➢ JAMES JOYCE
- He was born in Dublin in 1882 and educated at Jesuit schools → he rebelled against the
Catholic Church
→ He wasn't interested in political movements, whose objective was freeing Ireland from
England; he believed that the only way was to offer a realistic portrait of its life from a European,
cosmopolitan viewpoint.
1914: Dubliners, a collection of short stories about Dublin and its life
1922: Ulysses (he had a very hard time publishing this book)
→ DUBLIN, key palace, most of his works are placed here
His Dublin was not a fixed and static Dublin → he offer a sense of what life in the city was like
using different historical times for the stories and varied styles
⇒ Joyce effort was to give a realistic portrait of the life of ordinary people doing ordinary things
and living ordinary lives
•He is one of the greatest representatives of modernism:
- The artist's task is to render life objectively in order to give the reader a true image of it
- There is not an omniscient narrator → facts are presented simultaneously from different
perspectives
- He collects and analyses impressions and thoughts caused by an outer event in the
inner world of the character.
- His stories open in medias res with the analysis of a particular moment.
- The portraits of the characters are based on introspection and not descriptions.
- All facts are explored from different points of view simultaneously.
- He gave importance to the inner world of characters.
- Time is subjective
+ Joyce style and language develop from the realism of Dubliners through an analysis of the
characters’ impressions and points of view, through the use of free direct speech to the interior
monologue with two levels of narration, up to the extreme interior monologue ⇒ language
breaks down to a succession of words without punctuation or grammatical connections