📁 File Utilities
● cp – Copy files and directories
● mv – Move or rename files and directories
● rm – Remove files or directories
● mkdir – Create new directories
● rmdir – Remove empty directories
● ls – List directory contents
● touch – Create empty files or update timestamps
● ln – Create hard or symbolic links
● stat – Display detailed file information
● realpath – Resolve absolute file
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📝 Text Processing Utilities
● cat – Concatenate and display file contents
● cut – Remove sections from each line of files
● sort – Sort lines of text files
● uniq – Filter out repeated lines in a file
● head – Output the first part of files
● tail – Output the last part of files
● wc – Count words, lines, and bytes in files
● tr – Translate or delete characters
● split – Split files into pieces
● paste – Merge lines of
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⚙️ Shell Utilities
● echo – Display a line of text
● printf – Format and print data
● date – Display or set the system date and time
● sleep – Delay for a specified amount of time
● env – Display or modify environment variables
● basename – Extract filename from a path
● dirname – Extract directory path from a filename
● seq – Generate sequences of numbers
● yes – Output a string repeatedly
● timeout – Run a command with a time
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🖥️ System Information & Process Management
● uname – Display system information
● uptime – Show how long the system has been running
● whoami – Display the current user ID
● id – Display user and group IDs
● ps – Report process status
● top – Display active processes
● kill – Send signals to processes
● nice – Run a program with modified scheduling priority
● df – Report disk space usage
● du – Estimate file space usageZentyal Linux
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🔐 Permissions & Ownership
● chmod – Change file permissions
● chown – Change file owner and group
● chgrp – Change group ownership
● umask – Set default permissions for new files
● stat – Display file
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🌐 Networking & Remote Access
● ping – Check network connectivity
● curl – Transfer data from or to a server
● wget – Download files from the web
● ssh – Secure Shell for remote login
● scp – Securely copy files between hosts
● netstat – Display network connections
● traceroute – Trace the route to a
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🧰 Additional Utilities
● tar – Archive files
● gzip / gunzip – Compress or decompress files
● zip / unzip – Compress or extract ZIP archives
● find – Search for files in a directory hierarchy
● grep – Search text using patterns
● diff – Compare files line by line
● awk – Pattern scanning and processing language
● sed – Stream editor for filtering and transforming text
