DESK STUDY
CIE/22/01/1062
DESK STUDY AS A STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Prepared by: Kelly Kukua Kaitoo, BSc Civil Engineering
Date: 22nd May, 2025
Project: Structural Feasibility Assessment for Proposed Classroom Block
Client: Central Senior High School, Physical Development and Planning Directorate.
INTRODUCTION
This report presents an initial assessment for a proposed new classroom block at the main campus of Central
Senior High School. The aim of this study is to identify potential constraints and advantages associated with
various factors, including topography, soil conditions, accessibility, environmental considerations, existing
infrastructure, and relevant planning regulations.
A comprehensive desk study has been conducted, utilizing maps, satellite imagery, historical land use data,
utility information, and significant geological and environmental reports. This analysis is designed to mitigate
potential risks, determine the optimal location for the proposed buildings, and ensure compliance with all legal
requirements and sustainable practices.
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Fig 1: Satellite image of the site along the years.
SITE DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
The site is situated in the southeastern section of the campus, approximately 50 meters from the former
administrative offices. The total area of the site encompasses 19.41 acres, which is equivalent to approximately
78549.483 square meters. It features an open lawn interspersed with some scattered shrubs. The terrain is
relatively flat, with a gentle slope that descends toward the south.
The site does not feature many permanent structures with exception to the structure located southwest of the
site; however, it is equipped with walkways to support the area. To the north, there are existing faculty
buildings, while student accommodations are located to the east. Additionally, a service road runs along the
southern edge of the site.
HISTORICAL USE AND EXISTING RECORDS
An examination of maps spanning from 1995 to 2024, along with reviews of landscape management practices,
indicates that the site in question remains undeveloped and is primarily designated as part of the greenbelt
buffer surrounding the campus. The strategic intention behind this designation within the master plan was to
preserve the area as open space, facilitating the maintenance of natural airflow pathways and diverse biological
species in the southern zone of the campus.
Historically, the terrain has supported adequate vegetation, including species such as neem (Azadirachta indica),
flamboyant (Delonix regia), and several varieties of acacia, some of which are still present at the site today. It is
estimated that these trees are between 15 and 25 years old, with roots likely extending into the topsoil. While
the existing grassland plays a role in erosion prevention and contributes positively to the environment, it is
essential to consider that its roots may influence moisture levels in the shallow topsoils, particularly when
reactive clays are present.
There is no evidence to suggest that any excavation, backfilling, or compaction work has previously occurred
on the site. Historical records from the campus maintenance logs indicate that the area has primarily been
maintained through grass cutting and tree pruning by the grounds department of the university. Analysis
confirms that activities such as dumping, trenching, or the installation of subsurface services have not taken
place in the central portion of the plot.
An environmental audit conducted in 2019 as part of a campus sustainability initiative classified this area as
having a low risk of contamination, suggesting that it may be suitable for low- to medium-sized buildings,
contingent upon appropriate evaluations being conducted.
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Given its stable history and the lack of anthropogenic changes, experts consider the area to be favorable for
future construction. However, it is crucial that the foundation design process account for tree removal and the
management of soil moisture levels following site clearance.
Fig 2: Image illustrating the grassland and trees.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PLANNING PROCESS
This site has been carefully chosen, as it is located outside any conservation or protection zones. Recent
assessments confirm that there is no risk of flooding, and the location is elevated enough to stay dry even during
heavy rainfall. In alignment with the Ghana Building Code and appropriate planning regulations, we appreciate
the promotion of educational institutions in this area. To proceed, we're committed to submitting the required
building plans and obtaining the necessary approvals for environmental and fire safety.
STRUCTURES NEAR THE SITE
Nearby, flat reinforced concrete buildings with hollow block infill stand strong and resilient. From our
observations, there are no signs of settlement or damage, showcasing the enduring stability of the structures in
the area.
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Accessing the site can be conveniently achieved via the existing service road, which facilitates the
transportation of supplies without any significant issues. Additionally, it would be beneficial to allocate a bit of
extra space to accommodate construction vehicles effectively.
INITIAL STEPS IN BUILDING DESIGN
The following assumptions for the structural design are recommended based on the available data. We can
consider strip or pad foundations, depending on the insights from geotechnical experts, which may be suitable at
depths of 1.5–2.0m below ground. A reinforced concrete frame is suggested for its flexibility, strength, and
compatibility with nearby structures. It is important to incorporate seismic features in line with the local seismic
zone to ensure safety. Furthermore, we should base the design floor loadings on the educational occupancy
classes outlined in BS EN 1991 or the Ghana Building Code. Your partnership in this effort will significantly
contribute to the overall success of the project.
