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Onychomycosis Joan

Onychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds, with several subtypes including distal lateral subungual, white superficial, proximal subungual, endonyx, and candidal onychomycosis. Symptoms include nail discoloration, brittleness, and foul odor, while prevention strategies involve maintaining good hygiene, avoiding communal moist areas, and managing underlying health conditions. Treatment and management are crucial, especially for immunocompromised individuals.

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Crisiamie S. Magdula
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18 views4 pages

Onychomycosis Joan

Onychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds, with several subtypes including distal lateral subungual, white superficial, proximal subungual, endonyx, and candidal onychomycosis. Symptoms include nail discoloration, brittleness, and foul odor, while prevention strategies involve maintaining good hygiene, avoiding communal moist areas, and managing underlying health conditions. Treatment and management are crucial, especially for immunocompromised individuals.

Uploaded by

Crisiamie S. Magdula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

VALERA, JOAN T.

MICRO

BSED-3

Onychomycosis

Onychomycosis (tinea unguium) is a


common fungal infection affecting the nails,
involving the nail plate, nail bed, or both. It
is caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or non-
dermatophyte molds.

Onychomycosis manifests in several


subtypes, each with distinct clinical
features:

• Distal lateral subungual


onychomycosis (DLSO)
• White superficial onychomycosis
(WSO)
• Proximal subungual onychomycosis
(PSO)
• Endonyx onychomycosis (EO)
• Candidal onychomycosis

Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis


(DLSO)

• The most common subtype. It


begins at the distal or lateral edges
of the nail and spreads proximally.
Signs include yellow-white
discoloration, subungual
hyperkeratosis (thickening under the
nail), onycholysis (separation of the
nail plate from the nail bed), and
yellow streaks or patches centrally
on the nail plate.
• fungi (mainly Trichophyton rubrum)
spread from the plantar skin and
invade the nail bed via the
hyponychium (the skin under the
free edge of the nail). This invasion
causes inflammation the typical
signs of DLSO.

White superficial onychomycosis (WSO)

• Characterized by small, white,


powdery or speckled patches on the
surface of the nail plate, primarily
affecting toenails. The nail becomes
rough and crumbly. Deep WSO
caused by molds can invade more
extensively.
• fungi invade the superficial layers of
the nail plate directly.

Proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO)

• It often involves destruction of the


proximal nail plate and may spread
distally over time. PSO is more
common in immunosuppressed
patients and often shows periungual
inflammation.
• Fungi invade the nail matrix, causing
proximal nail discoloration,
subungual hyperkeratosis and
onycholysis.

Endonyx onychomycosis (EO)

• Fungal invasion occurs within the


nail plate itself, causing milky white
•
discoloration without subungual
hyperkeratosis or onycholysis.

Candidal onychomycosis

• Seen in immunocompromised
patients or those with chronic
mucocutaneous candidiasis,
affecting multiple digits with total
nail dystrophy and periungual
inflammation. The digits may appear
bulbous or "drumstick" shaped.

Symptoms of Onychomycosis:

• Nail discoloration
• Brittle or crumbly nails
• Onycholysis
• Subungual hyperkeratosis
• Rough or powdery
• nail surface
• Rough or powdery
• nail surface
• Foul odor

Prevention of the disease:

• Wear flip-flops or shower sandals in


communal moist areas such as gyms,
pools, locker rooms, and public
showers.
• Alternate shoes daily to allow them
to dry completely; fungi thrive in
moist environments.
• Use antifungal powders or sprays in
shoes to inhibit fungal growth.
• Keep nails trimmed short and cut
straight across to prevent trauma
and fungal colonization.
• Avoid sharing personal items like nail
clippers, shoes, socks, and towels.
• Maintain good foot hygiene by
washing and thoroughly drying feet,
especially between toes
• Promptly treat athlete’s foot or
other fungal skin infections to
prevent spread to nails.
• Inspect nails regularly for early signs
of infection.
• Manage underlying conditions such
as diabetes and immunosuppression
to reduce risk.

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