Chap 1

1
Real Numbers
CHAPTER Page
1
REAL NUMBERS

SUMMARY ONE MARK QUESTIONS

1. Algorithm : An algorithm means a series of well
defined step which gives a procedure for solving a MULTIPLe CHOICe QUesTIONs
type of problem.
1. The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime-
2. Lemma : A lemma is a proven statement used for factorisation of 196 is
proving another statement.
(a) 3 (b) 4
3. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic : Every
composite number can be expressed (factorised) as (c) 5 (d) 2
a product of primes and this factorisation is unique Anns : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.
4. If p is prime number and p divides a2, then p divides Prime factors of 196,
a , where a is a positive integer. 196 = 4 # 49
5. If x be any rational number whose decimal expansion
p = 22 # 72
terminates, then we can express x in the qform ,
p and
where are co-prime and the prime factorisation of The sum of exponents of prime factor is 2 + 2 = 4.
qq is of the form 2n # 5m, where n and m are non- Thus (b) is correct option.
negative integers.
6. Let x = q p be a rational number such n
thatm the prime 2. The total number of factors of prime number is
factorisation of q is not of the form 2 # 5 , where n
and m are non-negative integers, then x has a (a) 1 (b) 0
decimal expansion which terminates. (c) 2 (d) 3
7. Let x = q p be a rational number such that the prime Anns : [Board 2020 Delhi
Standard]
factorisation of q is not of the form 2n # 5m, where
n and m are non-negative integers, then x has a There are only two factors (1 and number
decimal expansion which is non-terminating repeating itself) of any prime number.
(recurring).
Thus (c) is correct option.
8. For any two positive integers p and q , HCF ^p, qh
LCM ^p, qh = p #
# 3. The HCF and the LCM of 12, 21, 15 respectively are
q. (a) 3, 140 (b) 12, 420
9. For any three positive integers p, q and r ,
p # q # r # HCF^p, q, r (c) 3, 420 (d) 420, 3
LCM ^p, q, r
HCF^p, qh # HCF^q, r h # Anns : [Board 2020 Delhi
h= HCF^p, rh Standard]
^
p # q # r # LCM p, q, r We have 12 = 2 # 2 # 3
HCF ^p, q, r h LCM^p, qh # LCM^q, rh # 21 = 3
= LCM^p, rh
# 7
15 = 3 # 5
HCF(12, 21, 15) = 3
LCM (12, 21, 15) = 2 # 2 # 3 # 5 # 7 = 420
Thus (c) is correct option.
Page 2 Real Numbers Chap 1

11
4. The decimal representation of will (c) 6 (d)
23 # 5
12 [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
(a) terminate after 1 decimal place
Anns :
(b) terminate after 2 decimal place
Using prime factorization method,
(c) terminate after 3 decimal places 144 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 3 # 3
(d) not terminate = 24 # 32
Anns : [Board 2020 SQP
Standard] and 198 = 2 # 3 # 3 # 11

We have
11 = 2 # 32 # 11
= 2311
#
23 # HCF(144, 198) = 2 # 32 = 2 # 9 = 18
51
5
11
Denominator 2 #
3 is of the form 2m # 5n , where
of 5
11
m , n are non- negative integers. 2 # has
3 Thus (b) is correct option.
Hence, 5

terminating decimal expansion.

Now 11 8. 225 can be expressed as

23 # = 211
5 #5
5 23 # (a) 5 # 32 (b) 52 # 3
2 2
52 (c) 5 # 3 (d) 53 # 3
=
0.275
= 11 # 52 = 11 #
25
23 # 53 103 Anns : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

So , it will terminate after 3 decimal places. By prime factorization of 225, we have

Thus (c) is correct option. 225 = 3 # 3 # 5 # 5
5. The LCM of smallest two digit composite number and = 32 # 52 or 52 # 32
smallest composite number is
Thus (c) is correct option.
(a) 12 (b) 4
(c) 20 (d) 44 23
9. The decimal expansion 25 # will terminate after
of 52

Anns : [Board 2020 SQP how many places of decimal?

Standard] (a) 2 (b) 4
Smallest two digit composite number is 10 and (c) 5 (d) 1
smallest composite number is 4. Anns : [Board 2020 OD Basic]
LCM (10, 4) = 20
Thus (c) is correct option. 23 23 # 53
=
25 # 25 # 52 # 53
6. HCF of two numbers is 27 and their LCM is 162. If 52
one of the numbers is 54, then the other number is
= 23 # 125
25 # 55=
2875
(a) 36 (b) 35
(10)5
(c) 9 (d) 81 2875
= = 0.02875
Anns : [Board 2020 OD Hence, 23 100000
places.
Basic] 25 # will terminate after 5 five decimal
Let y be the second number. 52

Since, product of two numbers is equal to product of Thus (c) is correct option.
LCM and HCM, The 14587
54 y = LCM HCF 10. decimal expansion of the rational number
Page 2 Real Numbers Chap 1
# # 1250
will terminate after
54 # y = 162 # (a) one decimal place (b) two decimal places
27
y = 81 (c) three decimal places (d) four decimal places
= 162 # Anns : [Board 2020 Delhi
27 Standard]
54
Thus (b) is correct option.
Rational number,
7. HCF of 144 and 198 is
(a) 9 (b) 18 14587 = 14587 = 14587 23
#
1250 21 # 21 # 54 23
54
 Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 3

= 14587 # (d) 2m + 1
8 = 116696 (c) 2m
24 # 54 (10)4
Anns :
= 11.6696
We know that even integers are 2, 4, 6, ...
Hence, given rational number will terminate after four So, it can be written in the form of 2m where m is
decimal places. a integer.
Thus (d) is correct option. m = ..., − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
2m = ..., − 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, ...
No Need to Buy any Question Bank or Sample Chapter Thus (c) is correct option.
From Market. Download Free PDF of all Study 15. For some integer q , every odd integer is of the form
Material from (a) q (b) q + 1
(c) 2q (d) 2q + 1
11. 2.35 is Anns :
(a) an integer (b) a rational number
We know that odd integers are 1, 3, 5, ...
(c) an irrational number (d) a natural number
So, it can be written in the form of 2q + 1 where q is
Anns : [Board 2020 Delhi integer.
Basic]

2.35 is a rational number because it is a non q = ..., − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

terminating repeating decimal.
2q + 1 = ..., − 3, − 1, 1, 3, 5, 7, ...
Thus (b) is correct option.
Thus (d) is correct option.
12. 2 3 is
(a) an integer (b) a rational number 16. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3y2
(c) an irrational number (d) a whole number and b = xy3, where x , y are prime numbers, then
HCF a,^ b is
Anns : [Board 2020 OD
(a) xy (b) xy2
Basic]

Let us assume that 2 is 3a rational number. (c) x3y3 (d) x2y2

Now 2 3 = r where r is rational number Anns :

r
or 3 = We have a = x3y2 = x # x # x # y # y
2
b = xy3 = x # y # y # y
Now, we know that 3 is an irrational
number, So, 2r has to be irrational to HCF(a , b ) = HCF^x3y3, xy3h
make
the equation true. This is a contradiction to
our assumption. Thus, our assumption is wrong and = x # y # y = xy2
2 3 is an irrational number. HCF is the product of the smallest power of each
Thus (c) is correct option. common prime factor involved in the numbers.
Thus (b) is correct option.
13. The product of a non-zero rational and an irrational
number is 17. If two positive integers p and q can be expressed as
(a) always irrational (b) always rational p = ab2 and q = a3b ; where a , b being prime
(c) rational or irrational (d) one numbers, then
^ LCM p, q is equal to
(a) ab (b) a2b2
Anns :
(c) a3b2 (d) a3b3
Product of a non-zero rational and an
irrational number is always irrational i.e., Anns :
3
# = 3 2 which is irrational. 2
2
4 4 We have p = ab = a # b # b
Thus (a) is correct option. q
and
 Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 3
= a3b = a # a # a # b
14. For some integer m , every even integer is of the form
LCM( p , q ) = LCM^ab2, a3bh
(a) m (b) m + 1
Page 4 Real Numbers Chap 1

= a # b # b # a = a3b2 = 2520
# a
LCM is the product of the greatest power of each Thus (d) is correct option.
prime factor involved in the numbers.
Thus (c) is correct option.

18. The values of x and y in the given figure are

20. If p1 and p2 are2 two2 odd prime numbers such that

p1 > p2, then p - p is
1 2

(a) an even number (b) an odd number

(c) an odd prime number (d) a prime number
Anns :

p 2 - p 2 is an even number.
1 2
(a) 7, 13 (b) 13, 7
(c) 9, 12 (d) 12, 9 Let us take p1 = 5
Anns : and p2 = 3
Then, p 12 - p2 2 = 25 − 9 = 16
1001 = x # 143 * x = 7

143 = y # 11 * y = 16 is an even number.

13 Thus (a) is correct option.
Hence x =7,y= p
21. The rational form of 0.254 is in the form of then
13
Thus (a) is correct option. q
^p + qh is
19. The least number that is divisible by all the numbers
from 1 to 10 (both inclusive) (a) 14 (b) 55
(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 69 (d) 79
(c) 504 (d) 2520 Anns :
Anns :
Let, x = 0.254, then
Factor of 1 to 10 numbers
x = 0.2545454.............................(1)
1=1 Multiplying equation (1) by 100, we get
2 =1# 2
100x = 25.4545.................................(2)
3 =1# 3 Subtracting equation (1) from equation. (2), we get
4 =1# 2# 99x = 25.2 * x = 14
= 55
2 252
990
q
5 =1# 5 p
Comparing with , we get
6 =1# 2#
3

7 =1# 7 p = 14
8=1# 2# 2 and q = 55
# 2
Hence, p + q = 14 + 55 = 69
9 =1# 3# 3
Alternatiie :
Page 4 Real Numbers Chap 1
10 = 1 # 2 # 254 − 2 252 14
5

LCM(1 to 10) = LCM ^1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0.254 = =

990 990 55
10h =

=1# 2# 2# 3# 3# 5 Thus (c) is correct option.

# 7
Chap 1 Real Numbers

22. The rational number of the form

3125 = 5 = 5 # 2
5 5 0
, q C 0, p
p

and
q
q are positive integers, which represents 0.134 i.e.,
512 = 2 = 2 # 5
9 9 0
(0.1343434............) is
134
200 = 2 # 5
3 2
134
(a) (b) Thus 3125, 512 and 200 has factorization of the form
999 990
133 133 2m # 5n (where m and n are whole numbers). So
(c) (d) given fractions has terminating decimal expansion.
999 990
Anns : Thus (d) is correct option.
134 −
0.134 = 133 26. The number 313 - 310 is divisible by
990 = 990
1 (a) 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 10
(c) 2, 3 and 10 (d) 2, 3 and 13
Thus (d) is correct option.
23. Which of the following will have a terminating Anns :
decimal expansion?
(a) 77 (b) 23 13 = 310(33 − 1) = 310(26)
210 30 310 -
3
= 2 # 13 # 310
(c) 125 (d) 23 Hence, 3 - 3 is divisible by 2, 3 and 13.
13 10

441 8
Anns : Thus (d) is correct option.

27. 1. The L.C.M. of x and 18 is 36.

For terminating decimal expansion, denominator
must the form of 2 # 5 where n, m are non-
m n 2. The H.C.F. of x and 18 is 2.
negative integers. What is the number x ?
Here, (a) 1 (b) 2
23 = 23
8 23 (c) 3 (d) 4
Here only 2 is factor of denominator so terminating. Anns :
Thus (d) is correct option. LCM # HCF = First number # second
24. If x = 0.7 , then 2x is 36
number Hence, required number
18 =
# 2=4

(a) 1.4 (b) 1.5 Thus (d) is correct option.

(c) 1.54 (d) 1.45 28. If a = 23 # 3, b = 2 # 3 # 5, c = 3n # and
5
Anns : LCM (a, b, c) = 23 # 32 # 5, then n is
(a) 1 (b) 2
We have x = 0.7
(c) 3 (d) 4
10x = 7.7 Anns :
Subtracting, 9x = 7 Value of n must be 2.
x 7 Thus (b) is correct option.
=
9
29. The least number which is a perfect square and is
2 14
x = = 1.555 .......... divisible by each of 16, 20 and 24 is
9
(a) 240 (b) 1600
= (c) 2400 (d) 3600
1.5

25. Which of the following rational number have non- terminating repeating decimal expansion?
Chap 1 Real Numbers
Anns : The LCM of 16, 20 and 24 is 240. The least multiple
(a) 31 of 240 that is a perfect square is 3600 and also we can
(b) 71
3125 512 easily eliminate choices (a) and (c) since they are not
(c) 23 (d) None of these perfect square number. 1600 is not multiple of 240.
200 Thus (d) is correct option.
Anns :
 Real Numbers Chap 1

30. n2 - 1 is divisible by 8, if n is (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
(a) an integer (b) a natural number reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
(c) an odd integer (d) an even integer assertion (A).
Anns : (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Let, a =n − 2
Anns :
1
For n2 - 1 to be divisible by 8 (even number), n2 -
3125 = 5 = 5 # 2
5 5 0
1 We have
should be even. It means n2 should be odd i.e. n
should be odd. Since the factors of the denominator 3125
If n is odd, n = 2k + 1 where k is an integer is of the form 20 # 55, 3125
13
is a terminating
decimal
2
a = ^2k + 1h − 1 Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason
(R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A)
= 4k2 + 4k + 1 − 1
Thus (a) is correct option.
= 4k2 + 4k
33. Ansnsertion : 34.12345 is a terminating decimal fraction.
a = 4k^k + 1h Reanson : Denominator of 34.12345, when expressed
At k =− 1, a = 4^− 1h^− 1 + 1h = 0 in the form q p , q C 0, is of the form 2m # 5n ,
where

which is divisible by 8. m and n are non-negative integers.

At k = 0, a = 4^0h + ^0 + 1h = 0 (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
which is divisible by 8. (A).
Hence, we can conclude from above two cases, if n is
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
odd, then n2 - 1 is divisible by 8.
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Thus (c) is correct option. assertion (A).
31. When 2256 is divided by 17 the remainder would be (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(a) 1 (b) 16 (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(c) 14 (d) None of these Anns :
Anns : (a) 1
34.12345 = 3412345 = 682469 = 682469
256
When 2 is divided by 17 then, 100000 20000 25 # 54
Its denominator is of the form 2m # 5n , where
2256 (24 4)64 m = 5 and n = 4 which are non-negative
2 +1
4
= (2 + 1) integers.
By remainder theorem when f (x) is divided by x + Thus both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
a reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
the remainder is f (- a).
Here, Thus (a) is correct option.
f (x) = (24)64 and x = 24 and a = 1
Hence, remainder f (- 1) = (− 1)64 = 1
34. Ansnsertion : The HCF of two numbers is 5 and their
Thus (a) is correct option. product is 150, then their LCM is 30
Reanson : For any two positive integers a and b,
HCF ^ a, b + LCM a, b = a # b .
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
13 (A).
32. Ansnsertion : is a terminating decimal fraction.
3125 (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
Reanson : If q = 2mwhere m, n are non-negative reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
5n
integers, then qp is a terminating decimal fraction. assertion (A).
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(A).
Anns : (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
 Chap 1 Real Numbers

We have,
LCM^a, bh # HCF^a, bh = a
# b Very SHOrT ANswer QUesTIONs

LCM # 5 = 150 43. What is the HCF of smallest primer number and the
15030 smallest composite number?
LCM = = 5
Anns : [Board 2018]
Thus (c) is correct option. Smallest prime number is 2 and smallest composite
FILL IN THe BLaNK QUesTIONs number is 4. HCF of 2 and 4 is 2.

35. If every positive even integer is of the form 2q , then

every positive odd integer is of the form............., where 44. Write one rational and one irrational
q is some integer. number lying between 0.25 and 0.32.
Anns : Anns : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
2q + 1 Given numbers are 0.25 and 0.32.
Clearly 30 3
36. The exponent of 2 in the prime factorisation of 144, is 0.30 = =
.......... 100 10
Thus 0.30 is a rational number lying between 0.25
Anns :
and 0.32. Also 0.280280028000.. . .has non-terminating
4 non-repeating decimal expansion. It is an irrational
number lying between 0.25 and 0.32.
37. 2, 7 , etc. are.............numbers.
3, 45. If HCF(336, 54) = 6, find LCM(336, 54).
Anns : Anns : [Board 2019 OD]

Irrational
HCF # LCM = Product of
38. Every point on the number line corresponds to a
............number. number 6 # LCM = 336 #
Anns :
54
Real
LCM = 336 # 54
39. The product of three numbers is............to the product 6
of their HCF and LCM. = 56 # 54 = 3024
Anns :
Thus LCM of 336 and 54 is 3024.
Not equal
46. Explain why 13233343563715 is a composite number?
40. If p is a prime number and it divides a2 then it also Anns : [Board Term-1 2016]
divides .........., where a is a positive integer.
The number 13233343563715 ends in 5.
Anns :
Hence it is a multiple of 5. Therefore it is a
a composite number.

41. Every real number is either a..............number 47. a and b are two positive integers such that the least
or an.............number. prime factor of a is 3 and the least prime factor of b
Anns : is 5. Then calculate the least prime factor of (a + b).
Anns : [Board Term-1 2014]
Rational, irrational
Here a and b are two positive integers such
that the least prime factor of a is 3 and the
42. Numbers having non-terminating, non-repeating
least prime factor of b is 5. The least prime
decimal expansion are known as ..........
factor of (a + b) would be 2.
Anns :
48. What is the HCF of the smallest composite number
Irrational numbers
and the smallest prime number?
Anns :
Page 8 Real Numbers Chap 1

The smallest prime number is 2 and the smallest decimal expansion non-repeating and non-terminating.
composite number is 4 = 22.
Hence, required HCF is (22, 2) = 2. 3
54. Calculate in the decimal form.
8
49. Calculate the HCF of 33 ×5 and 32×52. Anns : [Board 2008]

Anns : [Board 3 2 53
2007] We have 3 = = 23# 53
#
8 23
We have 33 ×5 = 32×5 #
3 = 375 = 375
32×52 = 32×5 # 5 103 1, 000
HCF (33×5, 32×52) = 32×5 =
0.375
= 9×5 = 45

50. If HCF (a, b) = 12 and a×b = 1, 800, then find

LCM
(a, b).
Anns : 55. The decimal representation of 6
will terminate after
1250

We know that how many places of decimal?

Anns : [Board 2009]
HCF(a, b) # LCM (a, b) =
a×b 6 6 6 # 23
We have =
1250 = 2 # 23 # 54
Substituting the values we have 2#
54

12×LCM(a, b) = 1800
3
1, 800 = 26×2 6×23
4
×54 = (10)4
or, LCM(a, b) = = 150
12 48
= = 0.0048
51. What is the condition for the decimal expansion of a 10000
rational number to terminate? Explain with the help 6
Thus will terminate after 4 decimal places.
of an example. 1250
Anns : 56. Find the least number that is divisible by all numbers
The decimal expansion of a rational number between 1 and 10 (both inclusive).
terminates, if the denominator of rational Anns : [Board 2010]
number can be expressed as 2m 5n where m
The required number is the LCM of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
and n are non negative integers and p and q
7, 8, 9, 10,
both co-primes.
e.g. 3 LCM = 2 # 2 # 3 # 2 # 3 # 5 # 7
3
10 = =
0.3 21 # 51 = 2520
52. Find the smallest positive rational number by which 7
1 57. Write whether rational number will have
7 should be multiplied so that its decimal expansion
75

terminates after 2 places of decimal. terminating decimal expansion or a non-terminating

Anns : [Board Term-1 decimal.
2016] Anns : [Board Term-1 2017, SQP]
Since 1
1 7 = = 0.01. 7 = 7
#
7 100 100 We have 3×52
Thus 7 2016] 75
smallest rational number is
100
A rational number has its decimal
53. What type of decimal expansion does a rational expansion either terminating or non-
number has? How can you distinguish it from decimal terminating, repeating An irrational
expansion of irrational numbers? numbers has its
Anns : [Board Term-1
Page 8 Real Numbers Chap 1

Since denominator of given rational number is

not of form 2m ×5n , Hence, It is non-
terminating decimal expansion.
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 9

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS We have 90 = 9 # 10 = 9 # 2 # 5

58. If HCF of 144 and 180 is expressed in the form = 2 # 32 # 5

13m - 16. Find the value of m . and 144 = 16 # 9
Anns : [Board 2020 SQP
Standard] = 24 # 32

According to Euclid’s algorithm any number a can HCF = 2 # 32 = 18

be written in the form,
LCM = 24 # 32 # 5 = 720
a = bq + r where 0 # r < b
Applying Euclid’s division lemma on 144 and 180 we 62. Given that HCF (306, 1314) = 18. Find LCM
have (306, 1314)
180 = 144 # 1 + 36 Anns : [Board Term-1 2013]

144 = 36 # 4 + 0 We have HCF (306, 1314) = 18

Here, remainder is 0 and divisor is 36. Thus HCF LCM (306, 1314) = ?
of
144 and 180 is 36.
Let a = 306 and b = 1314, then we have
Now 36 = 13m −
16 LCM (a, b) # HCF(a, b) = a # b

36 + 16 = 13m
52 = 13m & m = Substituting values we have
4
LCM (a, b) ×18 = 306 # 1314
59. Find HCF and LCM of 404 and 96 and verify that
306 # 1314
HCF # LCM = Product of the two given numbers. LCM (a, b) =
18
Anns : [Board
2018] LCM (306, 1314) = 22, 338
We have 404 = 2 # 2 # 101 63. Complete the following factor tree and find the
= 22 # 101 composite number x .

96 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 # 3
= 25 # 3
HCF(404, 96) = 22 = 4
LCM(404, 96) = 101 # 25 # 3 = 9696
HCF # LCM = 4 # 9696 = 38784
Also, 404 # 96 = 38784
Hence, HCF # LCM = Product of 404 and 96

60. Find HCF of the numbers given below:

k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k,, where k is a positive integer.
Anns : [Board Term-1 2015, Set-
FHN8MGD]
Anns : [Board Term-1 2015]
Here we can see easily that k is common factor
between all and this is highest factor Thus
HCF of k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, is k We have y = 5×13 = 65
.
and x = 3×195 = 585
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 9
61. Find the HCF and LCM of 90 and 144 by the method
64. Explain why (7 # 13 # 11) + and
11
of prime factorization.
(7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 3 # 2 # are composite
Anns : [Board Term-1 1) + 3
2012]
Page 10 Real Numbers Chap 1

numbers.
Anns : [Board Term-1 2012, Set-64]

(7 # 13 # 11) + 11 = 11 # (7 # 13 + 1)
= 11 # (91 + 1)
= 11 # 92
and
(7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 3 # 2 # 1) + 3
= 3 (7 # 6 # 5 # 4 # 2 # 1 + 1)
= 3 # (1681) = 3 # 41 # 41
Since given numbers have more than two prime
factors, both number are composite.

66. Find the missing numbers a, b, c and d in the given

factor tree:
65. Complete the following factor tree and find the
composite number x

Anns : [Board Term-1 2015, Set

DDE-M]

We have = 371 = Anns : [Board Term-1 2012]

z 53
7
y = 1855 # 3 = We have 9009 =3
= 3003
5565
x
a = 1001 = 7

b
= 2 # y = 2 # 5565 = 11130 143

Since 143 = 11 # 13,

Thus complete factor tree is as given below.
Page 10 Real Numbers Chap 1
Thus c = 11 and d = 13 or c = 13 and d =
11
Chap 1 Real Numbers

67. Complete the following factor tree and find the A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number
composite number x . greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying
two smaller natural numbers. A natural number
greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite
number. For example, 5 is prime because the only
ways of writing it as a product, 1 # 5 or 5 # 1,
involve 5 itself. However, 6 is composite because it
is the product of two numbers (2 # 3) that are both
smaller than 6. Every composite number can be
written as the product of two or more (not
necessarily distinct) primes.
3 # 12 # 101 + 4 = 4 (3 # 3 # 101 + 1)
= 4 (909 + 1)
= 4 (910)
= 2 # 2 # (10 # 7 # 13)
= 2 # 2 # 2 # 5 # 7 # 13
= a composite number

69. Complete the factor-tree and find the composite

Anns : [Board Term-1 2015, number M .
2014]

We complete the given factor tree writing variable y

and z as following.

We have z 161
= 7 = 23
y
= 7 # 161 = 1127
Composite number,x = 2 # 3381 = 6762

68. Explain whether 3 # 12 # 101 + 4 is a prime Anns : [Board Term-1 2013]

number or a composite number.
Anns : [Board Term-1 2016-17 Set; 193RQTQ, 2015, We have 91 = P # Q = 7 # 13
DDE-E]
 Real Numbers Chap 1

So P = 7,Q = 13 or P = 13,Q = 7 LCM of two numbers should be exactly divisible by

O their HCF. Since, 15 does not divide 175, two numbers

4095 = 3
= 1365 cannot have their HCF as 15 and LCM as 175.
N
= 2×8190 = 16380 72. Check whether 4n can end with the digit 0 for any
Composite number, natural number n .
Anns : [Board Term-1 2015, Set-FHN8MGD;
M NCERT]
= 16380×2 = 32760
If the number 4n, for any n, were to end with
Thus complete factor tree is shown below. the digit zero, then it would be divisible by
5 and 2.
That is, the prime factorization of 4 n would contain
the prime 5 and 2. This is not possible because the
only prime in the factorization of 4n = 22n is 2. So,
the uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic guarantees that there are no other primes
in the factorization of 4n . So, there is no natural
number n for which 4n ends with the digit zero.
Hence 4n cannot end with the digit zero.

70. Find the smallest natural number by which 1200

should be multiplied so that the square root of the
product is a rational number.
Anns : [Board Term-1 2016,
73. Show that 7n cannot end with the digit zero, for any
2015]
natural number n.
We have 1200 = 12 # 100 Anns : [Board Term-1 2012, Set-
63]
= 4 # 3 # 4 # 25
If the number 7n, for any n, were to end with
= 42 # 3 # 52 the digit zero, then it would be divisible by
Here if we multiply by 3, then its square root will 5 and 2.
That is, the prime factorization of 7n would contain
 Real Numbers Chap 1
be 4 # 3 # which is a rational number. Thus the the prime 5 and 2. This is not possible because the
5
required smallest natural number is 3. only prime in the factorization of 7n = (1 # is 7.
7)n
71. Can two numbers have 15 as their HCF and So, the uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of
their LCM? Give reasons. Arithmetic guarantees that there are no other primes
in the factorization of 7n . So, there is no natural
Anns :
number n for which 7n ends with the digit zero.
Hence
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 13

7n cannot end with the digit zero.

is wrong. Hence, 5 is an irrational number.
6
74. Check whether (15)n can end with digit 0 for any 77. Write the denominator of the rational number 257 in
n! the form 2m ×5 n
where
, m and n are non-negative500
N.
Anns : [Board Term-1 integers. Hence write its decimal expansion without
2012] actual division.
If the number (15)n, for any n, were to end Anns :
with the digit zero, then it would be divisible
by 5 and 2. We have 500 = 25 # 20
That is, the prime factorization of (15)n would = 52 # 5 # 4
contain the prime 5 and 2. This is not possible
because the only prime in the factorization of (15)n = 53 # 22
= (3 # 5)n are 3 and 5. The uniqueness of the
Here denominator is 500 which can be written
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that
there are no other primes in the factorization of (15)n as 22×53.
. Since there is no prime factor 2, (15) n cannot end
Now decimal expansion,
with the digit zero.

75. The length, breadth and height of a room are 8 m

50 cm, 6 m 25 cm and 4 m 75 cm respectively. Find 257 257 # 2
the length of the longest rod that can measure the 500 = 514 2 # 22 =
# 53
dimensions of the room exactly. 103
Anns : [Board Term-1
2016]
= 0.514

Here we have to determine the HCF of all length 78. Write a rational number between 2 and 3.
which can measure all dimension. Anns : [K.V.S.]

Length, 200 and 300

= 8 m 50 cm = 850 cm We have 2= 3= 100
100
l
= 50 # 17 = 2 # 52 # We need to find a rational number x such that
17

Breadth, 1 200 < x < 1 300

= 6 m 25 cm = 625 cm 10 10
b
= 25 # 25 = 52 # 52 Choosing any perfect square such as 225 or
256 in between 200 and 300, we have
Height, = 4 m 75 cm = 475 cm

h
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 13
= 25 # 19 = 52 # x = 225 15
= = 35
19 100 10
HCF(l, b, h) = HCF (850, 625,
475) Similarly if we choose 256, then we have
= HCF (2 # 52 #
52, 52 #
17, x = 256 16
= = 58
19) 100 10
= 52 = 25 cm
Thus 25 cm rod can measure the dimensions of the 79. Write the rational number 775 will have a terminating
room exactly. This is longest rod that can measure decimal expansion. or a non-terminating repeating
exactly. decimal.
Anns : [Board 2018 SQP]
76. Show that 5 6 is an irrational number. 7 7
Anns : [Board Term-1 We have =
2015] 75 3 # 52
Let 6 be a rational number, which can be expressed The denominator of rational number 7
can
5
75
as a , where b C 0; a and b are co-
b not be written in form 2m So it is non-
primes.
5n
Now 5 terminating repeating decimal expansion.
6 =a
b
80. Show that 571 is a prime number.
a
6 = 5b Anns :

or, Let = 571

6 = rational
But,
6 is an irrational number. Thus, our assumption x = 571

x
Page 14 Real Numbers Chap 1

Now 571 lies between the perfect squares of 23 2 = 529 Thus HCF of 104 and 96 is 12 i.e. 12 columns are
^
and 24 2 = 576. Prime numbers less than 24 are 2, 3, required.
^ h
5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23. Here 571 is not divisible by any
h Here we have solved using Euclid’s algorithm but you
of the above numbers, thus 571 is a prime number.
can solve this problem by simple mehtod of HCF.
81. If two positive integers p and q are written as p = a2b3
and q = a3b, where a and b are prime numbers than 83. Given that 5 is irrational, prove that 2 5 - 3 is
verify LCM(p, q) ×HCF (q, q) = pq an irrational number.
Anns : [Sample Paper
Anns : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
2017] Assume that 2 5 - 3 is a rational number. Therefore,
q
Page 14 Real Numbers Chap 1
We have p = a2b3 = a # a # b # b we can write it in the form of p
where p and q are
# b co-prime integers and q C 0.
and q = a3b = a # a # a # b p
Now 2 5- 3 =q
Now LCM (p, q) = a # a # a # b # b #
b
= a3b3 where q C 0 and p and q are co-prime integers.
Rewriting the above expression as,
and HCF (p, q) = a # a # b p
2 5 = +3
=ab2 q

LCM (p, q) ×HCF (p, q) = p + 3q

5 =
a3b3×a2b 2q
= a5b4 p + 3q
Here 2q is rational because p and q are co-prime
= a2b3×a3b integers, thus 5 should be a rational number. But
5 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that
= pq 5 is irrational. Hence 2 5 - 3 is an irrational
number.

84. Prove that

2+
3 is an irrational number, given that
5
3 is an irrational number.
Anns : [Board 2019 Delhi]
2+ 3
Assume that 5 is a rational p
number. Therefore, we
can write it in the form of where p and q are co-
q
prime integers and q C 0.

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS 2+ p

=
q
82. An army contingent of 612 members is to march 3
5 5p
behind an army band of 48 members in a parade. =
q
The two groups are to march in the same number of
columns. What is the maximum number of columns 2+ 3 5p
3 =
in q −2
5p − 2q
which they can march? 3 =
Anns : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic] q
Since, p and q are co-prime integers, then 5 p -q2q is a
Let the number of columns be x which is the largest rational number. But this contradicts the fact that
number, which should divide both 612 and 48. It 3 is an irrational number. So, our assumption is
means x should be HCF of 612 and 48. wrong. Therefore 2+
is an irrational number.
3
We can write 612 and 48 as follows 5

612 = 2 # 2 # 3 # 3 # 5 85. Given that 3 is irrational, prove that (5 + 2 3 ) is

an irrational number.
48 # 17 Anns : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]
=2#2#2#2#3
HCF(612, 28)
=2#2#3= Assume that (5 + 2 3 is a rational number.
12 )
Therefore, we can write it in the form p
q where p
of
Chap 1 Real Numbers

and q are co-prime integers and q C 0. p - 5q

Here 3q is rational because p and q are co-prime
p integers, thus 2 should be a rational number. But
Now 5+2 3 =q 2 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that

where q C 0 and p and q are integers. 2 is irrational. Hence ^5 + 3 2 h is an irrational

number.
Rewriting the above expression as,

2 p 88. Write the smallest number which is divisible by both

3 = −5 306 and 657.
q
Anns : [Board 2019 OD]
p−
3 = The smallest number that is divisible by two numbers
5q
2q
Here p - 5q is obtained by finding the LCM of these numbers
2qis rational because p and q are co-prime
Here, the given numbers are 306 and 657.
integers, thus 3 should be a rational number. But
3 is irrational. This contradicts the given fact that 306 = 6 # 51 = 3 # 2 # 3 # 17
3 is irrational. Hence (5 + 2 3 is an irrational
657 = 9 # 73 = 3 # 3 # 73
)
number.
86. Prove that 2 + 5 LCM(306, 657) = 2 # 3 # 3 # 17 # 73
3 is an irrational number, given
that 3 is an irrational number. = 22338
Anns : [Board 2019
Hence, the smallest number which is divisible by 306
OD]

Assume that 2 + 3
is a rational number. Therefore, and 657 is 22338.
5
we can write it in the form of pq where p and q are 89. Show that numbers 8n can never end with digit 0 of
co-prime integers and q C 0. any natural number n .
2+5 p Anns :
3 = qC0
q If the number 8n, any n, were to end
for
,
p
5 3 = −2 with the digit zero, then it would be divisible
q
by 5 and 2. That is, the prime factorization
p− of 8n would contain the prime 5 and 2. This is not
5 3 = possible because the only prime in the factorization
q
2q of (8)n = (23)n = 23n is 2. The uniqueness of the
p− Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that
3 =
2q there are no other primes in the factorization of (8)n
5q
.
Here 3 is irrational and p -5q2q is rational because Since there is no prime factor 5, (8)n cannot end with
p and q are co-prime integers. But rational number the digit zero.
cannot be equal to an irrational number. Hence
2 + 5 3 is an irrational number.

87. Given that 2 is irrational, prove that (5 + 3 2 ) is

an irrational number.
Anns : [Board 90. 144 cartons of Coke cans and 90 cartons of Pepsi
2018]
cans are to be stacked in a canteen. If each stack
is of
Assume that (5 + 3 2 ) is a rational number. the same height and if it equal contain cartons of the
Therefore, we can write it in the form of pq where p same drink, what would be the greatest number of
and q are co-prime integers and q C 0. cartons each stack would have?
p Anns : [Board Term-1 2011]
Now 5+3 2 =q
The required answer will be HCF of 144 and 90.
where q C 0 and p and q are integers. 144 = 24 # 32
Rewriting the above expression as, 90 = 2 # 32 # 5
3 p
2 = −5
q HCF(144, 90) = 2 # 32 = 18
p− Thus each stack would have 18 cartons.
2 =
5q
3q
 Real Numbers Chap 1

91. Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes HCF (510, 92) × LCM (510, 92)
respectively. If they start tolling together, after what
time will they next toll together? = 2 # 23460 = 46920
Anns : [Board Term-1 2011, Set-
44]
Product of two numbers = 510×92 46920

The required answer is the LCM of 9, 12, and 15 Hence, HCF×LCM = Product of two numbers
minutes.
94. The HCF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form
Finding prime factor of given number we have, 65m–117. Find the value of m . Also find the LCM of
9 = 3 # 3 = 32 65 and 117 using prime factorization method.
Anns : [Board Term-1 2011, Set-
12 = 2 # 2 # 3 = 22 # 3 40]

15 = 3 # 5 Finding prime factor of given number we have,

LCM(9, 12, 15) = 2 # 3 # 5
2 2
117 = 13 # 2 # 3
= 150 minutes 65 = 13 # 5
The bells will toll next together after 180 minutes. HCF(117, 65) = 13

92. Find HCF and LCM of 16 and 36 by prime LCM(117, 65) = 13 # 5 # 3 # 3 = 585
factorization and check your answer.
HCF = 65m − 117
Anns :
13 = 65m–117
 Real Numbers Chap 1
Finding prime factor of given number we have,
65m = 117 + 13 = 130
16 = 2 # 2 # 2 # 2 = 24
130
m = =2
36 = 2 # 2 # 3 # 3 = 22 65
# 32
HCF(16, 36) = 2 2 = 4
95. Express ^ 15 + 5
h as a decimal fraction without actual
# 4 40
division.
LCM (16, 36) = 24 # 32
Anns : [Board Term-1 2011, Set-
74]
= 16 # 9 =
We have 15 5 = 15 25 5 25
144

Check : + # + ×
4 4 25 40 25
HCF(a,
b b) ×LCM(a, b) = a #
40 = 375 + 125
100 1000
or, 4×144 = 16×36
= 3.75 + 0.125 = 3.875
576 = 576
96. Express the number 0.3178 in the form of rational
Thus LHS = RHS a
number b .
93. Find the HCF and LCM of 510 and 92 and verify that Anns : [Board Term-1 2011, Set-
A1]
HCF × LCM = Product of two given numbers.
Let x = 0.3178
Anns : [Board Term-1
2011] x = 0.3178178178

Finding prime factor of given number we have, 10, 000x = 3178.178178...

92 = 22 # 23 10x = 3.178178....
510 = 30 # 17 = 2 # 3 # 5 #
17

HCF (510, 92) = 2 Subtracting, 9990x = 3175

3175 635
LCM (510, 92 = 22 # 23 # 3 # 5 # or, = =
9990 1998
14
x
= 23460 97. Prove that 2 is an irrational number.
Anns : [Board Term-1 2011, NCERT]
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 17

Let 2 be a rational number. Hence, is irrational.

p
Then 2
p 99. Prove that 3 + 5 is an irrational number.
=
q Anns :
,
where p and q are co-prime integers and 5
q C 0 On squaring 2both the sides we have, Assume that 3 + is a rational number, then we
2
p have
=
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 17
3 p
q2 5 =q qC0
+ ,
or, p2 = 2p2
p
5 = −3
Since p2 is divisible by 2, thus p is also divisible by 2.
q
Let p =
for some positive integer r , then we have p−
2r 5 =
3q q
p2 = 4r2 p - 3q
Here 5 is irrational and q is rational. But rational
2q = 4r
2 2
number cannot be equal to an irrational number.
Hence 3 + 5 is an irrational number.
or, q2 = 2r2
100.Prove that 5 is an irrational number and hence
Since q2 is divisible by 2, thus q is also divisible by 2.
show that 2 - 5 is also an irrational number.
We have seen that p and q are divisible by 2, which Anns : [Board Term-1 2011]
contradicts the fact that p and q are co-primes.
Hence, our assumption is false and 2 is irrational. Assume that 5 be a rational number then we have

98. If p is prime number, then prove that p a

irrational. is an 5 = , (a ,b are co-primes and b C 0)
b
Anns : [Board Term-1 a =b 5
2013]
Squaring both the sides, we have
Let p be a prime number and if possible, let p be
rational a2 = 5b2
Thus m
p = ,
n Thus 5 is a factor of a2 and in result 5 is also
where m and n are co-primes and n C 0. a factor of a .
Squaring on both sides, we get
2 Let = 5c where c is some integer, then we have
m
p = a
a2 = 25c2
n2
or, pn2 = m2
...(1) Substituting a2 = 5b2 we have

Here p divides pn2. Thus p divides m2 and in result 5b2 = 25c2

p also divides m .
b2 = 5c2
Let m = pq for some integer q and putting m = pq
in eq. (1), we have Thus 5 is a factor of b2 and in result 5 is also a factor
of b .
pn2 = p2q2
Thus 5 is a common factor of a and b . But this
or, n2 = pq2 contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus,
our assumption that 5 is rational number is wrong.
Here p divides pq2.Thus p divides n2 and in result p Hence 5 is irrational.
also divides n .
Let us assume that 2 - 5 be rational equal to a ,
[ a p is prime and p divides n2 * p divides n ] then we have
Thus p is a common factor of m and n but this
2- 5 =a
contradicts the fact that m and n are primes. The
contradiction arises by assuming that p is rational. 2- a = 5
 Real Numbers Chap 1

Since we have assume = 3c where c is some integer, then we have

2 - is rational, but 5 is Let
a a
not rational. Rational number cannot be equal to an
a2 = 9c2
irrational number. Thus 2 - 5 is irrational.
Substituting a2 = 3b2 we have
101.Show that exactly one of the number n, n + 2 or n +
4 is divisible by 3. 3b2 = 9c2
Anns : [Sample Paper
2017]
b2 = 3c2
Thus 3 is a factor of b2 and in result 3 is also a factor
If n is divisible by 3, clearly n + 2 and n + 4
of b .
is not divisible by 3.
Thus 3 is a common factor of a and b . But this
If n is not divisible by 3, then two case arise
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus,
as given below.
our assumption that 3 is rational number is wrong.
Case 1: n = 3k + 1
n + 2 = 3k + 1 + 2 = 3k + 3 = 3 (k + 1) Hence 3 is irrational.
and n + 4 = 3k + 1 + 4 = 3k + 5 = 3 (k + 1) 103. Prove that 5 is an irrational number.
+2
We can clearly see that in this case n + 2 is divisible Anns : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
by 3 and n + 4 is not divisible by 3. Thus in this case Assume that 5 be a rational number then we have
only n + 2 is divisible by 3. a
Case 1: n = 3k + 2 5 = ,
b
n + 2 = 3k + 2 + 2 = 3k + 4 = 3 (k + 1)
where a and b are co-primes and b C 0.
+1
and n + 4 = 3k + 2 + 4 = 3k + 6 = 3 (k +
a =b 5
2)
We can clearly see that in this case n + 4 is divisible Squaring both the sides, we have
by 3 and n + 2 is not divisible by 3. Thus in this case
only n + 4 is divisible by 3. a2 = 5b2
Hence, exactly one of the numbers n, n + 2, n + 4 Thus 5 is a factor of a2 and in result 5 is also a factor
is divisible by 3. of a .
Let a = 5c where c is some integer, then we have
a2 = 25c2
Substituting a2 = 5b2 we have
5b2 = 25c2
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
b2 = 5c2

Thus 5 is a factor of b2 and in result 5 is also a factor

102.Prove that 3 is an irrational number. of b .
Anns : [Board 2020 OD Thus 5 is a common factor of a and b . But this
Basic]
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus,
Assume that 3 is a rational number. Therefore, we our assumption that 5 is rational number is wrong.
a
can write it in the form of where a and b are
co- b
Hence 5 is irrational.
prime integers and q C 0.
Assume that 3 be a rational number then we have 104. Find HCF and LCM of 378, 180 and 420 by prime
a factorization method. Is HCF × LCM of these numbers
3 = , equal to the product of the given three numbers?
b
Anns :
where a and b are co-primes and b C 0.
Now a =b Finding prime factor of given number we have,
3
378 = 2 # 33 # 7
Squaring both the sides, we have a2 = 3b2
 Real Numbers Chap 1
Thus 3 is a factor of a2 and in result 3 is also a factor
of a . 180 = 22 # 32 # 5
420 = 22 # 3 # 7 # 5
HCF(378, 180, 420) = 2 # 3 = 6
Chap 1 Real Numbers Page 19

LCM(378, 180, 420) = 22 # 33 # 5 # 7 only prime in the factorization of 6n = (2 # 3)n are

= 22 # 33 # 5 # 7 = 3780 2 and 3. The uniqueness of the Fundamental
Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that there are no
HCF×LCM = 6×3780 = 22680 other primes in the factorization of 6 n . Since there is
no prime factor 5, 6n cannot end with the digit five.
Product of given numbers
= 378 # 180 # 420
= 28576800
Hence, HCF × LCM C Product of three numbers. 107. State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Is it
possible that HCF and LCM of two numbers be 24
and 540 respectively. Justify your answer.
Anns : [Board Term-1 2015]

Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic : Every

integer greater than one ither is prime itself
or is the product of prime numbers and that
this product is unique. Up to the order of the factors.
105. State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Find LCM LCM of two numbers should be exactly divisible by
of numbers 2520 and 10530 by prime factorization by their HCF. In other words LCM is always a multiple
3. of HCF. Since, 24 does not divide 540 two numbers
Anns : [Board Term-1 cannot have their HCF as 24 and LCM as 540.
2016]
HCF = 24
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic
(FTA), also called the unique factorization LCM = 540
theorem or the unique-prime-factorization
theorem, states that every integer greater than 1 LCM = 540 = 22.5 not an integer
either is prime itself or is the product of a unique HCF 24
combination of prime numbers. 108. For any positive integer n , prove that n3 - n
OR is divisible by 6.
Anns :
Every composite number can be expressed as the
product powers of primes and this factorization is We have n3 - = n (n2 − 1)
unique. n
= ^n − 1hn^n + 1h
Finding prime factor of given number we have,
2520 = 20 # 126 = 20 # 6 # 21 = ^n − 1hn^n + 1h

= 23 # 32 # 5 Thus n3 - is product of three consecutive positive

# 7 n
integers.
10530 = 30 # 351 = 30 # 9 # Since, any positive integers a is of the form 3q, 3q + 1
39 or 3q + 2 for some integer q .
= 30 # 9 # 3 # 13 Let a, a + 1, a + 2 be any three consecutive
= 2 # 34 # 5 # 13 integers. Case I : a = 3q

LCM(2520, 10530) = 23 # 34 # 5 # 7 # 13 If a = 3q then,

= 294840 a^a + 1h^a + 2h = 3q^3q + 1h^3q + 2h
106. Can the number 6n , n being a natural number, end
Product of two consecutive integers ^3q + 1h and
with the digit 5 ? Give reasons.
^3q + 2h is an even integer, say 2r .
Anns : [Board Term-1
2015] Thus a^a + 1h^a + 2h = 3q^2r h
If the number 6n for any n, were to end with = 6qr , which is divisible by 6.
the digit five, then it would be divisible by 5.
That is, the prime factorization of 6n would Case II : a = 3q +
contain the prime 5. This is not possible because the 1
 Real Numbers Chap 1

If a = 3q + 1 then
that 7 + is also an irrational number.
2
3
a^a + 1h^a + 2h = ^3q + 1h^3q + Anns : [Board Term-1 2012]
2h^3q + 3h
= ^2r h^3h^q Assume that 3 be a rational number then we have
+ 1h a
3 = , (a ,b are co-primes and b C 0)
= 6r^q + 1 b
which is divisible by 6. a =b 3
Case III : a = 3q + 2

If a = 3q + 2 then Squaring both the sides, we have

a^a + 1h^a + 2h = ^3q + 2h^3q + 3h^3q + 4h a2 = 3b2

= 3^3q + 2h^q + 1h^3q + 4h Thus 3 is a factor of a2 and in result 3 is also a factor

Here ^3q + 2h and = 3^3q + 2h^q + 1h^3q of a .

+ 4h Let a = 3c where c is some integer, then we have
= multiple of 6 every q a2 = 9c2
= 6r (say)
Substituting a2 = 9b2 we have
which is divisible by 6. Hence, the product of three
consecutive integers is divisible by 6 and n3 - n is 3b2 = 9c2
also divisible by 3.
b2 = 3c2
109. Prove that n2 - is divisible by 2 for every positive Thus 3 is a factor of b2 and in result 3 is also a factor
n of b .
integer n .
Anns : [Board Term-1 2012 Set- Thus 3 is a common factor of a and b . But this
25]
contradicts the fact that a and b are co-primes. Thus,
our assumption that 3 is rational number is wrong.
We have n2 - n = n^n − 1h
Thus n2 - is product of two consecutive positive Hence is irrational.
n 3
3
integers.
Let us assume that 7 + be rational equal to a ,
Any positive integer is of the form 2q or 2q + 1, for 2
some integer q .
then we have
Case 1 : n = 2q p
7+ q C 0 and p and q are co-primes
2
3 =
q
If n
= 2q we have
p p − 7q
2 3 = −7 =
n^n - 1h = 2q^2q − q
1h
or p − 7q
3 = 2q
= 2m ,
where m = q^2q − 1h which is divisible by
2. Here p - 7q and 2q both are integers, hence 3
Case 1 : n = 2q + 1 should be a rational number. But this contradicts
the fact that 3 is an irrational number. Hence our
If n = 2q + 1, we have
assumption is not correct and 7 + 2 3 is irrational.
n^n - 1h = (2q + 1)^2q + 1 111.Show that there is no positive integer n , for which
− 1h
n−
= 2q^2q + 1h 1
n−1+ is rational.
 Real Numbers Chap 1
= 2m Anns : [Board Term-1 2012]

where m = q^2q + 1h which is divisible by Let us assume that there is a positive integer
2. n for which n−1 n− is rational
Hence, n2 - n is divisible by 2 for every positive + equal to p , where p and
and 1 q are positive
q
integer n .
integers and ^q C 0h.
110. Prove that 3 is an irrational number. Hence, show p
n−1 n− = ...(1)
q
+ 1
 Real Numbers Page 21

or, q 1
p = n−1+ n+
1n − 1 − n + 1
=
^ n − 1 + n + 1h^ n − 1 − n + 1h

= (nn−−1)1 −
−
+
(nn +
1) 1
qp
or n−1− n+
=
−2 1
2q ...(2)
n+1 n− = p
− 1
Adding (1) and (2), we get

2 p 2q p2 + ...(3)
=2 + =
2q
n+
q p pq
1
Subtracting (2) from (1) we have

2 n- p2 −
...(4)
1 2q2
= pq
From (3) and (4), we observe that n + 1 and n - 1
both are rational because p and q both are rational.
But it possible only when n + 1 and n - 1 both
^ differ
are perfect squares. But they h by^2 and two
h So both n + 1
perfect squares never differ by 2.
^ hence
and n - 1 cannot be perfect squares, h there
^ is
no positive h
integer n for which n − 1 + n + is rational.
1