Assignment: Activity Diagram for ATM Login

Aim: To represent the sequence of actions in an ATM transaction using an activity diagram,
depicting user interactions and system processes from card insertion to logout. The diagram
also models exception handling for incorrect PIN attempts.

Activity Diagram Representation:

Introduction
An activity diagram is a UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram that
shows the flow of activities in a system. It helps in understanding the system's
behavior by visualizing the steps involved in a process. In this assignment, I
will explain the ATM login process, provide a detailed breakdown of each
step, and describe the corresponding activity diagram.

Understanding Activity Diagrams

What is an Activity Diagram?

An activity diagram represents a sequence of actions, decisions, and parallel

operations in a system. It is used in software engineering to model business
workflows, user interactions, and system processes.

Key Components of an Activity Diagram

1.​ Initial Node – The starting point of the process (represented by a black
circle).​

2.​ Activity Nodes – Represent actions performed by the system or user

(rectangles with rounded edges).​

3.​ Decision Node – A diamond-shaped node that splits the process based
on conditions.​

4.​ Edges (Arrows) – Show the direction of process flow.​

5.​ Final Node – The endpoint of the process (represented by a black

circle with an outer ring).​

Step-by-Step Explanation of ATM Login Process

Below is a detailed explanation of the ATM login activity diagram based on the given
flowchart.

Step 1: Insert ATM Card

●​ The process starts when the user inserts their ATM card into the machine.

Step 2: System Asks for PIN

●​ The ATM prompts the user to enter their PIN for authentication.

Step 3: Enter PIN

Assignment: Activity Diagram for Deposit in ATM
Aim:

To design an activity diagram representing the deposit process in an ATM, illustrating the
sequence of actions from inserting the card to updating the balance and ending the
transaction.

Activity Diagram Representation:

Introduction
An Activity Diagram is a behavioral UML diagram that visualizes the flow of control in a
system. It represents various activities, decisions, and actions involved in a process. This
assignment focuses on the ATM deposit process, explaining how a user deposits money
into an account.

Understanding Activity Diagrams

What is an Activity Diagram?

An activity diagram represents the flow of activities in a system, showing step-by-step

processes, user decisions, and system responses. It helps developers understand business
logic and process execution.

Key Components of an Activity Diagram:

1.​ Initial Node – Represents the starting point (black circle).

2.​ Activity Nodes – Show system or user actions (rectangles with rounded edges).
3.​ Decision Node – A diamond shape that represents conditions or choices.
4.​ Edges (Arrows) – Indicate the flow of execution between activities.
5.​ Final Node – Represents the termination of the process (black circle with an outer
ring).

Step-by-Step Explanation of the ATM Deposit Process

1.​ Insert ATM Card​

○​ The user inserts the ATM card to initiate the transaction.

2.​ System Asks for PIN​

○​ The ATM prompts the user to enter their Personal Identification Number
(PIN).
3.​ Enter PIN​

○​ The user enters the PIN for authentication.

4.​ PIN Validation​

○​ If the PIN is valid, the process moves forward.

○​ If the PIN is incorrect, the system asks, "Retry?"
■​ If Yes, the user re-enters the PIN.
■​ If No, the system displays "Incorrect PIN" and ends the session.
5.​ Selects Deposit Option​

○​ If authentication is successful, the user selects the Deposit option from the
ATM menu.
6.​ User Enters Amount​

○​ The user inputs the amount to be deposited.

Assignment: Activity Diagram for Withdrawal in ATM
Aim:

To create an activity diagram representing the withdrawal process in an ATM, illustrating

the sequence of actions from inserting the card to cash withdrawal and ending the
transaction.

Activity Diagram Representation:

Introduction

An Activity Diagram is a UML (Unified Modeling Language) behavioral diagram that

models the flow of activities within a system. It provides a graphical representation of the
step-by-step process of a system, highlighting decision points and user interactions.

This assignment explains the ATM withdrawal process, breaking down each step and
depicting it in an activity diagram.
What is an Activity Diagram?

An activity diagram represents the flow of control and data in a system. It shows:

●​ The sequence of operations performed by a system.

●​ User interactions with the system.
●​ Decisions and alternate paths based on conditions.

Key Components of an Activity Diagram:

1.​ Initial Node – Represents the starting point of the process (black circle).
2.​ Activity Nodes – Represent actions performed by the user or system (rectangles
with rounded edges).
3.​ Decision Node – A diamond shape that represents choices or conditions.
4.​ Edges (Arrows) – Indicate the flow of actions between nodes.
5.​ Final Node – Marks the end of the process (black circle with an outer ring).

Step-by-Step Explanation of the ATM Withdrawal Process

1.​ Insert ATM Card​

○​ The process starts when the user inserts their ATM card into the machine.
2.​ System Asks for PIN​

○​ The ATM prompts the user to enter their Personal Identification Number
(PIN).
3.​ Enter PIN​

○​ The user enters the PIN for authentication.

4.​ PIN Validation​

○​ The system validates the entered PIN:

■​ If the PIN is correct, the user proceeds to the transaction menu.
■​ If the PIN is incorrect, the system asks: "Retry?"
■​ If the user chooses Yes, they can re-enter the PIN.
■​ If the user chooses No, the system displays "Incorrect PIN"
and terminates the session.
5.​ User Selects Withdrawal Option​

○​ After successful authentication, the user selects the Withdrawal option from
the transaction menu.
6.​ User Enters Amount​

○​ The user enters the amount they wish to withdraw.

7.​ Balance Check​

○​ The system verifies whether the entered amount is available in the user's
account:
Assignment: Activity Diagram for Fund Transfer in ATM
Aim:

To create an activity diagram that represents the fund transfer process in an ATM,
illustrating the sequence of actions from inserting the ATM card to the completion of the
transfer.

Activity Diagram Representation:

Introduction

An Activity Diagram is a UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram that visually

represents the flow of activities in a system. It helps in understanding step-by-step
interactions between the user and the system while performing a transaction.

In this assignment, we will create an activity diagram for Fund Transfer in ATM and
analyze the attached diagram, explaining its structure and workflow.

What is an Activity Diagram?

An activity diagram is a graphical representation of the workflow of a system, including:

●​ User actions
●​ System responses
●​ Decision-making points
●​ Logical flow of operations

Key Elements of an Activity Diagram:

1.​ Initial Node → Represents the starting point of the process (black circle).
2.​ Activity Nodes → Represent actions (rectangles with rounded edges).
3.​ Decision Node → Represents decision-making conditions (diamond shape).
4.​ Arrows → Indicate the flow of control between activities.
5.​ Final Node → Represents the end of the process (black circle with an outer ring).

Step-by-Step Explanation of Fund Transfer Process

1.​ Insert ATM Card​

○​ The transaction begins when the user inserts their ATM card into the
machine.
2.​ System Asks for PIN​

○​ The ATM prompts the user to enter their Personal Identification Number
(PIN).
3.​ Enter PIN​

○​ The user enters the PIN for authentication.

4.​ PIN Validation​

○​ The system checks if the PIN is valid:

■​ If correct, the user proceeds to the next step.
■​ If incorrect, the system asks “Retry?”
■​ If Yes, the user gets another chance to enter the PIN.
■​ If No, the transaction ends.
5.​ Select Fund Transfer Option​
Assignment: Activity Diagram for Library
Management System
Aim:

To design an Activity Diagram for the Library Management System, illustrating

how a librarian and a customer interact with the system for book transactions, user
management, and fee payments.

Activity Diagram Representation:

Introduction

A Library Management System (LMS) helps in organizing and managing books,

users, and transactions. The Activity Diagram visually represents the workflow of
different actors (librarian & customer) performing tasks such as issuing books,
returning books, managing users, searching books, and paying fees.
What is an Activity Diagram?

An activity diagram is a flowchart-like graphical representation used in UML

(Unified Modeling Language) to describe a system’s behavior. It represents:

●​ User actions
●​ System responses
●​ Decision points
●​ Sequential & parallel processes

Key Elements of an Activity Diagram:

1.​ Initial Node → Represents the starting point (black circle).

2.​ Activity Nodes → Represent actions performed by users or the system
(rectangles).
3.​ Decision Nodes → Represent decision-making conditions (diamond
shapes).
4.​ Fork & Join Nodes → Represent parallel processes (thick bars).
5.​ Arrows → Indicate the flow of actions.
6.​ Final Node → Represents the end of the process (black circle with an outer
ring).

Activity Diagram for Library Management System

Actors Involved:

1.​ Librarian → Manages books & users, issues & returns books.
2.​ Customer (Library Member) → Searches books, borrows & returns books,
pays fees.

Step-by-Step Explanation of the Library Management System

1. User Login

●​ The process starts with the user logging into the system.
●​ The system checks if the user is a Librarian or a Customer.

2. Librarian’s Workflow

Once the librarian logs in, they have access to the following functionalities:

a) Managing Books

●​ The librarian can Add, Update, or Remove books from the system.

b) Managing Users
Assignment: Activity Diagram for Railway
Reservation System
Aim:

To design an Activity Diagram for the Railway Reservation System, illustrating

how users interact with the system for train ticket booking, cancellation, and user
profile management.

Activity Diagram Representation:

Introduction

A Railway Reservation System is an online platform that allows users to search

trains, book tickets, cancel tickets, view booking history, and manage personal
details. The Activity Diagram visually represents the workflow of the system,
including user authentication, train search, ticket booking, and payment processing.

What is an Activity Diagram?

An activity diagram is a flowchart-like graphical representation used in UML

(Unified Modeling Language) to describe a system’s behavior. It represents:

●​ User actions
●​ System responses
●​ Decision points
●​ Sequential & parallel processes

Key Elements of an Activity Diagram:

1.​ Initial Node → Represents the starting point (black circle).

2.​ Activity Nodes → Represent actions performed by users or the system
(rectangles).
3.​ Decision Nodes → Represent decision-making conditions (diamond
shapes).
4.​ Fork & Join Nodes → Represent parallel processes (thick bars).
5.​ Arrows → Indicate the flow of actions.
6.​ Final Node → Represents the end of the process (black circle with an outer
ring).

Activity Diagram for Railway Reservation System

Actors Involved:

1.​ User (Passenger) → Performs tasks such as train search, ticket booking, and
payment.
2.​ System → Handles authentication, booking processing, and payment
validation.

Step-by-Step Explanation of the Railway Reservation System

1. User Login & Registration

●​ The process begins with the user logging into the system.
●​ If the user is new, they must register first before proceeding.
●​ If the user is already registered, the system authenticates the user.
Assignment: Activity Diagram for Online
Shopping System
Aim:

To design an Activity Diagram for the Online Shopping System, illustrating how users
interact with the platform for product browsing, adding items to the cart, placing orders,
making payments, and handling returns/cancellations.

Activity Diagram Representation:

Introduction

An Online Shopping System is an e-commerce platform that allows users to browse

products, add them to the cart, place orders, track shipments, and return/cancel
orders if necessary. The Activity Diagram visually represents the workflow of the
system, including user authentication, checkout, and payment processing.

What is an Activity Diagram?

An activity diagram is a flowchart-like graphical representation used in UML (Unified

Modeling Language) to describe a system’s behavior. It represents:

●​ User actions
●​ System responses
●​ Decision points
●​ Sequential & parallel processes

Key Elements of an Activity Diagram:

1.​ Initial Node → Represents the starting point (black circle).

2.​ Activity Nodes → Represent actions performed by users or the system
(rectangles).
3.​ Decision Nodes → Represent decision-making conditions (diamond shapes).
4.​ Fork & Join Nodes → Represent parallel processes (thick bars).
5.​ Arrows → Indicate the flow of actions.
6.​ Final Node → Represents the end of the process (black circle with an outer ring).

Activity Diagram for Online Shopping System

Actors Involved:

1.​ User (Customer) → Performs tasks such as browsing, adding to cart, making
payments, and order tracking.
2.​ System → Handles authentication, order processing, and payment validation.

Step-by-Step Explanation of the Online Shopping System

1. User Login & Dashboard

●​ The process starts with the user logging into the system.
●​ Upon login, the user is directed to the dashboard, where they can:
○​ Browse & search for products
○​ View & manage the cart
○​ Check order details

2. Browsing & Adding Items to Cart

●​ Users can browse and search products.

Assignment: Activity Diagram for File
Uploading System
Aim:

To design an Activity Diagram for a File Uploading System, illustrating the step-by-step
process of how a user selects, verifies, and uploads a file to a chosen storage location.

Activity Diagram Representation:

Introduction

A File Uploading System is a fundamental feature in many applications, allowing users to

upload files to a server, local storage, or cloud storage. The Activity Diagram visually
represents the workflow of the system, including user actions, system responses,
validation processes, and storage options.

What is an Activity Diagram?

An activity diagram is a UML diagram that represents the flow of actions in a system. It
includes:

●​ User actions (e.g., selecting a file)

●​ System decisions (e.g., checking file type and size)
●​ Parallel processes (e.g., choosing different storage locations)
●​ Decision points (e.g., retrying file selection)

Key Elements of an Activity Diagram:

1.​ Initial Node → Represents the starting point (black circle).

2.​ Activity Nodes → Represent user/system actions (rectangles).
3.​ Decision Nodes → Represent decision-making conditions (diamond shapes).
4.​ Fork & Join Nodes → Represent parallel processing options (thick bars).
5.​ Arrows → Indicate the flow of actions.
6.​ Final Node → Represents the end of the process (black circle with an outer ring).

Activity Diagram for File Uploading System

Actors Involved:

1.​ User → Selects a file and chooses a storage option.

2.​ System → Validates file type and size before proceeding with the upload.

Step-by-Step Explanation of the File Uploading System

1. User Login

●​ The process starts with the user logging into the system.

2. File Selection

●​ The user selects a file for upload.

3. File Validation Process

●​ The system checks whether the file type is supported.

○​ If not supported, the system asks whether the user wants to retry.
○​ If the user chooses not to retry, the process terminates.
Assignment: Activity Diagram for Online Food
Ordering System
Aim:

To design an Activity Diagram for an Online Food Ordering System, illustrating the
step-by-step process of how a user selects a restaurant, adds items to the cart, confirms
delivery details, makes a payment, and completes an order.

Activity Diagram Representation:

Introduction

An Online Food Ordering System allows users to browse menus, place food orders,
and make payments digitally. The Activity Diagram provides a visual representation of
the workflow, including user actions, system decisions, and parallel payment options.

What is an Activity Diagram?

An activity diagram is a UML diagram that represents the flow of actions in a system. It
includes:

●​ User actions (e.g., selecting a restaurant, adding food to the cart).

●​ System processes (e.g., displaying the menu, confirming the order).
●​ Decision points (e.g., modifying the cart, changing the address).
●​ Parallel paths (e.g., multiple payment options).
●​ Start and End points (black circles).

Key Elements of an Activity Diagram:

1.​ Initial Node → Represents the starting point (black circle).

2.​ Activity Nodes → Represent user/system actions (rectangles).
3.​ Decision Nodes → Represent decision-making conditions (diamond shapes).
4.​ Fork & Join Nodes → Represent parallel processing options (thick bars).
5.​ Arrows → Indicate the flow of actions.
6.​ Final Node → Represents the end of the process (black circle with an outer ring).

Activity Diagram for Online Food Ordering System

Actors Involved:

1.​ User → Places the order and makes the payment.

2.​ System → Displays the menu, verifies order details, processes payment, and
confirms the order.

Step-by-Step Explanation of the Online Food Ordering System

1. User Login

●​ The process starts with the user logging into the system.

2. Selecting a Restaurant

●​ The user selects a restaurant from the available list.

3. Viewing Menu & Adding Items to Cart

●​ The system displays the menu.

●​ The user adds desired food items to the cart.