Floods are the most common natural disaster, caused primarily by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or storm surges, leading to significant loss of life and property damage. Vulnerable populations, particularly those in floodplains, face increased risks as floods become more frequent and intense due to climate change. Various factors contribute to flooding, including prolonged rainfall, soil saturation, deforestation, and urbanization, while the consequences include agricultural damage, destruction of habitats, health hazards, and disruption of essential services.