SAMS Programming Workshop - Python Cheat Sheet
Basic Operations Functions
1 + 2 # addition # sets up a new function, name
2 - 1 # subtraction # it takes params p1, p2, ... as input
2 * 3 # multiplication # it returns returnVal as output
def name(p1, p2, ...):
4 / 2 # division
# do stuff here
2 ** 3 # raise to power return returnVal
"a" + "b" # combines two strings
# call a function name on vals a, b
Comparison Operations result = name(a
, b)
2 < 3 # less than
"a" > "b" # greater than Conditionals
"a" <= "b" # less than or equal to # only runs code in the block
# if the expression is True
2 >= 3 # greater than or equal to
if option == True:
"a" == "b" # is equal to print("here")
2 != 3 # is not equal to
# run code in a single branch
Boolean Operations # based on the boolean expressions
True and False # both must be True if option1 == True:
True or False # at least one True print("branch 1")
elif option2 == True:
not True flips boolean value
#
print("branch 2")
else:
Input and Output print("branch 3")
# prints to the console
print("Hello World") Loops
# loops until the test is False
# prints multiple items i = start
print("a", "b", "c") while i < end:
print(i)
i = i + step
# asks the user for input in console
s = input("Enter a thing: ") # breaks out of loop at some input
while True:
Built-in Functions val = input("Enter: ")
x = int(s) # casts a string to an int if val == "something":
x = float(s) # casts a string to a float break
s = str(x) # casts an int to a string print(val)
x = len(s) # finds num of letters in str
# loops over the given range
x = max(a, b, c) # max of given numbers # with start, end, step
x = min(a, b, c) # min of given numbers for i in range(start, end, step):
x = round(y, d) # rounds y to d sig-digs print(i)
Variables # loops over the chars in a string
# assigns var x to hold the value 5 for c in string:
x = 5 print(c)
# uses the value in var x
print(x - 2)
SAMS Programming Workshop - Python Cheat Sheet
Tkinter Starter Code
# use this to create a window to draw graphics in
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
width, height = 400, 400
canvas = Canvas(root, width=width, height=height)
canvas.configure(bd=0, h ighlightthickness=0)
canvas.pack()
# Put your code here!
root.mainloop()
Tkinter Graphics
# draws a rectangle between coords (left, top) and (right, bottom)
canvas.create_rectangle(left, top, right, bottom)
# draws an oval in the bounding box with coords (L, T) and (R, B)
canvas.create_oval(L, T, R, B)
# draws the given text centered at the given coordinate (x, y)
canvas.create_text(x, y, text="sample")
# draws a line between the given points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2)
# draws a polygon by connecting the given points with lines
canvas.create_polygon(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, ...)
Tkinter Optional Parameters
# changes the color of the drawn shape
canvas.create_rectangle(left, top, right, bottom, fill="red")
# changes the outline color of the drawn shape
canvas.create_rectangle(left, top, right, bottom, outline="yellow")
# changes the pixel width of the drawn line or shape's border
canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, width=5)
# changes the font of the drawn text- "font-name font-size font-style"
canvas.create_text(x, y, text="sample", font="Times 30 bold")
# changes the anchor point for the drawn text
canvas.create_text(x, y, text="sample", anchor=NW)
