CHART: Camanse (Artocarpus Camansi) Husk as an Alternative Resource for Thermal

Insulation

Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research IV

Balancar, Arianna B.

Mariano, John Angelo P.

Serneo, John Miles A.

SHAI C. REQUISO

Research Teacher

Ayala National High School

Ayala, Zamboanga City

March 2025
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DEDICATION

This study is dedicated to the researchers' parents and guardians, who gave continuous

inspiration, motivation, and support throughout the research process. They kindly offered the

resources, mainly financial assistance, to assure the success of this microbial fuel cell study.

The study also expresses appreciation to Ms. Shai C. Requiso, the research adviser,

whose significant direction and help made this study feasible. Her competence and assistance

with all aspects of the research considerably helped to its effective conclusion.

Furthermore, we dedicate this research to our fellow students and future researchers who

share the same passion for environmental sustainability and innovation. May this study serve as a

stepping stone for further explorations in the field of sustainable thermal insulation and

encourage the development of eco-friendly alternatives for a greener future.

Lastly, we offer this work to the scientific community and the environment, as we hope

that the findings of this research will contribute to reducing waste, promoting energy efficiency,

and advancing sustainable solutions for thermal insulation.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to convey their profound gratitude to their respected research

adviser, Ma'am Shai C. Requiso, for her essential advice, experience, and steadfast support

throughout the study process. Her insightful input, support, and mentorship have helped shape

the direction and quality of my work on microbial fuel cells.

The researchers would also like to thank Ma'am Cherelle A. Lanquin for her assistance

and experience in presenting an overview of this research. Their insightful views and knowledge

have provided a solid basis for the project.

Furthermore, the researchers would like to thank Sir Paul Carlo Jacob of the Ayala

National High School SLRC for his cooperation in supplying the essential materials and

equipment for the study. His assistance has tremendously aided the effective completion of the

research.

The researchers are extremely appreciative to each of these individuals for their major

contributions. This microbial fuel cell study would not be feasible without their knowledge,

advice, and assistance.

Finally, the researchers would want to thank the spiritual presence, in whatever manner it

may manifest in their life. They recognize the guiding power that has given them strength,

insight, and inspiration during this study project.

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ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate Camanse Husk (Artocarpus camansi) as a thermal insulator by
assessing its thermal insulation efficiency, water absorption rate, and creep resistance. With
increasing global energy consumption and environmental concerns, the demand for sustainable,
cost-effective, insulation materials continue to grow. This research investigates the potential of
Camanse Husk, an agricultural by-product, as an alternative to conventional synthetic insulators.
Three different treatments were prepared, varying in husk-to-binder ratio: treatment 1: 30g of
Camanse Husk with 10mL synthetic glue, treatment 2: 40g of Camanse Husk with 10mL
synthetic glue, treatment 3: 50g of Camanse Husk with 10mL synthetic glue The thermal
insulation efficiency was determined using the guarded hot plate method, while water absorption
was assessed through a 24-hour immersion test. Creep resistance was evaluated using a sustained
load test to measure long-term structural stability. Results revealed that Treatment 1 exhibited
the highest thermal insulation efficiency (45.3%), followed by Treatment 2 (43.97%) and
Treatment 3 (42.75%). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference among the
treatments (p = 0.0001). For water absorption, Treatment 3 had the lowest absorption rate
(3.26%). A significant difference was also observed (p = 0.0001). However, for creep resistance,
no significant difference was found among the treatments (p = 0.76439), suggesting that all
treatments exhibit similar durability under sustained stress. Based on these findings, it can be
concluded that optimizing Camanse (Artocarpus camansi) as a Thermal Insulator is an effective
approach for a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative. The null hypothesis was accepted for
creep resistance, indicating no significant differences among treatments, while it was rejected for
thermal insulation and water absorption.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title.……..………………………………………………………….……………......i

Dedication………………………………………………………….……………......ii

Acknowledgement……………………………….…………………………….……iii

Abstract………………………………………………………………...……...…......iv

Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….…v

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study…………………………………………………..…..1

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………...….3

Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………...…3

Significance of the Study………………………………………………..……..4

Scope and Delimitations……………………………………………………….5

Operational Definition of Terms………………………………………………6

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………………………………………8

Research Sampling……………………………………………………………8

Research Locale……………………………………………………………….8
 Procedure……………………………………………………………………...8

Data Analysis and Statistical Tool……………………………………………13

Flowchart of the Procedure…………………………………………………...14

CHAPTER III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Thermal Insulation Test………………………………………………………15

Water Absorption……………………………………………………………..17

Tensile Strength………………………………………………………………19

CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………21

Recommendation……………………………………………………………..23
 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Thermal insulation is a crucial technology for improving energy efficiency, reducing costs, and

mitigating environmental impacts in various applications. Insulation reduces heat transfer between

spaces, maintaining indoor temperatures in homes, industrial settings, and vehicles. With heating and

cooling accounting for nearly 50% of global energy consumption, efficient insulation systems are

essential for addressing the growing energy demand and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions.

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), buildings contribute around 39% of energy-

related emissions, making them a critical sector for implementing energy-saving measures.

The Philippines faces unique challenges due to its tropical climate and rapid urbanization.

Rising energy demand for cooling systems and inefficiently insulated buildings strain the country’s

energy resources and contribute to environmental degradation. The Department of Energy (DOE) has

emphasized the need for energy-efficient building designs, such as the Energy Conserving Design for

Buildings policy, which highlights insulation as a key strategy to reduce energy consumption and

enhance sustainability. However, the availability and affordability of eco-friendly insulating materials

remain limited. This has prompted the exploration of alternative resources that can meet insulation

needs while supporting the country’s climate adaptation goals.

According to Climate Tracker Asia, in local communities, insulation materials such as

fiberglass and synthetic foams are often too expensive or inaccessible, pushing households to rely on

high-energy-consuming appliances for temperature regulation. Additionally, the improper disposal of

synthetic insulators contributes to waste pollution due to their non-biodegradable nature. Given these
 2

issues, there is a growing need to explore cost-effective and sustainable alternatives using locally

available agricultural by-products that can serve as viable insulation materials.

Camanse husk (Artocarpus camansi), an agricultural by-product, has gained attention as a

potential bio-based insulator. Its fibrous composition, rich in cellulose (40-50%) and lignin (10-15%),

makes it an effective material for thermal resistance. Tannins and flavonoids enhance its durability and

moisture resistance, while calcium and potassium contribute to structural stability and fire resistance.

These properties position camanse husk as a viable alternative to conventional synthetic insulators,

which are often costly, non-biodegradable, and energy-intensive to produce.

The use of agricultural waste materials such as camanse husk also aligns with the principles of

a circular economy. Repurposing agricultural by-products reduces waste that would otherwise

contribute to pollution while creating valuable products that benefit industries and communities.

Organic thermal insulators offer environmental and economic advantages by addressing both resource

efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

Previous studies have shown that agricultural waste materials, including coconut husks, corn

stalks, and banana fibers, exhibit promising thermal insulation properties. However, research specific

to camanse husk remains limited, particularly concerning its thermal conductivity, moisture

absorption, and long-term performance. This study aims to fill this gap by systematically evaluating

camanse husk as a bio-insulator, assessing its efficiency, durability, and potential for large-scale

application.

By investigating camanse husk's insulating properties, this research seeks to contribute to the

development of sustainable construction materials that address the global need for energy efficiency

and the local challenge of affordable, eco-friendly solutions. Beyond environmental benefits, this study
 3

promotes resource conservation, energy savings, and reduced reliance on synthetic materials, aligning

with broader efforts to mitigate climate change.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to evaluate Camanse (Artocarpus camansi) Husk as thermal insulator.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. Which among the treatments is the most effective in terms of thermal conductivity, tensile

strength, and water absorption rates?

Treatment 1: 30g of Camanse husk with 10mL synthetic glue.

Treatment 2: 40g of Camanse husk with 10mL synthetic glue.

Treatment 3: 50g of Camanse husk with 10mL synthetic glue.

Treatment 4: Styrofoam and aluminum Foil

2. Is there a significant difference in the thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and water

absorption rates between the different treatments of Camanse (Artocarpus camansi) Husk and the

commercial insulation material (Styrofoam and aluminum foil)?

Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant difference in the thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and

water absorption rates between the different treatments of Camanse (Artocarpus camansi) husk and the

commercial insulation material (Styrofoam and aluminum foil).

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Significance of the Study

Environment

This study will benefit the environment since thermal insulators constructed from waste

materials contribute significantly to environmental sustainability by preserving resources, reducing

waste and diminishing carbon emissions in the manufacturing industry.

Community

This study will help the community since using waste materials as thermal insulator can help

disseminate awareness about recycling and sustainability.

Economy

This study has the ability to help the local economies, offer new market opportunity and the use

of waste materials as thermal insulator is less costly making them more accessible to low-income

households

Future researchers

This study’s result will serve as reference for further and future research on Camanse

(Artocarpus camansi) Husk as Thermal Insulator. The related literature and studies would be beneficial

in providing information for future researchers.

 5

Scope and Limitations

The study was conducted at Mariano's Residence, Phase 1, Country Homes, Ayala, Zamboanga

City, Philippines. The research will explore the thermal insulation properties of these materials,

specifically their thermal conductivity, water absorption rates, and tensile strength. The research will

utilize a quantitative approach, employing the guarded hot plate apparatus to measure thermal

conductivity, and a water immersion test for water absorption. This study will compare Camanse husk-

based insulation with a commercial insulator, Styrofoam with aluminum foil, to evaluate its

performance in real-world applications.

However, the study will be limited to the specific location of Balancar's Residence in

Zamboanga City. The research will only consider Camanse (Artocarpus camansi) husk as thermal

insulation materials, excluding other potential materials. The study will only focus on thermal

conductivity, and water absorption.

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Definition of terms

Camanse Husk - The fibrous outer layer of the Camanse (Artocarpus camans).

Thermal Conductivity (k)- A measure of a material's ability to conduct heat, determined by the

guarded hot plate, using the guarded hot plate method. It represents the rate of heat transfer through a

unit area of the material per unit temperature difference.

Water Absorption - The percentage increase in weight of a material after being immersed in water for

a specified time (24 hours in this case), calculated as the difference in weight before and after

immersion divided by the original weight.

Synthetic White Glue - A commercially available adhesive used as a binder to hold the durian husk

and jackfruit rind together in the thermal insulation panels.

Basic Hot Plate - A specific piece of equipment used to measure the thermal conductivity of the

prepared samples.

Thermometer - is a device used to measure temperature by producing a voltage based on the

temperature difference between two conductors. In this experiment, it will monitor the temperature

across the insulation material.

Nitrile Rubber Sheet - is a synthetic rubber material characterized by its resistance to oils, fuels, and

various chemicals, used as a flexible barrier in thermal insulation applications.

Fourier's Law - describes how heat moves through a material.

Tensile Strength - the maximum amount of stress a material can withstand before it breaks.

Styrofoam - A lightweight, closed-cell plastic material commonly used for insulation due to its low

thermal conductivity.
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Aluminum Foil - a reflective metal sheet used in insulation to reduce radiant heat transfer.
 8

CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the procedure of the conduct of the study and the experimentation process

that will be undertaken to gather the needed data.

Research Design

In this study, the researchers will utilize the Quantitative Research Design, specifically the

Completely Randomized Design (CRD).

Research Sampling

This study will employ the Simple Random Sampling to randomize the 7 replicates in each

treatment.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted at Balancar’s Residence, Calle Fatima, Zone 8 Ayala, Zamboanga

City, Philippines.

Procedure

Gathering of Materials

Three (6) kilograms of Camanse Husk, twenty-one (21) Nitrile Rubber Sheets and two (2)

Bosny 250ml Synthetic white glue were gathered by the researchers. The apparatuses gathered from

the laboratory include one (1) Weighing Scale, three (3) Thermometer, and one (1) Guarded Hot Plate.

This methodology is adapted from Alhabeeb et al (2021) in their study of Thermal insulators

based on abundant Waste Materials.

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A. Pretreatment

The Camanse husks was be separated from their edible portions, and only the fibrous

components were utilized. These materials were thoroughly washed to ensure they are free from

dirt and contaminants that may interfere with the experiment.

Drying

After cleaning, the materials were sun-dried for seven days to remove moisture. The

drying process ensures the materials are in optimal condition for use as insulators.

Shredding

After drying, the husks were grinded using a grinder into pieces of approximately 0.5

cm. According to a study by Alhabeeb et al. (2021), reducing the husk into smaller, uniform

particles improves material homogeneity, ensuring a consistent mixture when combined with

binders like synthetic glue. Additionally, smaller particles facilitate the manufacturing process by

making the material easier to mold and press into standard panel sizes, as demonstrated in

research on rice husk insulation, where the optimal particle size was around 0.5 mm.

B. Sample Preparation

Mixing

The Camanse Husks were mixed with synthetic white glue to create a uniform mixture.

The glue acts as a binder to hold the fibrous materials together. Four treatments were prepared,

each with different amounts of Camanse Husk, and synthetic glue:

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Treatment 1: 30g of camanse husk with 10mL synthetic glue.

Treatment 2: 40g of camanse husk with 10mL synthetic glue.

Treatment 3: 50g of camanse husk with 10mL synthetic glue.

Unlike the Camanse husk-based treatments, Treatment 4 (Styrofoam with aluminum foil)

will not undergo mixing, molding, or drying, as it is a commercially available insulation material

Molding

The mixtures were poured into wooden molds measuring 16 x 9 inches, which gave the

panels a consistent size and shape. The mixture in each mold will be firmly pressed to create

compact insulation panels with the measurement of 5mm.

Drying and Curing

The pressed panels were sun-dried for seven days. This drying process allowed the panels

to harden and achieve the structural integrity needed for thermal insulation testing.

The thermal insulation properties of the prepared samples were tested using the same

methodology as the original study.

C. Thermal Insulation Test

Once the panels have fully cured, their thermal conductivity will be tested using a

guarded hot plate apparatus. Heat will be applied to one side of the insulation panel, and the
 11

temperature change on the opposite side will be monitored using thermometers. This test will

determine how effectively each treatment resists heat transfer.

Data Collection

The procedure involved taking temperature readings at regular intervals, using Fourier’s

Law to calculate thermal conductivity. The temperature difference across the insulation material

was measured to assess the material's effectiveness in preventing heat transfer.

Calculation of Thermal Conductivity

The thermal conductivity of Camanse husk will be calculated using Fourier’s Law of

Heat Conduction:

D. Water Absorption Test

The panels underwent a water absorption test to assess their resistance to moisture. Each

panel were weighed before being submerged in water for 24 hours. After immersion, the panels

were gently dried with a towel to remove surface water, and then weighed again to measure the
 12

increase in weight due to water absorption. Water absorption percentage was calculated using the

following formula:

E. Tensile Strength

To conduct the test, cured insulation panels prepared will be used. The samples are cut

into standardized dimensions, specifically strips measuring 15 cm in length and 5 cm in width.

The thickness and width of each sample will be carefully measured using a ruler or caliper to

calculate the cross-sectional area.

The test setup involves attaching one end of the sample to a fixed support or clamp while

securing the other end to a bucket or hook capable of holding weights. Gradually, weights are

added to the bucket or hook in small increments while observing the sample for signs of

deformation or breakage. The total weight applied at the point of failure, when the sample

breaks, is recorded.

The tensile strength of the sample is calculated using the formula:

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F. Data Analysis

The following properties will be analyzed:

Thermal Conductivity

Calculated from the thermal insulation test to determine how well the materials

resists heat transfer.

Water Absorption

The water absorption percentage will be calculated and compared between

different set ups of Camanse Husk.

G. Comparison of Results

The performance of the different set ups of Camanse Husk as thermal insulators will be

compared based on their:

 Thermal Conductivity (k) Values

 Water Absorption

 Tensile Strength

Data Analysis and Statistical Tool

To analyze the data gathered, the study will utilize mean, standard deviation,

One-Way ANOVA or Single-Factor ANOVA.

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Figure 1
Flowchart of the Procedure

Gathering Of Materials

Expected Set Ups

A. Pretreatment
Drying Shredding

B. Sample Preparation:

Mixing

1. Molding:
2. Drying and Curing:

C. Thermal Insulation Test:

Data Collection
Calculation of Thermal Conductivity

F. Data Analysis
D. Water Absorption Test E. Tensile Strength
Thermal
Conductivity
Tensile Strength
G. Comparison of Results
Water Absorption
 Thermal Conductivity (k)
Values

Data Analysis and Statistical Tool

(One-Way ANOVA or Single-factor ANOVA)
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CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the results of the statistically treated data which

were gathered in the study as well as the discussion and interpretation of the

results.

Thermal Insulation Test

Table 1.1

Mean Thermal Insulation Percentage of the Thermal Insulator

Treatments n Mean Standard

Deviation

1 7 32.37 0.39

2 7 30.97 0.33

3 7 29.45 0.37

4 7 29.38 0.61

The data shows that Treatment 1 (32.37%) provided the highest

thermal insulation, followed by Treatment 2 (30.97%) and Treatment 3

(29.45%), while Treatment 4 (29.38%), likely the control, had the lowest

insulation efficiency. Treatment 2 had the lowest standard deviation (0.33),

indicating the most consistent results, whereas Treatment 4 had the highest

variation (0.61), making it the least stable setup. The results suggest that
 16

camanse husk panels effectively improve thermal insulation, with Treatment

1 performing best overall. The control setup had the lowest efficiency and

highest variability, reinforcing the advantage of using natural insulation

materials.

Table 1.2

One-way ANOVA for Thermal Insulation

Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit

14.10 72.11 0.00001 3.00
Between Groups 42.31 3

Within Groups 4.69 24 0.19

Total 47.00 27

Table 1.2 indicate a statistically significant difference in thermal

insulation percentages across the four treatments. The F-value (72.11) is

much greater than the critical value (3.00), and the P-value (3.77433E-12) is

far below 0.05, confirming that at least one treatment significantly differs

from the others. The large between-group sum of squares (42.31) compared

to the within-group sum (4.69) suggests that most of the variation in

insulation efficiency is due to differences in treatments rather than random

 17

error. This strongly supports the conclusion that the type of insulation

material used has a significant impact on thermal insulation efficiency.

Water Absorption

Table 2.1

Mean Water Absorption Rate of the Thermal Insulator

Treatments n Mean Standard Deviation

1 7 44.65 0.17

2 7 60.9 0.21

3 7 78.05 0.17

4 7 31.22 0.11

Table 2.1 presents the mean water absorption rate of the thermal

insulator across four different treatments, with each treatment comprises of

seven samples. Treatment 3 exhibited the highest mean water absorption

 18

rate at 78.05, followed by Treatment 2 at 60.9. Treatment 1 had a average

absorption rate of 44.65, while Treatment 4 recorded the lowest value at

31.22. The standard deviation values indicate relatively low variability across

the treatments, ranging from 0.11 to 0.21. The results indicates that

different treatments significantly influenced the material's ability to absorb

water, with Treatment 3 showing the highest absorption capacity and

Treatment 4 is the least.

Table 2.2

One-way ANOVA for Water Absorption

Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit

2874.
31 97355.75 0.00001 3.00
Between Groups 8622.93 3

Within Groups 0.70 24 0.02

Total 8623.64 27
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Table 2.2 indicates a statistically significant difference in water

absorption among the four treatments. The sum of squares (SS) for between-

group variation is 8622.93, which is substantially higher than the within-

group SS of 0.70. The degrees of freedom (df) are 3 for the between-group

variation and 24 for the within-group variation, resulting in mean square

(MS) values of 2874.31 and 0.02, respectively.

The computed F-value of 97355.75 exceeds the critical F-value of 3.00,

and the P-value of 0.00001 is well below the significance level of 0.05. These

findings suggest that the treatments have a significant difference on water

absorption, rejecting the null hypothesis and confirming that at least one of

the treatment groups differs significantly from the others.

Tensile Strength

Table 3.1

Mean Tensile Strength of the Thermal Insulator

Treatments n Mean Standard

Deviation

1 7 1.8 0.13
 20

2 7 2.31 0.11

3 7 2.91 0.13

4 7 1.19 0.09

Table 1.3 shows that the tensile strength of the thermal insulator

varied across treatments, with some differences in consistency. Treatment 3

exhibited the highest mean tensile strength (2.91), followed by Treatment 2

(2.31) and Treatment 1 (1.8), while Treatment 4 had the lowest value (1.19).

The standard deviation values indicate that Treatment 4 had the most

consistent results (0.09), followed by Treatment 2 (0.11), while Treatments 1

and 3 had higher variability (0.13). These findings suggest that while

Treatment 3 had the strongest tensile strength, Treatment 4 showed the

least variation, indicating uniformity in its tensile properties.

Table 3.2

ANOVA
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Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit

Between Groups 11.38 3 3.79 279.61 0.01 3.01

Within Groups 0.32 24 0.01

Total 11.71 27

One-way ANOVA for Tensile Strength

Based on the results of the One-way ANOVA for tensile strength shown

in Table 2.3, the treatments show a significant difference at p < 0.05. The F-

statistic is 279.61 with degrees of freedom (3, 24) and a p-value of

approximately 0.01. Since the p-value is lower than 0.05, this indicates a

statistically significant difference among the treatments. Additionally, the

computed F-value is much higher than the critical F-value of 3.01, further

confirming that at least one treatment’s tensile strength is significantly

different from the others.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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This chapter presents the results of the statistically treated data

gathered from the study along with few further actions recommended for

future researchers.

Conclusion

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Camanse Husk (Artocarpus camansi) as

a thermal insulator, specifically in terms of thermal insulation efficiency, water absorption, and

tensile strength across three different treatments. The findings of this research provide valuable

insights into the potential of agricultural by-products as sustainable insulation materials,

contributing to the growing need for eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic insulators.

With the given results of the study, the following conclusions were made regarding the

optimization of camanse (Artocarpus camansi) husk as a thermal insulator. In terms of thermal

insulation, the results indicate that there is a significant difference among the treatments at

p<0.05, F (3, 24) = 72.11, p = 0.00001. Treatment 1, composed of 30g of camanse husk with

10mL of synthetic glue, exhibited the highest insulation efficiency, with a mean of 32.37% and a

standard deviation of 0.39. These results suggest that camanse husk-based insulation can provide

effective thermal resistance compared to conventional insulators.

For water absorption, Treatment 3, which contained 50g of camanse husk with 10mL of

synthetic glue, had the highest absorption rate with a mean of 78.05% and a standard deviation of

0.17. The ANOVA test confirmed a significant difference between treatments at p<0.05, F (3,

24) = 97355.75, p = 0.00001. This indicates that increasing the amount of camanse husk leads to

higher water absorption, which could be a limiting factor for practical applications in humid

environments.
 23

Regarding tensile strength, Treatment 3 again demonstrated the highest efficiency, with a

mean of 2.91 MPa and a standard deviation of 0.13. The ANOVA results also revealed a

significant difference at p<0.05, F (3, 24) = 279.61, p = 0.01, confirming that the amount of

camanse husk significantly affects the material’s structural integrity.

Comparing the results to commercial insulation materials such as Styrofoam and

aluminum foil, camanse husk-based insulation exhibits competitive thermal insulation properties

but has higher water absorption. However, its tensile strength surpasses that of the control,

indicating its potential as a durable eco-friendly alternative.

Based on these findings, the researchers reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there

is a significant difference in the thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and water absorption rates

among the different treatments of camanse husk and commercial insulation materials.

Recommendations
 24

Based on the conclusions drawn from the study, the following recommendations are

made:

1. Optimize material composition by experimenting with different binders or coatings to

reduce the water absorption of camanse husk-based insulation while maintaining its

thermal efficiency.

2. Explore alternative additives such as natural resins, hydrophobic coatings, or

biodegradable polymers to enhance the insulation’s structural stability and water

resistance.

3. Conduct long-term performance tests to assess the degradation rate of camanse husk

insulation under real-world conditions, including exposure to varying humidity and

temperature levels.

4. Use more precise measuring instruments, such as advanced thermal conductivity meters,

instead of relying solely on the guarded hot plate apparatus, to enhance data accuracy and

reliability.

References
 25

Alyami, M. "The Impact of the Composition and Location of Thermal Insulation in the Building

Envelope on Energy Consumption in Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Hot Climate Regions."

Arab Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 49, 2024, pp. 5305–5351. Springer,

[Link]

"Circular Economy: A New Model for Sustainable Development." World Economic Forum, 2023,

[Link]/agenda/2023/03/circular-economy-a-new-model-for-sustainable-

development/

"Energy Conserving Design for Buildings." Department of Energy (Philippines), 2023,

[Link]/energy-conserving-design-for-buildings/

Gamay, R.A.J., Botecario, P.N., Sanchez, P.D.C, et al. "Durian (Durio zibenthinus) Waste: A Promising

Resource for Food and Diverse Applications—A Comprehensive Review." Food Production,

Processing and Nutrition, vol. 6, no. 27, 2024. [Link]

Mohammed, M., Wickham, L.D. “Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi Blanco)”. Postharvest Biology and

Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits. vol. 1, no. 13, 2011,

[Link]

Mort, Rebecca, et al. "Biobased Foams for Thermal Insulation: Material Selection, Processing,

Modelling, and Performance." RSC Advances, vol. 11, no. 8, 2021,

[Link]

Orwa et al. “Artocarpus camansi.,” Agroforestry Database., no. 2, 2009.

[Link]
 26

Saji., et al. "Characterization of a Novel Biodegradable Composite Made from Jute Fiber and Modified

Starch." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 1887-1897.

[Link]

Smith, J. A., et al. "The Impact of Cellulose and Lignin Content on the Thermal Insulation Properties of

Agricultural By-products." Journal of Biobased Materials, vol. 7, no. 1, 2022, pp. 53-62.

Vėjelis, Sigitas et al. “Performance Evaluation of Thermal Insulation Materials from Sheep's Wool and

Hemp Fibres.” Materials (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 17,13 3339. 5 Jul. 2024,

doi:10.3390/ma17133339
 27

APPENDICES

Appendix A. List of Materials and Equipment

This appendix provides a detailed list of materials and equipment used in the study's

experiments, serving as a comprehensive inventory of resources utilized.

Table 3.1 Project Cost Estimation

ITEM ITEM QUANITY UNIT TOTAL REMARKS

NAME DESCRIPTION PRICE UNIT
PRICE
Bosny Used as a binder 3 Php 167 501
Synthetic to mold the
Glue mixture.
Camanse Used as the 12 Php 10 120 Recycled
(Artocarpus insulation sheet.
Camansi)
Hot Guarded Used to test the 1 Php 2,999 2,999 Recycled
Plate thermal
insulation
performance of
the product.
Thermometer Used to collect 3 Php 57 171 Recycled
the temperature
during the
thermal
insulation test.
Weighing Used to collect 1 Php 599 599 Recycled
Scale the weight of the
product during
water absorption
test.
12 by 8 Wood Used for the 2 Php 80 160 Recycled
panels.

TOTAL 4,550
 28

Appendix B
Initial sketch of the product
 29

Appendix C

Preparation and Collection of Materials and Tools

 30

Appendix D

Construction of Panels

Appendix
 31

Appendix E

Preparation of Mixture

Figure 1.1 Drying Figure 1.2 Grinding

Figure 1.3 Mixing

 32

Appendix F

Preparation of Mixture

Figure 2.1 Molding

Figure 2.2 Drying and Curing

 33

Appendix G

Thermal Insulation
 34

Appendix H

Water Absorption
 35

Appendix I

Tensile Strength
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Appendix J. Raw Data of Testing Procedures

This appendix presents the initial results obtained from various testing procedures,

including the measurements of thermal insulation, water absorption, and creep resistance for

different treatments. The data provided below offers detailed information on the experimental

results.

Table J1

Setups T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7

1 32.5 32.0 32.3 31.8 32.6 33.0 32.4

2 30.5 31.0 30.7 31.2 30.8 31.5 31.1

3 29.0 29.5 29.2 29.8 29.1 30.0 29.6

4 29.0 29.0 29.0 30.5 29.1 30.0 29.2

Thermal Insulation Performance of the Different Treatments in 7 Trials

Table J1 presents the raw data on the thermal insulation performance of the different

treatments across seven trials. The recorded values indicate the thermal resistance of each

treatment, with Setup 1 showing the highest thermal insulation values, followed by Setup 2,

Setup 3, and Setup 4. The slight variations in results across trials may be attributed to differences

in material composition, thickness, and external environmental factors.

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Table J2

Setups T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7

1 48.2% 49.0% 47.8% 48.5% 49.2% 48.7% 44.7%

2 52.3% 51.9% 52.9% 51.5% 52.7% 51.8% 52.4%

3 55.6% 56.2% 55.8% 56.5% 56.0% 56.4% 56.2%

4 3.7% 4.3% 4.0% 3.7% 4.7% 4.3% 4.0%

Water Absorption Rate of the Different Treatments in 7 Trials

Table J2 displays the water absorption rates of the different treatments in seven trials.

The percentage values represent the amount of water absorbed by each setup, with Setup 3

consistently exhibiting the highest absorption rate, followed by Setup 2, Setup 1, and Setup 4.

The results suggest that the varying compositions of Camanse Husk influence the material's

ability to resist water absorption.

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Table J3

Setups T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7

1 1.8 kg 1.7 kg 1.9 kg 1.8 kg 2.0 kg 1.6 kg 1.8 kg

2 2.3 kg 2.2 kg 2.4 kg 2.3 kg 2.5 kg 2.2 kg 2.3 kg

3 2.9 kg 2.8 kg 3.0 kg 2.7 kg 3.1 kg 2.9 kg 3.0 kg

4 1.2 kg 1.1 kg 1.3 kg 1.2 kg 1.1 kg 1.2 kg 1.3 kg

Tensile Strength of the Different Treatments in 7 Trials

Table J3 illustrates the tensile strength of the different treatments over seven trials. The

table records the weight it takes to disrupt the material.

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Appendix K. Data Collection

This appendix provides the data collection process used in this study. The illustrations

show the data collection techniques and instruments employed.