Rural Fisheries Work Experience (RFWE)

Report
Submitted By
Jitendra Singh Gautam
Id No. : CFS-0235/21

College of Fisheries Science and Research Centre

Etawah Campus (206001)

Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology,

Kanpur, 208002.
 Certificate
Certified that Jitendra Singh Gautam CFS-0235/21, a student for the degree of Bachelor
of fisheries science of the college of fisheries Science & Research Centre, Campus Etawah,
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Tech. Kanpur have submitted the project
report entitled Rural work experience Programme to fill the requirement of degree. The
Project Report is recommended to be approved.

Signature of RFWE Attachment Co-ordinators:

Dr. Ajeet Singh Dr. Ashutosh Lowanshi

(Professor dept. of Aquaculture) Teaching Associate
Chairman Member

Dr. Arun Kumar Mr. Ajeet Soni

Teaching Associate Teaching Associate
Member Member

Prof.(Dr.) N.K. Sharma

Dean
College of fisheries Science & Research Centre
 Declaration
I am Jitendra Singh Gautam hereby declare that the report on Rural Fisheries Work
Experience Programme (RFWEP) submitted to the College of Fisheries Science & Research
Centre, Etawah in partial fulfilment of the requirement of Bachelor of Fisheries Science is a
record of actual observation made by me during the Rural Fisheries Work Experience
Programme (RFWEP) at Agra, Uttar Pradesh, from 10-10-2024 to 15-12-2025.
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express gratitude and appreciation to all who have supported me to complete
to this report. I would like to convey a special thanks to our project adviser Dr. Ashutosh
Lowanshi whose suggestions and encouragement helped me to complete my training report
in due time.
The training opportunity In “Agra region” was a great opportunity to learn internal & external
working system for a fish farm. I am grateful for having a chance to meet so many wonderful
people who taught me during this training period.
It is my radiant sentiment to place o record my deepest sense of gratitude to Dr. Anand
Kumar Singh (Vice chancellor), C.S.A. University of Agriculture & Technology,
Kanpur, Dr. N.K. Sharma (Dean- College of Fisheries Science & Research Centre,
Campus- Etawah) for their kind to help avail my training at Agra Fish Farms.
It is my radiant sentiment to place o record my deepest sense of gratitude to Dr. Arun
Kumar, Dr. Ashutosh Lowanshi, Dr. Ajeet Soni, Mr. Badal Yadav for their kind to help
avail my training at Agra Fish Farm.
I render my unconditional apology to the persons whose names cannot be mentioned due to
limitation of space. I have warmest gratitude for them for their constant encouragement. I am
obligated to almighty with whose blessings. I am able to present this humble contribution to
the knowledge of humanity.
 Content

Sr. No. Module Duration Page No.

1. Aquaculture Work Experience 4 Weeks
2. Fishing Experience 1 Week
3. Catch Composition Analysis 1 Week
4. Socio – economic Survey 1 Week
5. Functioning of Fishery co – 1 Week
operatives and Fish Marketing
 Introduction
Aquaculture: The rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food
are called “Aquaculture”.
 Fish: Such as Indian Major Carps (Rohu, Catla and Mrigal), Tilapia, and Pangasius.
 Crustaceans: Freshwater prawns.
 Molluscs: Freshwater mussels.
 Aquatic plants: Such as water chestnuts and algae.
 Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic animals or plants. Including breeding, raising
and harvesting in all types of water environments in controlled conditions. It is used
to produce food and commercial product, restore and create healthier habitats are
called Aquaculture.
 Aquaculture is day by day gaining importance in all over the country wherever
reservoir, canal, well, bore, water is significantly available. Small or large scale
culture fish/prawn farms coming up.
 The cultivable species suitable for aquaculture like fishes, prawns, can be reared in
various kind of system like: - (1) Pond Culture (earthen dugout ponds), (2) Cage
Culture, (3) Pen Culture.
 There are two types of culture is earthen dugout ponds: - (1) Monoculture and (2)
Polyculture/Mixed culture.

Current Trends in Fisheries

In India: - The fishery sector in India has seen a sustained annual average growth rate.
Current Scenario of Freshwater Aquaculture in India: India is one of the largest
producers of freshwater aquaculture in the world.
 The country has a rich diversity of freshwater resources, including rivers, lakes,
reservoirs, and ponds, which provide vast opportunities for aquaculture development.
 Inland fisheries in India contribute to about 70% of total fish production.
 Indian households consume around 5 kg of fish per month.
 The fishery, recognized as a 'Sunrise Sector', has seen a double-digit average annual
growth of over 10% in 2021-22.
 India ranks second in the globe.

In Uttar Pradesh: - Uttar Pradesh data was reported at 915.000 Ton th in 2023.
This records an increase from the previous number of 809.000 Ton th for 2022.
Key Regions for Freshwater Aquaculture in Uttar Pradesh: -
 Eastern UP: This region including districts like Varanasi, Gorakhpur, and Azamgarh is
known for its large number of ponds and water bodies suitable for aquaculture.
 Western UP: Cities like Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, and Agra have good potential for
freshwater fish farming, particularly in irrigation channels and rivers.
  Bundelkhand Region: Areas like Jhansi and Chitrakoot are exploring aquaculture as
part of rural development and water resource utilization.

Fish Culture in Uttar Pradesh

Fish culture in Uttar Pradesh (UP) involves farming fish in ponds, tanks, rivers, lakes, and
reservoirs. The state has a large potential for aquaculture development due to its rich inland
water resources.
We mainly grow pangasius and IMC. But we also grow silver carp, grass carp and black carp
too. We are also trying to cultivate milkfish for diversification. The total water bodies in the
state cover around 10 lakh hectares, including ponds, rivers, water-logged areas, lakes and
reservoirs.

Fish species cultured in UP: - IMC, Silver carp, Grass carp, Black carp, Saur, Singhi, Desi
Mangur, Milkfish, Pangasius, and Prawns.
Fish culture initiatives in UP: - The state fisheries department has established hatcheries to
meet the demand for fish seed
 The state has used inland saline areas for shrimp and brackish water fish culture
 The state has taken initiatives to develop aquaculture under the CSS-Blue Revolution
Fish culture challenges in UP: - Only a small percentage of the state's suitable area is
currently used for aquaculture
 There is a need for more institutional support to increase production and expand the area
under farming.
 1. Aquaculture Work Experience
1.1. Aquaculture Survey
1.2. Acquaintance of aquaculture operation in private/public sector
Aquafarms: -
A) Aquaculture farm visit – preparation and management of fish culture
ponds: -
1. Nursery pond: - Stocking density = 5 to 6 million
o (8 mm) spawn grow to fry (25mm)
o Duration = 2 to 3 weeks
2. Rearing pond: - Stocking density = 12,500-15000
o Duration = 2 to 3 months
o Fry to fingerling size
3. Grow out pond: - Stocking density = 8000 to 10000
o Duration = 10 to 12 months
o Fingerling to marketable size

Pre-stocking Pond Management

 Before introducing fry and fingerling into the pond, it has to be prepared for culture as
below:

1 hac = 2.5 acre

1 hac = 10000 m2
4000 m2 = 1 acre

a) Drying the pond.

b) Control and eradication of weed.
c) Eradication of predatory and weed fishes.
d) Preparation of the nursery pond.
e) Control of Aquatic insects
f) Fertilization of pond.

a) Drying the pond

 The pond should be allow to dry in sunlight at least for 15 days.
 It influences the physio - chemical and biological condition of the pond by improving
fertility.
 Fish parasites, their larva and disease producing organism are killed.

b) Control and eradication of weed

 Aquatic plant growing in the pond are undesirable and harmed for fish culture as they
reduce productivity.
  Aquatics weeds are following types: -
1. Free Floating Weed: - Water hyacinth, Pistia, Lemna, Azolla and Wolffia.
2. Emergent Weed: - Lotus, Nymphaea, Waterlily, Nelumbium and
Nymphoides.
3. Submerged Weed: - Hydrilla, Najas, Vallisneria, Potamogeton and
Utricularia.
4. Marginal Weed: - Typha, Ipomea and Sagittaria.
Control of weeds: -
Sr. No. Weedicides Weed Killed Dosage Use
1. 2,4 – D Water hyacinth, Eichhornia 4.5 to 6.5 kg/ha
umna, Pistia, Azolla
2. Taficide – 80 Lemna, Typha, Pistia, 1-15% solution with
Marginal weed 0.25% solution of surf
3. Sodium arsenite Lemna, Pistia 1% solution
4. Copper sulphate Hydrilla, Vallisneria, Algae 3 to 5 kg/ha
5. Simazine Algae bloom 0.5 to 1.0 ppm
6. Diuron Algae bloom 0.1 to 0.3 ppm
7. Chloroxone Floating weed 3.5 kg in 500 ltr water
8. Super Phosphate Submerged Weed 500 ppm
(Inorganic fertilization)

c) Eradication of Predatory and Weed Fishes

Predatory fishes: Harmful and cat fry and fingerleg
 For ex: - Wallago attu, Notopterus chitala, Mystus spp, Ompok pabda.
Weed Fishes: Minor carp do not grow to large size.
 Undesirable in the ponds.
 For ex: - Puntius ticto, P. sophore, Ambassis nama, A. ranga, Gudusia chapra,
Barillius spp. Etc.

Controls: -
 Seed net/insect net.
 Drying the pond.
 Fish poisons:

Plants and Chemical Derivates: -

Sr. No. Fish poisons Dosage Poisoning effect

1. Derris powder 60 to 80 kg/ha/m 7 to 10 days
2. Tamarind sed powder 2500 kg/ha/m 5 to 10 days
3. Mahua oil cake. 2000 to 2500 kg/ha/m 3 weeks
4. Aldrin 50 litre/ha/m 2 months
5. Bleaching powder 750 to 1000 kg/ha/m 7 to 10 days

d) Preparation of the nursery pond: -

 Area – 100 to 1000 m2
  Depth – 1.5 m
 Stocking Density – 50 to 60 lakh spawn/ha
 Duration – 1 to 15 days
 Mortality rate – 25 to 30 %

e) Fertilization of the pond: -

Liming: -
 Raises the pH of water.
 Antiparasitic, Killing bacteria and parasites and larval stages.
 Enhance the effect of fertilization.

Requirement of lime for different types of pond soils and water: -

Sr. No. Soil pH Soil Type Requirement of lime (kg/ha)

1. 4.0 to 4.9 Highly acidic 2000
2. 5.0 to 6.4 Moderately acidic 1000
3. 6.5 to 7.4 Near neutral 500
4. 7.5 to 8.4 Mildly alkaline 200
5. 8.5 to 9.5 Highly alkaline Nil

Sr. No. Water pH Water Type Requirement of lime (kg/ha)

1. 4.0 to 4.9 Highly acidic 800
2. 5.0 to 6.4 Moderately acidic 600
3. 6.5 to 7.4 Near neutral 400
4. 7.5 to 8.4 Mildly alkaline 200
5. 8.5 to 9.5 Highly alkaline Nil

Advantages of Pre-stocking management

 Stocking management aims at proper preparation of ponds.

 To remove the causes of poor survival, un-satisfactory growth etc.
 To ensure ready availability of natural food in sufficient quantity and quality for the
spawn fry & fingerlings to be stocked.
 To make more profit.
 Aquaculture Farm visit

1. Site No.

Detail of Fish Farmer:

Name: Mukesh Kumar
Age: 48
Mobile No:
Location: Etamdpur, Agra, Uttar Pradesh
Qualification: Graduation
Area: 1.5 Acre
Culture:
 Species: Pangas (Pangasius pangasius)
 Seed stocked with fingerling size 40,000 of pangas in pond.
 Mortality 20%
 Seed stock in March month.
Seed Price: 5 to 6 rupees
Feed:
 IB company feed in the pond two times a day (morning/evening).
 Price: 1735/- 40kg bag
Weight Gain:
 After 4 month they gain 300 to 350 gm weight of fish.
Fish Harvesting:
 Fish harvest by Harvesting net.
Fish Marketing:
 Local Market and Agra
Crop Selling Price: 90 to 110/kg
Profit per acre: 6.8 lakh
2. Site No.

Detail of Fish Farmer:

Name: Rajesh Baghel
Age: 35
Mobile No: 7310554520
Location: Etamdpur, Agra, Uttar Pradesh
Qualification: Graduation
Area: 1 Acre
Culture:
 Species: Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala)
 Seed stocked with fingerling size 36,000 of IMC in pond.
 Mortality 15%
 Seed stock in March month.
Seed Price: 3-5 rupees
Feed:
 IB company feed in the pond two times a day (morning/evening).
 Price : 1735/- 40kg bag
Weight Gain:
 After 4 month they gain 300 to 350 gm weight of fish.
Fish Harvesting:
 Fish harvest by Harvesting net.
Fish Marketing:
 Local Market
Crop Selling Price: 90 to 110/kg
Profit per acre: 7 lakh
3. Site No.

Detail of Fish Farmer:

Name: Priti kumari
Age: 27
Mobile No: 7310554520
Location: Etamdpur, Agra, Uttar pradesh
Qualification: 12th pass
Area: 0.5 acre
Culture:
 Species: Pangas (Pangasius pangasius), Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla) and
Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala)
 Seed stocked with fingerling size 50,000 of pangas in pond.
 Seed stocked with fingerling size 12,500 of IMC in pond.
 Mortality 20%
 Seed stock in March month.
Seed Price: 4.5 to 5 rupees
Feed:
 Growel company feed in the pond two times a day (morning/evening).
 Price: 1800/- 40kg bag
Medicine procurement:
 KMNo4, Water sanitizer.
Weight Gain:
 After 4 month they gain 350 to 450 gm weight of IMC and Pangas fish.
Fish Harvesting:
 Fish harvest by Harvesting net.
Fish Marketing:
 Faridabad market.
Crop Selling Price:
 IMC: 190/kg
 Pangas: 100/kg
Profit per acre: 9 lakh
4. Site No.

Detail of Fish Farmer:

Name: Pankaj
Age: 40
Mobile No: 9520271255
Location: Gujara, Akabara, Agra, Uttar pradesh
Qualification: Graduation
Area: 8 Acre
Culture:
 Species: Pangas (Pangasius pangasius), Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla) and
Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala)
 Seed stocked with fingerling size 25,000 of Pangas in pond.
 Seed stocked with fingerling size 10,000 of IMC in pond.
 Mortality 40%
 Seed stock in February month.
Seed Price: 4 rupees
Feed:
 Bread, Rice bran and Mustard oil cake.
Weight Gain:
 After 4 month they gain 250 to 300 gm weight of fish.
Fish Harvesting:
 Fish harvest by Harvesting net.
Fish Marketing:
 Local Market market.
Crop Selling Price:
IMC: 180/kg
Pangas: 90/kg
Profit per acre: 3 lakh
5. Site No.

Detail of Fish Farmer:

Name: Satydev
Age: 55
Mobile No: 9720314934
Location: Gujara, Akabara, Runkanta, Agra, Uttar Pradesh
Qualification: 8th pass
Area: 1.2 Acre
Culture:
 Species: Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala)
 Seed stocked with fry size 20,000 of IMC in pond.
 Mortality 30%
 Seed stock in April month.
Seed Price: 2 to 3 rupees
Feed:
 Growel company feed in the pond two times a day (morning/evening).
 Price: 1800/- 40kg bag
Medicine procurement:
 KMNo4, Water sanitizer.
Weight Gain:
 After 4 month they gain 350 to 450 gm weight of IMC.
Fish Harvesting:
 Fish harvest by Harvesting net.
Fish Marketing:
 Delhi market.
Crop Selling Price:
 IMC: 130 to 150/kg
Profit per acre: 2.5 lakh
6. Site No.

Detail of Fish Farmer:

Name: Prem Sagar
Age: 30
Mobile No: 6397391915
Location: Etora, Matsena, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh
Qualification: 12th pass
Area: 2 Acre
Culture:
 Species: Desi Magur (Clarias batrachus)
 Seed stocked with fingerling size 20,000 of desi magur in pond.
 Mortality 20%
 Seed stock in March month.
Seed Price: 5 to 5 ½ rupees
Feed:
 Growel company feed in the pond two times a day (morning/evening).
 Price: 1600/- 40kg bag
Medicine procurement:
 Potassium Monopersulphate, KMNo4 and Water sanitizer.
Weight Gain:
 After 4 month they gain 350 to 450 gm weight of IMC and Pangas fish.
Fish Harvesting:
 Fish harvest by Harvesting net.
Fish Marketing:
 Local market.
Crop Selling Price:
 IMC: 160/kg
 Pangas: 95/kg
Profit per acre: 6.5 lakh

-
7. Site No.

Detail of Fish Farmer:

Name: Manoj Kumar
Age: 42
Location: Bhadkua, Bulandshehar, Uttar Pradesh
Qualification: 12th pass
Area: 0.5 Acre
Culture:
 Species: Pangas (Pangasius pangasius)
 Seed stocked with fingerling size 12,000 of pangas in pond.
 Mortality 25%
 Seed stock in March month.
Seed Price: 4.5 to 5 rupees
Feed:
 Aquatech company feed in the pond two times a day (morning/evening).
 Price: 1550/- 35kg bag
Weight Gain:
 After 4 month they gain 300 to 400 gm weight of Pangas fish.
Fish Harvesting:
 Fish harvest by Harvesting net.
Fish Marketing:
 Local market.
Crop Selling Price:
 Pangas: 100 to 115/kg
Profit per acre: 5 lakh
8. Site No.

Detail of Fish Farmer:

Name: Sajid Ali
Age: 35
Mobile No: 9761151310
Location: Navi Nagar, Mathura, Uttar pradesh
Qualification: 12th pass
Area: 1 Acre
Culture:
 Species: Pangas (Pangasius pangasius)
 Seed stocked with fingerling size 10,000 of pangas in pond.
 Mortality 30%
 Seed stock in March month.
Seed Price: 6 to 6 ½ rupees
Feed:
 Growel company feed in the pond two times a day (morning/evening).
 Price: 1400/- 40kg bag
Medicine procurement:
 KMNo4, Water sanitizer.
Weight Gain:
 After 4 month they gain 300 to 350 gm weight of and Pangas fish.
Fish Harvesting:
 Fish harvest by Harvesting net.
Fish Marketing:
 Local market.
Crop Selling Price:
 Pangas: 90 to 115/kg
Profit per acre: 1.7 lakh
 Visit of Marine Finfishes Hatchery
Details:
Institute Name: ICAR-CMFRI Visakhapatnam Regional Centre
Location: Ocean View Layout, A.U. Post, Pandurangapuram, Visakhapatnam
Area: 14 hectares
Culture:
 Species: Indian pompano (Trachinotus mookalee), Orange spotted grouper
(Epinephelus coiodes) and John’s snapper (Lutjanus johnii)
 Mortality less than 10%
 Fish breeding in March month.
Seed Price:1 rupees spawn seed price.
Breeding: Hormones used for fish breeding include human chorionic gonadotropin
(HCG), Ovaprim, and gonadotrophin. These hormones are used in induced breeding,
which is an artificial technique to promote fish reproduction.
Marine finfishes breeding involves selecting a breeding pair, preparing the pond, and
injecting the fish with a pituitary gland extract. The fish are then stocked in the pond, and
the fingerlings are harvested when they reach a certain size.
Steps in Marine Finfishes breeding
1. Select a breeding pair
Separate the fish by sex, and look for secondary sexual characteristics.
For example mature male have a rough dorsal surface on their pectoral fins, and a flat
abdomen.
2. Prepare the pond
Ensure the pond has good water quality and food availability.
3. Inject the fish
Inject the fish with a pituitary gland extract, such as ovaprim, ovatide, or pituitary.
4. Stock the fish
Acclimate the fish before transferring them to the pond to prevent water quality changes.
5. Harvest the fish
Harvest the fingerlings when they reach a certain size, usually around 2–3 months.
Factors that affect breeding:
 Environmental factors: Light, temperature, and water conditions can stimulate the
fish to reproduce.
 Spawning season: Marine Finfishes usually spawn during the rainy season in seas
and oceans.
 Breeding techniques: Hypophysation, or breeding with pituitary gland extract, is one
technique used to breed the fishes.
Medicine Procurement: Oxyplast, KMNo4, Lime
Feed:
 Rice bran, Mustard oil cake, Maize and others.
Fish size Gain:
 Spawn to fry size in one month.
Fish Harvesting:
 Fish harvest by hapa
Fish Marketing:
 Local farmers and others farmers.
Fish seed production/ year: 10 crore seeds.
Rate: 300 line 25/paisa.
Profit per acre: 2.4 lakh.
 2. Fishing Experience
A fishing experience is the act of catching fish in a body of water. Inland fishing gear
includes nets, hooks and lines, and mechanized crafts. The type of gear used depends on the
type of fish being caught and the body of water. Fishing in a rural setting can be an incredibly
peaceful and rewarding experience.

Fishes are highly rich in protein and one of the staple foods in India and 70% of the
population still depends on the fishery for their livelihood. Fishery surveys as excellent
sources of income and employment because it accelerates the growth of various industries
including foreign exchange.

Transportation of fish: - Two basic transportation systems are available for transport of live
fishes, i.e. (i) The closed system of transport: packing of fishes in polythene bags under
oxygen pressure and (ii) the open system, where fishes are transported in water-filled open
carrier of trucks.

The entire experience in a rural environment is often slow-paced, connecting you with nature, the
seasons, and the timeless practice of fishing.
 Fishing crafts and gears used in Uttar Pradesh

Fishing crafts and gears in Uttar Pradesh, India, include plank boats, dugout canoes, coracles,
gill nets, and long lines.

Fishing crafts
 Plank boats: Made from local Shisham wood, these boats are often painted with
bitumen to protect them from decay and water damage.
 Traditional Wooden Boats (Dinghies): Small wooden boats are commonly used for fishing,
especially in rivers like the Yamuna and ganga. They are often manually paddled or rowed.
 Paddle Boats: These boats are also commonly used in local fishing activities. Fishermen use
them to move across shallow and deep sections of the river.
 Dugout canoes: These boats were once common in lakes like Suraha Lake, but are
now rare.
 Coracles: These lightweight, bowl-shaped boats are made from woven grass, reeds,
or saplings covered with hides. They are propelled by a single oar and are often used
by two fishers.

Fishing gears
 Gill nets: A selective fishing gear used to catch fish. Commonly used in rivers like the
Yamuna to catch fish of various sizes.
 Dip Nets: Used to scoop fish out of shallow waters. They are manually operated and
commonly used in ponds and lakes.
 Long lines: A common fishing method used in lakes.
 Hooks and lines: A fishing gear that can be used with or without a pole or rod
 Jigging lines: Operated by hand and used on small boats
 Bag net: A net used for fishing
 Hand lift net: A net used for fishing, often operated by women and children
 Drag net: A net used for fishing that requires a lot of manpower and low water levels
 Cast Nets: These are thrown into the water and then pulled back to gather fish. It's an active
technique that requires skill.
 3. Catch Composition Analysis:

A "catch composition analysis" in Agra and Mathura refers to studying the different
species of fish caught in the water bodies, determining their relative abundance within
the catch, and analysing how the composition varies based on factors like location,
season, and fishing gear used; essentially, it provides a snapshot of the fish population
structure within the state's fisheries by examining the types and quantities of fish caught.
Key points about catch composition analysis in Aligarh:
 Major rivers and water bodies:
The analysis would likely focus on the major rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna, along
with important reservoirs and ponds, as these are the primary fishing areas in Aligarh.
 Common fish species:
Some commonly caught fish species in Aligarh include Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, Common
carp, Silver carp, Grass carp, Tilapia and various species of catfish.
 Factors affecting composition:
 Seasonality: Different fish species may be more prevalent during specific
seasons due to migration patterns and breeding cycles.
 Fishing gear: The type of fishing net used (gill nets, seine nets, Drag net,
Hand net etc.) can significantly influence the catch composition.
 Water quality: Environmental factors like water quality can impact the fish
population structure.
How the analysis is conducted:
 Field sampling: Researchers collect fish samples from various locations across
Aligarh, recording the species and quantity caught.
 Species identification: Collected fish are identified to species level using taxonomic
keys.
 Data analysis:
o Relative abundance: Calculating the percentage of each species within the
total catch to determine the dominant species.
o Diversity indices: Using indices like Shannon-Weiner diversity index to
assess the overall fish species richness.
o Catch per unit effort (CPUE): Comparing the catch quantity to the fishing
effort to assess the overall fish population health.
Importance of catch composition analysis:
 Fisheries management:
This data is crucial for sustainable fisheries management by identifying overexploited
species, setting catch limits, and designing conservation strategies.
 Monitoring environmental changes:
Changes in fish composition can indicate potential environmental issues impacting water
quality.
 Economic implications:
Understanding the catch composition is vital for assessing the economic viability of
fisheries and market demands.
 4. Socio economic survey:
A "fisheries socio-economic survey in Agra and Mathura" would involve conducting a
study to understand the social and economic aspects of the fishing community in Aligarh
district, Uttar Pradesh, India, including factors like their income sources, fishing
practices, household demographics, access to markets, and the overall impact of fisheries
on their livelihoods; this data is crucial for developing effective policies and programs to
support the local fishing community and improve their socio-economic conditions.

Key aspects of such a survey could include:

 Fishery practices:
 Types of fish caught
 Fishing gear used
 Fishing seasons and locations
 Traditional vs modern fishing techniques
 Socio-economic profile:
 Demographics of fishers (age, gender, education level, family size)
 Income sources (fishing, other activities)
 Household expenditure patterns
 Access to credit and financial services
 Market dynamics:
 Fish market infrastructure
 Price fluctuations of fish
 Marketing channels and middlemen
 Consumer demand for different fish species
 Environmental factors:
 Water quality of fishing areas
 Impact of climate change on fish populations
 Conservation practices and regulations

Why conduct such a survey in Agra and Mathura?

 Local relevance:
Aligarh has a network of water bodies suitable for fish farming and capture fisheries,
making it important to understand the socio-economic conditions of the fishing
community.
 Policy implications:
Data from this survey can inform government policies to promote sustainable fisheries
development, improve fishers' livelihoods, and address any challenges they face.
 Community development:
Identifying the specific needs of fishers can lead to targeted interventions and programs
for their socio-economic upliftment.
 Important considerations:
 Sampling methodology:
Selecting a representative sample of fishers from different areas of Agra & Mathura to
ensure data accuracy.
 Data collection methods:
Using a mix of methods like household surveys, focus group discussions, and field
observations to gather comprehensive data.
 Collaboration:
Partnering with local fisheries departments, NGOs, and academic institutions can
enhance the survey's effectiveness.
 Socio economic survey report:
Data of the Socioeconomic Survey of a Fishing Village in Etawah:

Indicator Data

Location Fishing village, Etawah District

Population of fish farmer 1400 (approx.)

Household 300

Main occupation Fishing, fishing – related job

Alternative monthly household income 10k-20k

Income from fishing 70% of household dependent

Education level 40% 10 th, 25% 12th , 5% higher education

Literacy rate 60% (men) , 40% (women)

Access to healthcare 60% have access to local health clinics, 30% go saifai
hospital

Sanitation facilities 50% have access to toilet, 40% use open

field

Housing majority live in cemented house rear in mud

house

Electricity 90% have electricity

Water supply 60% use hand pump other piped water

Access to credit 20% have access to microfinance or

markets

Fishing equipment ownership 60% have own fishing net or equipment

Challenges faced steal fish, climate change, fishing overexploitation, access to

market

Community welfare programs 40% participation in government schemes (PMMSY,

NABARD)
 5. Functions of co-operatives and fish marketing:
5.1. Fisheries Co-operatives:
A fishing cooperative that deals with only the first domain would be a group of
fishermen who jointly own a boat and jointly fish but then divide their catch
according to a predetermined method and each takes care of the marketing and/or
processing of his own share of the catch.

Visit to the Fisheries Department in Agra and Mathura:

Biofloc and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) are advanced aquaculture

technologies used in fish farming in Uttar Pradesh. These technologies help improve
water quality, reduce water usage, and increase fish production.
 Current of A.D.F of Agra and Mathura is Prashant Gangwar Sir and Rahul Pal Sir
respectively
 Fisheries Department of agra and mathura present in Sanjay place in Agra and Rajiv
Bhawan in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh.
 The Fisheries Department of Agra and Mathura supports fish farmers
 The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) provides subsidies for fish
farmers

ADF of Mathura Rahul Sir

ADF of Agra Prashant Sir
5.2. Study of Marketing System:
Main fish market in Agra situated in near Pilli Panchi, Agra
Timing:
The market is open daily from early morning to late evening, with peak hours being
between 6:00 AM and 10:00 AM.
Variety of Fish:
The market offers a wide variety of fresh fish and seafood, including:
 Freshwater fish like IMC, EMC and Pangas
 Brackish water fish like Pomfret and Mullets
 Marine fish like Salmon and Tuna (imported)
 Seafood like Prawns, Crabs, and Lobsters
Market Structure:
The market is divided into several sections, with different vendors selling various
types of fish and seafood. The market is well-maintained, with proper cleaning and
waste disposal facilities.
Prices:
The prices of fish and seafood at the Agra Fish Market vary depending on the type,
size, and freshness of the product. Generally, the prices are competitive, and
customers can negotiate with the vendors.
Hygiene and Safety:
The market authorities ensure that the fish and seafood are handled and stored
hygienically. The vendors are required to maintain proper cleanliness and sanitation
standards.
Customer Base:
The Agra Fish Market caters to a diverse customer base, including:
 Local residents
 Restaurants and hotels
 Wholesale buyers
 Retailers
Payment Options:
The market offers various payment options, including:
 Cash
 Mobile wallets (e.g., Paytm, Google Pay)
 Credit/debit cards (at some vendors)
Parking and Accessibility:
The market has limited parking facilities, but customers can park their vehicles in
nearby areas. The market is easily accessible by public transport, with several bus
stops and auto-rickshaw stands nearby.
Special Features:
The Agra Fish Market has a few special features, including:
 A separate section for selling fish feed and aquarium accessories
 A few vendors offering value-added services like fish cleaning and cutting
 A small food court serving fish-based snacks and meals