a liquid
organic coating conforming to BS 4842, or by a powder coating conforming to
BS 6496 or BS EN 12206-1.

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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

There shall be no direct contact between mill finish aluminium and oak, sweet
chestnut or western red cedar, as the acid content in the timbers can damage
the aluminium.
NOTE For a full description of the requirements for the selection, fabrication and
installation of aluminium windows and doorsets, see BS 4873.

5.2.2 Composites with other materials

Composite materials other than aluminium shall have suitable durability for use
as an external element when assessed using the relevant clauses from the
appropriate window and/or doorset product standards and related material
standards [e.g. BS EN 12608 and BS 7412 for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride
(PVC-U)].
NOTE Guidance on the suitability of different types of finish for various locations
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and environments is given in BS 6150.

5.3 Adhesives
Adhesives shall meet the requirements of BS EN 204:2001. The class of adhesive
shall be not less than BS EN 204:2001, type D3 for concealed or semi-concealed
joints or type D4 for exposed joints.

5.4 Glass
Glass thickness and type shall be selected using the recommendations given in
BS 6262-1, BS 6262-2, BS 6262-3, BS 6262-4 and/or BS 6262-7, as appropriate, to
withstand the design wind pressure calculated in accordance with BS 6375-1 or
BS EN 1991-1-4.
Insulating glass units shall conform to BS EN 1279.

5.5 Glazing gaskets and weatherseals

Glazing gaskets and weatherseals shall:
• conform to BS 4255-1 or BS EN 12365-1;
• be capable of easy replacement;
• be fitted securely in accordance with the supplier’s instructions;
• have a guaranteed life of 10 years;
• when supplied loose for site fixing, be supplied with appropriate fixing
information.
NOTE BS EN 12365-1 gives European test methods for evaluating gaskets and
weatherstripping, and DD 8455 provides advice on interpreting this standard for UK
use.

5.6 Hardware except for fixings

Metallic materials for all hardware, except for fixings as defined in 3.2, shall
have at least the equivalent corrosion resistance of BS EN 1670:2007, grade
(class) 3 (96 h) when subjected to a neutral salt spray test as specified in
BS EN ISO 9227. Tests shall be carried out on complete hardware items as
supplied.
NOTE 1 There is no direct correlation between a given number of hours salt spray
testing and real-time natural environment exposure.
NOTE 2 In certain coastal or industrial environments, austenitic stainless steel
hardware, conforming to BS EN 10088-2, is particularly suitable.
NOTE 3 Requirements and test methods for hardware materials are specified in
BS EN 13126.

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 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

Threaded components for hardware in an external environment shall be treated

in accordance with BS EN ISO 4042. Hardware components in an internal
environment shall be:
a) treated in accordance with BS EN ISO 4042; or
b) made of leaded brass conforming to BS EN 12165 and BS EN 12420; or
c) made of cast leaded gunmetal conforming to BS EN 1982.
NOTE 4 Materials meeting the requirements of either b) or c) are usually used for
more traditional internal fittings and might not be suitable in external
environments, e.g. fittings to double hung sash windows.
To minimize corrosion arising from electrolytic reaction, metals that are in
contact with each other shall only be used in combinations that have ratings 0
or 1 for atmospheric environments given in PD 6484 or are otherwise protected
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to prevent electrolytic reaction.

Steel fixings grade II shall not be used in the fixing of steel hardware grade I to
a window or doorset.
NOTE 5 Steel fixings grade I may be used with steel hardware grade II.
Hardware shall be:
• accessible for adjustment after the windows and/or doorsets have been
installed, if it has provision for adjustment;
• fixed with screws or other fixings in such a manner that splitting of the
timber components at the fixing is avoided;
• replaceable without removing the outer frame from the structure of the
building.

5.7 Fixings
All straps, clips, brackets, lugs, and similar fixing devices and their attendant
screws, bolts etc. shall be capable of meeting the applied wind and operational
loads, and shall have at least the equivalent corrosion resistance
of BS EN 1670:2007, grade (class) 3 (96 h) when subjected to a neutral salt spray
test as specified in BS EN ISO 9227.

5.8 Infill panels

Where wood-based infill is used, it shall conform to the appropriate
requirements of BS EN 13986.
Replaceable composite panels, when tested in accordance with BS 8529:2010,
Annex B, shall meet the assessment criteria specified in BS 8529:2010, B.5.
Materials used in replaceable composite panels shall where applicable conform
to the appropriate product standards, including:
• BS EN 12608 for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U);
• BS EN 485 for aluminium.

6 Appearance and finish

Timber windows and doorsets shall be supplied with the coating system applied
to all surfaces, including those surfaces which will be concealed by the
installation process. The coating system, which may be applied to components or
an assembled window or doorset, shall be applied in accordance with the
coating system manufacturer’s recommendations and prior to glazing and fitting
hardware.

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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

NOTE The moisture content of the timber prior to the application of the coating
system should typically not exceed 16%.
The minimum dry film thickness shall be either:
• as specified by the coating system manufacturer; or
• 120 µm on all weathered exposed or semi-concealed surfaces, and 60 µm on
all concealed surfaces.
The coating system shall include the use of an end grain sealer, which shall be
applied to all exposed and concealed end grain areas. The end grain sealer shall
be applied in line with the manufacturer’s recommendations and shall be shown
to meet or exceed the performance requirements set out in BWF guide
Note 18 [N1].
The coating system shall be selected in accordance with BS EN 927-1 and shall
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meet the criteria for stable end-use.

The coating system shall be assessed in accordance with BS EN 927-2:2006 and
shall meet the performance criteria for stable end-use under medium exposure
conditions. The coating shall also meet the requirements of the optional tests
within BS EN 927-2:2006, Table 2 for being mould-resistant.

7 Fabrication
7.1 Profile design
Windows and doorsets shall be designed to be glazed in accordance with
BS 8000-7.
The glazing rebate sizes and design shall be appropriate for the glazing and the
glazing method.
For drained and vented glazing systems, the profile shall be designed such that
water is prevented from accumulating anywhere within the rebate. Any
drainage channels shall be kept clear.
Unless otherwise agreed (see Note 1), exposed arrises shall be replaced with a
radius of not less than 3 mm to avoid thinning of the coating system.
NOTE 1 There might be circumstances where it is not acceptable to have a radius
of 3 mm, e.g. owing to planning considerations. Under these circumstances, a
smaller radius may be applied with the agreement of the coatings supplier.
Sills and sill nosings shall have a throat formed in their undersurface adjacent to
the front face to prevent water running back across the underside of the sill.
Sill members shall finish flush with the other main frame components.
When installed, sill nosings shall be designed to shed water away from the
window or doorset and over the construction below the window or doorset.
NOTE 2 Sill nosings may be in timber but should not exceed 100 mm in width to
avoid distortion or rapid deterioration of the coating system. Information to this
effect should be included with the manufacturer’s installation information
(see Clause 9).
The exposed top surfaces of horizontal members of frames, casements, sashes,
door leaves, sill nosings and glazing beads shall be profiled or angled, with a
slope of not less than one in eight (7°), to shed water from external surfaces.
The top surfaces of internal horizontal members of windows or doorsets shall,
where practicable, be profiled or angled to shed any water from condensation
or cleaning away from the internal face of the glass and the glazing rebate.

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 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

7.2 Workmanship
Workmanship shall be in accordance with BS 1186-2.

7.3 Construction
Timber members shall be cleanly and accurately machined and shall have a
surface finish suitable for the finishing system that is to be applied.
Nails, star dowels or other fixings used to secure joints in casements and sashes
shall be inserted from the inside, concealed or semi-concealed surface. All fixings
shall be punched below the surface of the timber members.
NOTE 1 Single small pins used to secure joints on casements and sashes may be
fixed externally.
Windows and doorsets shall be supplied without horns unless required by the
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specifier or the window or doorset style dictates.

Where sills or other frame, casement or sash members or members of door
leaves are formed by laminating two or more pieces of timber, any joint shall be
so positioned to ensure that its edges are located away from any point of severe
exposure to the weather.
Separate timber drips and timber sill nosings shall be fixed by glue or mastic,
preferably with mechanical fixing, through a concealed surface at the time of
manufacture.
NOTE 2 Mechanical fixings can be concealed by plugs or suitable filler.
Bottom glazing beads shall be full width.
NOTE 3 Mitred beads are only acceptable on windows, door frames or door leaves:
• with a drained and ventilated glazing system; or
• with small panes where the cut ends of the beads have been end sealed; or
• where the beading is fitted internally.

7.4 Ventilation devices

Ventilation devices shall not permit the penetration of moisture into the profile.
NOTE Conformity to this requirement is determined by visual examination.

7.5 Hardware
Hardware shall be replaceable without removing the outer frame from the
structure of the building.
NOTE Conformity to this requirement is determined by visual examination.

7.6 Tolerances
7.6.1 Windows and door frames
7.6.1.1 The overall height and width of the finished window or door frame shall
not differ from the work size by more than ±2 mm.
NOTE Work size is the overall size of the frame measured at the factory gate and
at a moisture content of (16 ± 3)%.

7.6.1.2 The head, jambs, sill, transoms and mullions of the window or door
frame shall not deviate from straightness in either the plane of the window or
door, or at right angles to the plane, by more than the following amounts:
a) 3 mm for lengths not greater than 1 200 mm;

10 • © The British Standards Institution

 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

b) 5 mm for lengths between 1 200 mm and 2 400 mm;

c) as agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser for lengths in
excess of 2 400 mm.

7.6.1.3 Notwithstanding the provisions of 7.6.1.2, any deviation from

straightness in the plane of the window or door frame of framing members to
individual glazed areas shall not exceed the tolerances given in 7.6.1.1.

7.6.1.4 The difference in length of the diagonals of the outer frames shall not
exceed that given in Table 1.
Table 1 Maximum difference in length of diagonals

Dimensions in millimetres
Frame width plus height Difference
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Up to 1 800 3
Over 1 800 up to 3 000 5

7.6.1.5 Casements and sashes shall not be distorted, nor deviate from shape to
an extent that prevents the correct function of the glazing system, the
weatherseals or the hardware.

7.6.2 Door leaves

7.6.2.1 The height, width, thickness and squareness of a door leaf shall be
measured in accordance with BS EN 951 and classified in accordance with
BS EN 1529:2000. Unless specified otherwise, door leaves shall achieve tolerance
class 2 as specified in BS EN 1529:2000, Table 1.

7.6.2.2 The flatness of a door leaf shall be measured in accordance with

BS EN 952 and classified in accordance with BS EN 1530:2000. Unless specified
otherwise, door leaves shall achieve tolerance class 3 as specified in
BS EN 1529:2000, Table 1 for general flatness, and tolerance class 2 as specified
in BS EN 1529:2000, Table 1 for local flatness.

8 Glazing
Glazing shall be fitted to windows and doorsets in accordance with the
recommendations given in BS 8000-7 and BRE Digest 497 Part 1 [N2].
NOTE 1 Although BS 8000-7 is for workmanship on building sites, the systems that
it identifies are equally applicable for factory-glazed windows and doorsets.
NOTE 2 Bead glazing and flexible glazing systems are generally required when
exterior stain finishes are used, and should always be used with insulating glass
units.

9 Use, cleaning and maintenance

Guidance on the installation, use, cleaning, maintenance, handling and storage
of timber windows and doorsets, including information on sill nosings (see
Note 2 to 7.1), shall be provided by the manufacturer.
NOTE Guidance on installation is given in BS 8213-4.

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 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

10 Security
NOTE Guidance on security against crime is given in BS 8220.

10.1 Basic security

When a completed window or doorset is subjected to the basic security test
specified in BS 6375-3, it shall not be possible to gain entry.

10.2 Enhanced security

When enhanced security is required, windows and doorsets shall conform to
BS 6375-3.

11 Safety in case of fire

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11.1 Fire resistance

Where fire resistance forms part of the requirements, it shall be declared in
accordance with BS 6375-3.

11.2 Reaction to fire

Where reaction to fire forms part of the requirements, it shall be declared in
accordance with BS 6375-3.

12 Safety in use
12.1 General
It shall not be possible for any opening light or door leaf to become accidentally
dislodged from the frame when the window or doorset is being operated.
NOTE 1 BS 6375-2 specifies performance requirements for the strength of windows
and doorsets based on a series of mechanical tests that check the integrity of the
frame.
NOTE 2 BS 8213-1 gives guidance on the safety in use and in cleaning of windows.

12.2 Impact resistance

Where impact resistance forms part of the requirements, it shall be declared in
accordance with BS 6375-2.

12.3 Safety devices

Any safety devices shall conform to the requirements specified in BS 6375-2.

13 Weathertightness
Weathertightness shall be declared in accordance with BS 6375-1.

14 Operation and strength characteristics

Operation and strength characteristics shall be declared in accordance with
BS 6375-2.

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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

15 Hygiene, health and the environment

NOTE 1 This clause is relevant to Essential Requirement 3 of the Construction
Products Directive [1].
NOTE 2 There is a requirement in BS EN 14351-1 for the manufacturer to declare if
there is a risk of any potentially dangerous substances being released from the
window or doorset during normal intended use.
NOTE 3 Ventilation requirements are set out in the UK national building
regulations [2–4].
The performance of any ventilation device (see 3.9) mounted within the window
or doorset shall be classified in accordance with BS EN 13142 when tested in
accordance with BS EN 13141-1.
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16 Acoustic performance
When specified, acoustic performance shall be declared in accordance with
BS 6375-3.

17 Energy conservation
The U value shall be declared in accordance with BS 6375-3.
NOTE Window and doorset energy ratings are outside the scope of this standard.

18 Marking
Each window or doorset shall be identified with the following information:
a) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 644:2012 1);
b) claimed performance classifications;
c) the name or trade mark of the manufacturer or other means of identifying
the manufacturer; and
d) means of traceability.
The identification shall be affixed:
• to any suitable part of the product; or
• on an attached label; or
• on its packaging; or
• on the accompanying commercial documents; or
• on the manufacturer’s website; or
• in the manufacturer’s published technical specifications.

1)
Marking BS 644:2012 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer’s
declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the
product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely
the claimant’s responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party
certification of conformity.

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 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

Annex A Guidance on the evaluation of conformity

(informative)
A.1 Selection of samples for type approval
When considering a product range of windows or doorsets for testing and
approval with a view to selecting representative samples, the following aspects
should be taken into account:

a) windows:
1) size of the window:
i) largest area top-hung with the widest width;
ii) largest area side-hung with the tallest height;
iii) maximum area fixed light;
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iv) maximum area multi-light frame with the longest continuous

mullion/transom;
v) maximum area tilt and turn or turn before tilt;
vi) maximum area tilt and turn or turn before tilt multi-light with
longest continuous mullion or transom;
viii) largest area vertical pivot with tallest height;
NOTE 1 If an offset pivot is available, this should be selected instead of a
centre pivot. A centre pivot window should be selected to represent
windows with an opening ratio of two thirds to one third.
ix) maximum area horizontal slider with the tallest height;
x) maximum area vertical slider with longest length;
b) doorsets:
1) i) largest area door leaf (leaves) of tallest height;
ii) largest area door leaf (leaves) of widest width;
2) size of door frame:
i) tallest door frame with longest continuous mullion;
ii) widest door frame with longest continuous transom;
iii) largest area side light;
iv) largest area top light;
c) general:
1) classification under weathertightness and mechanical testing;
NOTE 2 This will be affected by the size of products tested. The effects of
loading will generally be greater on components of greater size. A product
range can be given more than one rating according to the size of components
used.
2) internal/external beaded systems;
3) glazing – single, double or triple glazed – consider the window or
doorset having the thinnest glass with the maximum area for the wind
loading classification being considered (if applicable);
4) single or multi-point locking and various systems;
NOTE 3 When considering single lights with multi-point locking systems, take
the greatest value of opening perimeter divided by the total number of locking
points.

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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

5) hingeing systems/suppliers;
6) other hardware used to support the weathertightness/mechanical
performance.

A.2 Testing schedule

Type tests in accordance with this British Standard should be carried out initially
(i.e. at first assessment of the range) and at significant changes to the window
or doorset construction.

Annex B Durability and recycling

(informative)
General
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B.1
The durability of timber windows and doorsets is affected by the following
factors:
• the specification of the framing material;
• the ambient atmosphere, i.e. coastal, industrial, etc.;
• the conditions of use/abuse, frequency of operation;
• the specification of the components used in the manufacture;
• the quality of manufacture and assembly;
• the quality of installation;
• maintenance and replacement of components.
Because of these variables, actual performance can vary in use such that any
figures given for service life can only be general estimates. Such figures bear no
relationship to warranties given by the manufacturer(s).
A window or doorset is considered to have failed when it is no longer possible
to repair or replace timber components or hardware, and the physical integrity
has been lost.

B.2 Components
B.2.1 Timber sections
Timber windows and doorsets manufactured in accordance with this British
Standard are capable of a very long service life and can be expected to last in
excess of the 35 years given in the Building Research Establishment Green guide
to specification [5]. Correctly maintained timber windows and doorsets have
been in use for at least 100 years.
The Green guide to specification [5] uses a reference service life (RSL) of at
least 35 years.

B.2.2 Insulating glass units (IGU)

Insulating glass units manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1279 can last in
excess of 20 years if they are correctly glazed into the frame. Insulating glass
units can be replaced without removing the outer frame from the fabric of the
building.

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 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

B.2.3 Glazing gaskets and weatherseals

Over time, the performance of glazing gaskets and weatherseals can decline and
they might need replacing after 10 to 20 years. This can be done without
removing the window or doorset from the fabric of the building. While it might
prove impossible or impractical to replace glazing gaskets and weatherseals with
exact replicas, most gasket manufacturers carry a sufficiently wide range to
ensure that a near match can be achieved that enables the performance of the
window or doorset to be maintained.

B.2.4 Hardware and fixings

Hardware and fixings are available in many shapes, sizes and performance levels,
however some hardware can be specific to a manufacturer or a window or
doorset design. Subject to filling of the original holes, the introduction of
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replacement hardware on timber windows and doorsets is relatively easy to

carry out.
Hardware is generally designed and supplied to perform a particular function at
a specific performance level. Many items are unique to a system and even a
profile, so care needs to be taken when ordering replacements, particularly
when a product has been discontinued. Always choose hardware made from
materials that can cope with the actual conditions: for example, marine,
swimming pool and some industrial environments are more demanding and
higher grade materials, such as austenitic stainless steel, and enhanced finishes
are recommended.
Fixings should be correctly chosen with due note taken of the environment and
their intended usage.

B.3 Installation and maintenance

Correct installation is essential in ensuring adequate weather performance.
BS 8213-4 gives guidance on the survey and installation of windows and
doorsets in dwellings, but the principles are valid for most types of buildings.
Regular maintenance in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations
will ensure that product performance, appearance and durability are maximized
(see Clause 9).

B.4 Sequence of work on site

The sequence of work on site should be considered as the storage and
protection of windows and doorsets before installation are important. The
manufacturer’s recommendations should be followed (see Clause 9).

B.5 Recycling
Timber, glass, gaskets and weatherseals made from natural and synthetic
vulcanized rubbers or thermoplastics, and the metallic components from a
timber window or doorset, can be recycled. Aluminium from timber/aluminium
composite windows and doorsets can be recycled; other materials used in
composite window and doorsets might be recyclable.

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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

Annex C Specification for handing

(normative)
C.1 View
When specifying handing, the window or doorset shall be viewed from the
outside.
NOTE Drawing conventions for window and doorset types are illustrated in
Figure C.1 and Figure C.2. The European designations (BS EN 12519) are significantly
different and care should be taken to establish which is being used.

C.2 Side-hung windows

The handing of side-hung windows or doorsets shall be described by the hinge
position when viewed from outside.
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NOTE For instance, a window viewed from the outside with the hinges on the left,
is a left-hand window.

C.3 Vertically pivoted windows

For windows pivoted vertically off-centre, the handing shall be described by the
pivot position in relation to the portion opening out. The proportion opening
outwards shall be stated.

C.4 Multi-lights
The handing of a multi-light shall be clearly described when viewed from
outside.
NOTE A drawing or diagram is useful.

© The British Standards Institution • 17

 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

Figure C.1 UK drawing conventions for window types

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18 • © The British Standards Institution

 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

Figure C.2 UK drawing conventions for doorset types

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Annex D Guidance for specifiers

(informative)
D.1 General
Different types of window and doorset conforming to this British Standard
might have widely differing performance and installation criteria. Specifiers
should be aware of the variables when selecting windows and doorsets, and the
notes in this annex are set out to provide basic guidance.

D.2 Degree of exposure

The general guidance on selection and specification of windows and doorsets
given in BS 6375-1 should be followed.

D.3 Safety of windows in use and during cleaning

Guidance on the safety of windows and doorsets in use and during cleaning is
given in BS 8213-1.

D.4 Glazing
Recommendations for the use of safety glazing in relation to human impact are
given in BS 6262-4.
Recommendations for the use of safety glazing in relation to protection from
falling (safety barriers) are given in BS 6180.

D.5 Exterior finish

The type of finish specified can affect the following:
• the quality and possibly the species of timber specified (see Clause 5);
• the type of factory-applied finishes;
• the method of glazing.
When selecting the finishing materials for external joinery, consideration should
be given to the choice of colour, since this can affect heat gain and ultraviolet
resistance.
Dark colours absorb more solar heat than light ones. Black finishes can be up
to 30 °C hotter than white ones when subjected to direct sunlight on an average
summer day, which can result in resin bleed or excessive drying and cracking of
the wood. Selection of knot-free timber will reduce the possibility of extractive
staining.

© The British Standards Institution • 19

 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD

Pale-coloured semi-transparent stains might not give sufficient protection

against ultraviolet light, resulting in discoloration and degradation of the timber
surfaces under the stain.
Bead glazing and flexible glazing systems are generally required when exterior
stain finishes are used, and should always be used with insulating glass units.

D.6 Security
The basic hardware provided by manufacturers varies, and some manufacturers
offer additional security locks as optional items. If such items are required and
are not offered by the manufacturer, the specifier should check the suitability of
the window or doorset to receive them. Recommendations on window and
doorset security are included in BS 8220-1 and BS 8220-2.
Windows and doorsets requiring an enhanced security performance may be
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tested in accordance with Clause 10.

20 • © The British Standards Institution

 BRITISH STANDARD BS 644:2012

Bibliography
Standards publications
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
BS 4873, Aluminium alloy windows and doorsets – Specification
BS 6150, Painting of buildings – Code of practice
BS 6180, Barriers in and about buildings – Code of practice
BS 8213-1, Windows, doors and rooflights – Part 1: Design for safety in use and
during cleaning of windows, including door-height windows and roof
windows – Code of practice
Licensed copy:Glasgow Caledonian University, 24/02/2016, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI

BS 8213-4, Windows, doors and rooflights – Part 4: Code of practice for the
survey and installation of windows and external doorsets
BS 8220 (all parts), Guide for security of buildings against crime
BS EN 350-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products – Natural durability
of solid wood – Part 1: Guide to the principles of testing and classification of
natural durability of wood
BS EN 10088-2, Stainless steels – Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and
strip of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
BS EN 13126 (all parts), Building hardware – Hardware for windows and door
height windows – Requirements and test methods
BS EN 14351-1, Windows and pedestrian doorsets – Product standard,
performance characteristics – Part 1: Windows and external pedestrian doorsets
without resistance to fire and/or smoke leakage characteristics 2)
DD 8455, Materials for gaskets and weatherstripping for windows, doors,
conservatories and curtain walling – Requirements and test methods
Other publications
[1] EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. 89/106/EEC. Council Directive 89/106/EEC
of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations and
administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction
products. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities, 1988.
[2] GREAT BRITAIN. Building Regulations 2010. London: The Stationery Office.
[3] GREAT BRITAIN. Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004. Edinburgh: The
Stationery Office.
[4] GREAT BRITAIN. Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000. Belfast:
The Stationery Office.
[5] ANDERSON, Jane, SHIERS, David E., and SINCLAIR, Mike. The green guide to
specification. Third edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002.
ISBN 0 632 05961 3. 3)

2)
Parts 2 and 3 are currently in preparation.
3)
The Green Guide is available and kept up to date in an online version on the website
www.thegreenguide.org.uk.

© The British Standards Institution • 21

 BS 644:2012 BRITISH STANDARD
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