TÍNH TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

ENGLISH ADJECTIVES
A. Position VỊ TRÍ/ CÁCH DÙNG
 TT + N a big company
 To be + TT My company is big/it is cold
 Linking verbs (Trạng thái cảm xúc) + TT He looks old.
(Some verbs like to be: look/seem/sound/appear/taste/feel/get/become/turn)
B. Adjectives ending in – ed/ing (tính từ có kết thúc ed/ing)
bored/boring (buồn) surprised/surprising (ngạc nhiên) worried/worrying (lo lắng)
depressed/depressing (buồn phiền) disappointed/disappointing (thất tired/tiring (mệt mỏi)
exciting/excited (hào hứng) vọng) amusing/amused (kinh ngạc)
exhausting/exhausted (kiệt sức) shocked/shocking (bất ngờ) confusing/confused (bối rối)
annoying/annoyed (bực mình)

-ed -ing
 Đi với chủ ngữ là đại từ nhân xưng/chỉ người  Đi với chủ ngữ là đại từ vô nhân xưng/chỉ vật
 Có nghĩa bị động  Có nghĩa chủ động
 Thể hiện trạng thái (1 lúc)  Thể hiện bản chất (lâu dài)  khi nói về tính cách
con người - ing

C. Adjective order (OSASCOMP)

+ Opinion (beautiful, horrible, difficult…) + Color (red, white, yellow….)
+ Size (large, little, tiny…) + Origin (French, American….)
+ Age (old, new, young…) + Material (wooden, metal, cotton….)
+ Shape (round, square….) + Purpose (reading, sleeping….)
E.g. A silly young English man// A small red sleeping bag
D. Comparison
 Formation
Adjective Same degree Comparative Superlatives
… as + adj + as …
… adj + er + than … … the + adj + est
Short … (not) as/so + adj + as …
She’s taller than her mother. She’s the tallest in her family.
She’s as tall as her father.
… as+ adj + as …
… more/less + adj + than …
… (not) as/so + adj + as … … the most/the least + adj
Long She’s more beautiful than her
She’s as beautiful as her She’s the most beautiful in her family.
sister.
mother.
good better the best
bad worse the worst
old older/elder the oldest/eldest
Irregular far farther/further the farthest/furthest
late later the latest/last
little less the least
many/much more the most
 Spelling
 TT kết thúc tận cùng bằng ‘e’, chỉ thêm ‘r’ hoặc ‘st’
nice – nicer – nicest large – larger – largest
 TT một âm tiết kết thúc bằng một phụ âm trước phụ âm là một nguyên âm, thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối.
big – bigger – biggest thin - thinner - thinnest
 TT hai âm tiết kết thúc tận cùng bằng ‘y’, trước ‘y’ là phụ âm thì biến đổi ‘y’ thành ‘i’ rồi thêm ‘er’ hoặc ‘est’
tidy – tidier – tidiest dirty – dirtier – dirtiest
 Bổ nghĩa trong so sánh ngang bằng (just/almost/exactly/nearly)
- She is nearly as tall as her father now.
- Ngoài ra có thể dùng cấu trúc as + much/ many/ little + N as
- Dùng từ chỉ số lương trước as: twice/ three times + as adj + as
- Dùng cấu trúc tương tự so sánh bằng: S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun
 Comparatives with ‘er and er/more and more/less and less’
- She’s getting taller and taller. / These days more and more people are learning English.
1
 - Holiday flights are getting less and less expensive.
 Comparatives with ‘the … the …’
- The more money you make, the more you spend. / The more I see you, the more I love you.
- The more expensive petrol becomes, the less people drive. / The warmer the weather is, the better I feel.
 Bổ nghĩa trong so sánh hơn kém (much/far/a lot/a little/a bit/somewhat/even)
- It’s much colder today than it was yesterday. / This bag is a little heavier than the other one.
- Cụm từ chỉ số lượng + so sánh hơn. / She is three years younger than her husband.
- Very không đứng trước tính từ so sánh
 Phân biệt farther/ further
- Father/ farthest: chỉ khoảng cách thực tế về địa lí
- Further/ furthest: chỉ một khái niệm xa hơn mang tính trìu tượng. (I want to know further information)
 Bổ nghĩa trong so sánh hơn nhất (far/quite/almost/nearly)
- This is quite/far the most expensive car in the shop.
 Object or a clause after ‘than’
- He's not as clever as her. / He's not as clever as she is.
- They have more money than us. / They have more money than we have.
- Ta có thể dùng this/ that/ these/ those/ đại từ sở hữu (mine/ his…) khi ko muốn nhắc lại danh từ.
EXERCICES
Ex 1: Choose the correct word.
1. I was (disappointing/disappointed) with the film. I had expected it to be better.
2. Are you (interesting/interested) in football?
3. The new project sounds (exciting/excited). I'm looking forward to working on it.
4. It's (embarrassing/embarrassed) when you have to ask people for money.
5. Do you easily get (embarrassing/embarrassed)?
6. I had never expected to get the job. I was really (amazing/amazed) when I was offered it.
7. I didn't find the situation funny. I was not (amusing/amused).
8. It was a really (terrifying/terrified) experience. Everybody was very (shocking/shocked).
9. Why do you always look so (boring/bored)? Is your life really so (boring/bored)?
[Link]'s one of the most (boring/bored) people I've ever met. He never stops talking and he never says anything
(interesting/interested)
[Link] was (frightening / frightened) when he saw the spider.
Ex 2: Choose the best answer.
1. He was wearing a ________ shirt.
A. dirty old flannel B. flannel old dirty C. old dirty flannel
2. Pass me the ________ cups.
A. plastic big blue B. big blue plastic C. big plastic blue
3. All the girls fell in love with the ________ teacher.
A. handsome new American B. American new handsome C. new handsome American
4. I used to drive ________ car.
A. a blue old German B. an old German blue C. an old blue German
5. He recently married a ________ woman.
A. young beautiful Greek B. beautiful young Greek C. beautiful Greek young
6. This is a ________ movie.
A. new Italian wonderful B. wonderful Italian new C. wonderful new Italian
7. She is a ________ supermodel.
A. beautiful slim Brazilian B. Brazilian beautiful slim C. slim Brazilian beautiful
8. It's in the ________ container.
A. large blue metal B. blue large metal C. blue metal large
9. He sat behind a ________ desk.
A. big wooden brown B. big brown wooden C. wooden big brown
10. She gave him a ________ vase.
A. small Egyptian black B. black Egyptian small C. small black Egyptian
Ex 3:Complete the sentences using a comparative form.
1. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere ________ ?
2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit ________ ?
3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be ________
4. The weather is too cold in this country. I expected it to be ________
5. My job is a bit boring, sometimes I’d like to do something ________
6. It was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I though it would be ________
2
 7. Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure you can do ________
8. Don’t worry. The situation isn’t so bad. It could be ________
9. You’re talking very loudly. Can you speak a bit ________ ?
10. You hardly ever phone me. Why don’t you phone me ________ ?
Ex 4: Complete the sentences using the structure “er and er” or “more and more”.
1. It’s become ________ to find a job. (hard)
2. That hole your pullover is getting ________. (big)
3. As I waited for my interview, I became ________. (nervous)
4. As the day went on, the weather got ________. (bad)
5. As the conversation went on, he became ________. (talkative)
Ex 5: Combine the ideas given into a double comparative:
1-As he got older, he became more and more bad-tempered.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2- He worked hard. He felt very bad.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3- When we think of the exam, we get more and more excited.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4- As this road gets busier, it becomes more and more dangerous.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5- When you get near to the Equator, the temperature becomes high.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6- If she stays in England a long time, her English will be very good.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7- When I write fast, my writing becomes illegible.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8- She sings well. A lot of people admire her.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9- She visited many countries. She had lots of friends
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10- He works harder. He feels more tired.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
11- How well I sleep depends on how late I go to bed.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
12- I don't spend much time with my family because I work so hard.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
13- The traffic moves very slowly as more cars come into the city.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
14- The idea becomes less attractive as I think about it more.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
15- The service of a hotel depends on how expensive it is.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Ex 6: Circle the right forms in these sentences. In some cases both forms are right.
1. Is your house much (further/farther)? 9. I've got (less/lesser) than you.
2. Who is the (oldest/eldest) in this class? 10. Jane is (older/elder) than I am.
3. Your driving is (worse/worst) than mine. 11. This is the (more/most) expensive.
4. It's the (less/lesser) of two evils. 12. His English is (best/better) than mine.
5. Have you heard the (last/latest) news? 13. It's the (better/best) in the shop.
6. We have no (further/farther) information. 14. She's my (elder/older) sister.
7. His (latest/last) words were: 'The end'. 15. I've got the (least/less)!
8. This is the town's (oldest/eldest) house. 16. You've got the (more/most)!
Ex 7: Rewrite the sentences.
1. My kitchen is smaller than yours.
Your kitchen ………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. No one in the class is taller than Dave.
Dave is ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Mum doesn’t speak English as well as Dad.
Dad ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………
4. Lan is better cook than Hoa.
Hoa can’t …………………………………………………………………………………………...……
5. No restaurant in the city is better than that one.
That restaurant is …………………………………………………………………………………………
3
6. This watch is worse than that one.
That watch ………………………………………………………………………………………….……
7. My sister writes more carefully than she did.
My sister …………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. This story is more interesting than any other story that I have ever read.
This is the …………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever known.
I’ve never .....................................................................................................................................................
10. Peter does not drive so carefully as Tom.
Tom ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. This is the most delicious cake I have ever tasted.
I have ..................................................................................................................................................
12. I have never met any more dependable person than Gorge.
Gorge is ..................................................................................................................................................
13. There isn’t anybody as kind-hearted as your mother.
Your mother ..................................................................................................................................................
14. There is no better teacher in this school than Mr John.
Mr John ..................................................................................................................................................
15. Have you got any bigger than that one?
It this ..................................................................................................................................................
16. No one I know is taller than he is.
He is .................................................................................................................................................
17. Summer nights in Cairo are much warmer than in London.
In London .................................................................................................................................................
18. Fewer people die from flu than 50 years ago.
Not as .................................................................................................................................................
19. There is less rain in Tokyo than in Athens in January.
More rain .................................................................................................................................................
20. There are fewer people in Taiwan than in Korea.
The population of Korea ..................................................................................................................................
Ex 9: Choose the best one.
1. Phong has visited ………… countries than Mai.
A. fewer B. less C. a few D. little
2. This lesson gives me ……….. information than the last lesson.
A. a few B. less C. fewer D. much
3. We have …………. hours left before they come.
A. a little B. fewer C. a few D. much
4. Next year, we will have ………… homework and …………… free time than this year.
A. fewer – more B. more – less C. less – fewer D. little - many
5. Of the four dresses, which is ………………..expensive?
A. the best B. the most C. the more D. the greater
6. The larger the apartment, the................... the rent.
A. expensive B. more expensive C. expensively D. most expensive
7. The faster we walk,………….. we will get there.
A. the soonest B. the soon C. the more soon D. the sooner
8. “ Why did you buy these oranges? ” “They were ……….….. I could find. ”
A. cheapest B. cheapest ones C. the cheapest ones D. the most cheapest
9. She plays the piano …………… as she sings.
A. as beautifully B. more beautifully C. as beautiful D. the most beautifully
10. The streets are getting more and …………… these days.
A. crowded B. less crowded C. more crowded D. most crowded
11. The larger the city, …………… the crime rate.
A. highest B. higher C. the highest D. the higher
12. You must explain your problems …………....
A. as clear as you can B. as clearly as you can
C. as clear than you are D. as clearly as you are
13. Pil is ……………… person we know.
A. the happier B. the happiest C. happier D. happiest
14. Which woman are you going to vote for? –I’m not sure. Everyone says that Joan is………….
A. smarter B. the smarter C. more smarter D. more smart
15. Bill is ………………
A. lazier and lazier B. more and more lazy C. lazier and more lazy D. more lazy and lazier
4
16. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere …………………?
A. noisier B. more quiet C. more noisy D. quieter
17. ………………..the time passes, …………….I feel ! The deadline of my thesis is coming, but I have just finished
half of it.
A. The faster / the nervous B. The more fast / the nervous
C. The fast / the more nervous D. The faster / the more nervous
18. China is the country with…………………..population.
A. the larger B. the more large C. the largest D. the most large
19. She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting…………….Finally she exploded.
A. more and more angry B. the more angry C. angrier and angrier D. the most angry
20. For ……………….., it is certain that in the future some things will be very different.
A. the better or the worse B. the good or the bad C. good or bad D. better or worse
21. Her grandfather’s illness was…………………..we thought at first.
A. more seriously as B. as seriously as B. more serious than D. as serious than
22. My brother was feeling tired last night, so he went to bed…………..usual.
A. more early than B. as early as C more earlier as D. earlier than
23._______ you study for these exams, _______ you will do.
A. The harder / the better B. The more / the much
C. The hardest / the best D. The more hard / the more good
24. His house is _______ mine.
A. twice as big as B. as twice big as C. as two times big as D. as big as twice
25. No one else in the class plays the guitar ______ John.
A. as well B. as far as C. so well as D. as soon as
26. The town was nearer _____ we thought it would be.
A. then B. that C. as D. than
27. the economic conditions today are _______ they were in the past.
A. much more good B. much better than C. much better D. the best than
28. Peter is ______ student in my class.
A. taller than B. so tall as C. the talllest D. tallest
29. The deep oceans contain some of the ______ of all living creatures.
A. strangest B. strange C. as strange as D. stranger
30. Jane is not _____ her brother.
A. more intelligent as B. intelligent as C. so intelligent as D. so intelligent that
31. He drives as ______ his father does.
A. careful as B. more carefully C. the most careful D. carefully as
32. What’s the ______ film you’ve ever seen?
A. good B. best C. better D. the best
33. Jane is ______ age as Mary.
A. as same B. the most same C. the same D. more same
34. I’ll be there _______ I can.
A. sooner as B. no sooner as C. as soon as D. soonest as
35. This shirt and that one ______.
A. alike B. are alike C. as like as D. the same
36. I would rather do any job ______ be jobless.
A. better than B. more than C. than D. so than
37. It is not so hot today as it ______ yesterday.
A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
38. Mr. Lam cannot earn _______ his wife.
A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money than
39. I like English ______ French.
A. than B. more C. less D. better than
40. The salary of a bus driver is much higher _______ a teacher.
A. as that of B. than that of C. for D. to compare with
42. My car is _______ yours.
A. more fast and economical than B. more fast and more economical than
C. faster and economical as D. faster and more economical than
43. I want to buy some shoes _______ the ones you have on.
A. like B. are like C. are alike D. likely
44. Mary and her mother do not _______.
A. alike B. look like C. look alike D. like
45. Despite its smaller size, the Indian Ocean _______ the Alantic Ocean.
A. as deep as B. is the same deep as C. deeper as D. is as deep as

5
 46. Sharon ______ from other women I know.
A. different B. as different C. differs D. more different
47. This one is prettier, but it costs _____ as the other one.
A. as much as B. twice as much C. as many D. twice as many
48. You can take ______ as you want.
A. as many B. as much C. so much D. too many
49. Of the two sisters, Linda _______ .
A. is beautiful B. the most beautiful C. is more beautiful D. is so beautiful as
50. He finished the test _______ of all.
A. rapidly B. the most rapidly C. most rapidly D. more rapidly
51.______ electricity you use, _______ your bill will be.
A. more / higher B. the most / the higher C. the more / the high D. the more / the higher
52. The more I got to know Tom, _______ I liked him.
A. least B. the less C. the least D. the fewer
53. The room in the front ______ noisier than those in the back.
A. are more B. are little C. are much D. are very
54.______ you are, ______ you concentrate.
A. Tired / the least hard B. The more tired / the harder
C. The tireder / the harder D. The tired / the harder
55.______ the man gets, ______ he becomes.
A. the more old / the more weak B. the older / the weaker
C. the older / the weakest D. older / weaker
56. Of all the candidates, Mr. Hung is probably ______.
A. the less qualified B. the qualified less C. the most little qualified D. the least qualified
59._______ 100 billion stars are in the Milky Way.
A. As many as B. As much as C. As more as D. As most as
60. The CDs here are more expensive ______ over there.
A. those B. than those C. than that D. than this
61._______ other mammals, whales do not have a sense of smell.
A. Not alike B. Unlike C. Unlikely D. Dislike
62. The stomach of a cow, ______ that of other ruminants, is divided into four compartments.
A. likely B. similar C. same D. like
63. The larger the drop of water, ______ freezing temperature.
A. the higher its B. its higher C. higher than its D. higher of its
64. Automobiles, airplanes, and buses use more energy per passenger ______.
A. trains do B. as trains C. as are trains D. than trains do
65. “Would you like to try this hat?” “Have you got one ______.”
A. with a wider brim B. a wider brim C. with a wider brim D. a wider brim than
66. The Duke of Westminster is _______ .
A. second richest person B. the richest second person
C. the second richest person D. the richest the second
Ex 10: Identify the mistake in each sentence by choosing a suitable option.
1. The maid was careful to keep the room cleanly. 13. The more rich he is, the more miserable he gets.
A B C D A B C D
2. His knowledge of English grammar is quite well. 14. The harder we studied, the most confused we got.
A B C D A B C D
3. The last story was as interested as the other ones. 15. This summer is hotter and winder than last summer.
A B C D A B C D
4. Mr. Slater’s house is biger than ours. 16. She can pronounce English words more correct than she
A B C D A B C
5. That brown chair is most comfortable than this one. could last term.
A B C D D
6. Lan is the most pretty of all the girls. 17. In this class, the students are talking more loudlier than
A B C D A B C
7. That lesson is a most difficult of all the lessons. the teacher.
A B C D D
8. Does your country have worse weather as this? 18. This summer is hotter and winder than last summer.
A B C D A B C D
9. This girl is the most beautiful of the two daughters that he has. 19. You should practise English oftener to be a better
A B C D A B C
10. Frank plays tennis worse of all the players. speaker of English.

6
 A B C D D
11. The most he tries, the more he succeeds. 20. Ha Anh can now speak English more well than the last
A B C D A B C
12. She is much more intelligent than Nam does. time I met him.
A B C D D