Functions – User defined
SEKOLAH PENDIDIKAN,
FAKULTI SAINS SOSIAL DAN KEMUANUSIAAN, UTM 2020
Introduction
A function is a block of organized, reusable code that is
used to perform a single, related action. Functions provides
better modularity for your application and a high degree of
code reusing.
As you already know, Python gives you many built-in
functions like print() etc. but you can also create your own
functions.
These functions are called user-defined functions.
Defining a Function
Here are simple rules to define a function in Python:
Function blocks begin with the keyword def followed by the
function name and parentheses ( ( ) ).
Any input parameters or arguments should be placed within
these parentheses. You can also define parameters inside
these parentheses.
The first statement of a function can be an optional statement
- the documentation string of the function or docstring.
The code block within every function starts with a colon (:)
and is indented.
The statement return [expression] exits a function, optionally
passing back an expression to the caller. A return statement
with no arguments is the same as return None.
Defining a Function
Python keyword cant be used as function name
Programmer or user can define function by using def
function name
Then follow by parameter in the parenthesis ()
Function can be defined with and without arguments
or parameter
Syntax:
def functionname( parameters ):
function_statements
return [expression]
Defining a Function
def function_name):
statement (must be indent)
call the function
def hello (): # we define the function as hello
print ("Hello, World!") # statement
hello() # we call the function
Calling a Function
Following is the example to call printme() function:
def printme( str ): #This is a print function
print (str)
printme("I'm first call to user defined function!")
printme("Again second call to the same function")
This would produce following result:
I'm first call to user defined function!
Again second call to the same function
Function without argument/parameter
def function_name (): - function without argument /
parameter
def UTM_slogan (): # we define the function
print("I am UTM") # state the statement
print("I Love UTM") # state the statement
print("UTM My Home") # state the statement
UTM_slogan () # call the function
Function with argument/parameter
def function_name (parameter1@argument1,
parameter2@argument2):
def kira_purata (x, y): #define function
print("purata ",x," dan ",y, " adalah ",(x+y)/2)
#pass the parameter
kira_purata (100, 12) #call the function
The output will be the average of 100 and 12
Function with passing parameter
Return – use to pass value from parameter to the
function
def nsquare(x, y): # define the function
return (x*x + 2*x*y + y*y) # calculate and return
the value of (x+y)2
print("The square of the sum of 2 and 3 is : ",
nsquare(2, 3)) #call the function
Parameter in Order
def add_numbers(x, y, z): # the process of
defining the
a1 = x + y #state the statement function and
parameter / argu
a2 = x + z ment
a3 = y + z
print(a1, a2, a3)
add_numbers (30, 100, 4) # pass the value into
the parameter Order
x = 30
y = 100
z=4
Call function with Parameter
print (a1, a2, a3)
Instruction to
call the functi
on
add_numbers (30, 100, 4)
pass the value
into the function
(x, y and z)
Parameter using Keyword Argument
By using keyword argument, the parameter can
be called using its name instead of order.
def login_info (userID, katalaluan):
print (“Username: “ + userID)
print (“Password: “ + katalaluan)
login_info (”Alpha”, “deltaecho”)
login_info (katalaluan = “zuluquebec”, userID =
“Beta”)
Parameter using Keyword Argument
By using keyword argument, the parameter can
be called using its name instead of order.
login_info (”Alpha”, “deltaecho”) # call by order
login_info (katalaluan = “zuluquebec”, userID =
“Beta”) # call by name
Using Loop in function
def contoh_loop (): define the
for x in range (0,10): function
print (x)
if x == 9:
We want it
return to stop at 9
print ("This is the last line")
contoh_loop()
Call function
Using if-else in function
def names(): # Define function names()
name = str(input('Enter your name: ‘)) # Set up name variable with
input
# Check whether name has a vowel
if set('aeiou').intersection(name.lower()):
print('Your name contains a vowel.')
else:
print('Your name does not contain a vowel.')
# Iterate over name
for letter in name:
print(letter)
names() # Call the function
The End
