strong winds, heavy rain, thunder,
● bottle bank – banco de botellas and lightning.
A place where people can take
their used glass bottles and jars for ● public transport – transporte
recycling. público
Buses, trains, subways, and other
● petrol – gasolina forms of transportation that are
A liquid fuel used in cars and other available for use by the general
vehicles. public.
● litter – basura (tirada en lugares ● coal – carbón
públicos) A black or brownish-black rock
Small pieces of rubbish left in that is burned as a fuel and used to
public places instead of being put produce energy.
in a bin.
● glass – vidrio
● traffic jams – atascos de tráfico A hard, transparent material used
Situations where vehicles are to make windows, bottles, and
unable to move or are moving very other products.
slowly because there are too many
of them on the road. ● global warming – calentamiento
global
● cardboard – cartón The gradual increase in the
A thick, stiff paper used for making Earth's temperature caused by
boxes and packaging. higher levels of carbon dioxide and
other pollutants in the atmosphere.
● rainforest – selva tropical
A dense forest, usually found in ● packaging – embalaje
tropical areas, with heavy rainfall Materials used to wrap, protect, or
and a wide variety of plants and present products.
animals.
● wildlife – fauna salvaje
● tins – latas Animals and plants that live
Metal containers used to store naturally in the wild without human
food or drink. control.
● floods – inundaciones ● metal – metal
Large amounts of water covering A hard, shiny material that
areas that are usually dry, often conducts heat and electricity, often
caused by heavy rain or rising used for building and making tools.
rivers.
● recycle – reciclar
● cans – latas To process used materials so they
Metal containers, often used for can be used again instead of being
drinks or food. thrown away.
● storms – tormentas ● oil – petróleo
Severe weather conditions with A thick liquid found underground
that is used to produce fuel and towns, often used for farming or
many other products. enjoying nature.
● fuel: combustible
● the countryside – el campo
Land that is outside cities and
In American English, "can" is the usual word.
In British English, both "can" and "tin" are used, but "tin" is more common for food
containers.
—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LANDSCAPE FEATURES
●
Palabra en Equivalente en Definición en inglés
inglés español
peak pico (de una The pointed top of a mountain.
montaña)
meadow pradera A field of grass and wildflowers, often used for
grazing animals.
desert desierto A very dry area of land with little rainfall and few
plants.
forest bosque A large area covered with trees and undergrowth.
pond estanque A small body of still water, often natural or artificial.
stream/brook arroyo A small, narrow river.
grass pasto / césped Short green plants that cover the ground.
hill colina A raised area of land, smaller than a mountain.
sand dune duna de arena A hill of sand formed by the wind, usually found in
deserts or near beaches.
wood bosque pequeño A small forest.
rock roca A large, hard piece of the Earth's surface.
canal canal A man-made waterway used for transportation or
irrigation.
river río A large natural stream of water flowing towards an
ocean, a lake, or another river.
lake lago A large body of water surrounded by land.
valley valle A low area of land between hills or mountains, often
with a river running through it.
dam presa A barrier built to hold back water and raise its level
to form a reservoir or prevent flooding.
coastline línea costera The outline of a coast, where land meets the sea.
waterfall cascada A place where water flows over the edge of a cliff or
steep area.
cliff acantilado A steep, high rock face, especially at the edge of the
sea.
cave cueva A large hole in the side of a hill, cliff, or underground,
usually naturally formed.
field campo An open area of land, often used for farming or
sports.
Palabra en Equivalente en Definición en inglés
inglés español
environmental problema A problem that affects the natural
issue medioambiental environment, such as pollution or
deforestation.
acid rain lluvia ácida Rain that is made acidic by pollution in the
atmosphere, harming plants and animals.
battery hen gallina de batería A hen kept in very small cages to produce
eggs, often in poor living conditions.
climate clima The general weather conditions of a place
over a long period.
endangered especie en peligro A type of animal or plant that is at risk of
species de extinción disappearing forever.
fertilizers fertilizantes Substances added to soil to help plants grow
better.
greenhouse efecto invernadero The trapping of the sun’s heat in the Earth's
effect atmosphere, causing global warming.
nuclear fallout lluvia radiactiva Radioactive material that falls to the ground
after a nuclear explosion.
ozone layer capa de ozono A layer of gas in the upper atmosphere that
protects the Earth from harmful UV rays.
protect animal proteger a los To take actions to keep animals safe from
animales harm or extinction.
nuclear waste desechos nucleares Dangerous radioactive waste produced by
nuclear reactors.
aerosol aerosol A substance stored under pressure and
released as a fine spray (often damaging the
atmosphere).
bottle-bank contenedor de A place where glass bottles can be taken for
botellas recycling.
conservation conservación The protection of natural environments and
wildlife.
nuclear energy energía nuclear Power produced from controlled nuclear
reactions.
forest fires incendios forestales Fires that burn large areas of forests, often
caused by humans or lightning.
non-renewable recursos no Natural resources that cannot be replaced
resources renovables once used, like oil or coal.
nuclear reactor reactor nuclear A machine used to generate energy through
nuclear reactions.
pesticide pesticida A chemical used to kill pests that harm plants
or crops.
rain forest selva tropical A dense forest in a tropical area with a lot of
rain and rich biodiversity.
radioactive waste desechos radiactivos Hazardous waste material emitting harmful
radiation.
animal welfare bienestar animal The well-being and humane treatment of
animals.
carbon monoxide monóxido de A poisonous gas produced when fuels burn
carbono incompletely.
exhaust fumes gases de escape Gases released by vehicles when burning fuel.
solar energy energía solar Power obtained by converting sunlight into
electricity.
global warming calentamiento global The rise in Earth's average temperatures due
to greenhouse gases.
oil slick marea negra A layer of oil floating on the surface of the sea,
often after an oil spill.
pollution contaminación The presence of harmful substances in the
environment.
unleaded petrol gasolina sin plomo Fuel for cars that does not contain lead,
making it less harmful to the environment.
wildlife fauna salvaje Animals and plants that live naturally without
human intervention.
Palabra en Equivalente en Definición en inglés
inglés español
hedge seto A row of bushes or small trees planted close
together, often forming a fence or boundary.
pebble guijarro / piedra A small, smooth, round stone, usually found on
pequeña beaches and riverbeds.
Palabra en Equivalente en Definición en inglés
inglés español
cut down talar / cortar To chop down trees or reduce the number of
something.
destroy destruir To completely damage or ruin something so it no
longer exists.
plant plantar To put seeds or plants into the ground so they can
grow.
protect proteger To keep something safe from harm or damage.
recycle reciclar To process materials so they can be used again
instead of being thrown away.
save ahorrar / salvar To keep something from being wasted, lost, or
harmed.
throw away tirar To dispose of something by putting it in the trash.
waste desperdiciar To use something carelessly or without using its full
value.
Palabra en Equivalente en Definición en inglés
inglés español
fossil fuels combustibles Natural fuels such as coal, oil, and gas formed from
fósiles the remains of ancient plants and animals.
energy energía The power needed to do work or produce movement,
heat, or electricity.
poorer países más Nations with lower levels of income, industry, and
countries pobres access to services compared to wealthier nations.
sources of fuentes de Places or systems from which energy is obtained,
energy energía such as the sun, wind, water, or fossil fuels.
Palabra en Equivalente en Definición en inglés
inglés español
recycle reciclar To process waste materials so they can be used
again.
reuse reutilizar To use something again instead of throwing it
away.
harmful dañino / perjudicial Causing damage, injury, or negative effects.
replace reemplazar To take the place of something with a new one.
rechargeable recargable Able to be filled again with energy, especially
batteries.
chlorine-free libre de cloro Containing no chlorine, making it safer for the
environment.
careful cuidadoso Paying close attention to avoid mistakes,
damage, or harm.
useful útil Able to help or serve a purpose well.
battery-free sin batería Operating without the need for batteries.
Palabra en Equivalente en Definición en inglés
inglés español
natural disasters desastres Events caused by natural forces that cause
naturales damage, such as storms, floods, or earthquakes.
floods inundaciones Overflowing of water onto normally dry land, often
caused by heavy rain or melting snow.
volcanic eruption erupción volcánica The explosion of molten rock, ash, and gases
from a volcano.
earthquake terremoto A sudden shaking of the ground, often causing
damage to buildings and infrastructure.
tremors temblores Small or minor earthquakes that can be felt but
are less powerful than larger ones.
hurricane huracán A strong tropical storm with heavy rain and winds,
often causing flooding and damage.
tornado tornado A violent rotating column of air that causes
destruction on the ground.
fire incendio A dangerous blaze of uncontrolled flames that
can destroy property and cause harm.
epidemic epidemia An outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly
among many people in a specific area.
drought sequía A long period of low rainfall that causes a
shortage of water.
avalanche avalancha A mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly
down a mountainside.
tidal wave ola gigante A large ocean wave caused by an undersea
earthquake, often leading to coastal flooding.
destruction destrucción The act of causing great damage or ruin.
homelessness falta de hogar The condition of not having a place to live, often
due to natural disasters or economic hardship.
rescue teams equipos de Groups of people trained to assist and save
rescate individuals during emergencies and disasters.
an area prone to un área propensa A region that is more likely to experience natural
disaster a desastres disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, or
hurricanes.
death muerte The end of life, often occurring as a result of a
disaster or other cause.
Red Cross Cruz Roja An international humanitarian organization that
provides emergency assistance during disasters.
flood barriers barreras contra Structures built to prevent or limit the damage
inundaciones caused by floods.
famine hambruna A severe shortage of food that leads to
widespread hunger and death.
charity caridad The act of helping others, often by giving money
or goods to those in need, especially during a
disaster.
Palabra en Equivalente en Definición en inglés
inglés español
alternative fuentes Non-traditional or renewable sources of energy, such
sources alternativas as wind or solar power.
dramatic aumento A large and sudden rise in something, such as prices,
increase dramático population, or demand.
exhaust gases de escape Harmful gases emitted by vehicles or machines, often
fumes contributing to air pollution.
food chain cadena The hierarchy of organisms, each dependent on the
alimentaria next as a source of food.
nuclear desechos Hazardous radioactive materials produced by nuclear
waste nucleares reactors and processes.
pesticides pesticidas Chemicals used to kill or control pests that harm
plants or crops.
polluting contaminante Causing damage to the environment through harmful
substances or activities.
public transporte público Transportation systems such as buses, trains, or
transport subways that are available to the general public.
quality of life calidad de vida The general well-being of people, determined by
factors such as health, comfort, and happiness.
research investigación The process of studying something in detail to
discover new facts or principles.
rush hour hora punta The busy times of the day when many people are
traveling to or from work, causing heavy traffic.
subsidised tarifas Reduced prices for tickets or services, often offered
fares subvencionadas by governments or organizations.
switch to cambiar a To change from one thing to another, such as
switching to a different energy source or mode of
transportation.
traffic jams embotellamiento Congestion on the roads caused by too many
vehicles, leading to slow movement or standstills.
