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System Administration
&
Maintenance
The basics of system administration
Dr. Ahmed Alnasheri 11/9/2020
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 1
Lecture Objectives
1. Some of the sysadmin responsibility
2.Understand why DNS and DHCP servers are used.
3.What is needed to set them up.
4.Learn about the physical infrastructure services in an
organization that make server management easier.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 2
Organizational Policies
1. In a small company, it's usually a sys admin's responsibility to
decide what computer policies to use.
2. In larger companies with hundreds of employees or more, this
responsibility usually falls under the chief security officer.
3. But in smaller businesses or shops, as the IT lingo goes, the sys
admin has to think carefully about computer security and whether
or not to allow access to certain users.
4. There are few common policy questions that come up in most IT
settings that you should know.
I. Should users be allowed to install software? Probably not.
II. Should users have complex passwords with certain requirements?
III. Should you be able to view non-work related websites like Facebook, Twitter?
IV. Whenever policies are decided upon, have to be documented somewhere.
5. The takeaway here is that having documentation of policies already
available to your employees will help them learn and maintain
those policies.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 3
IT Infrastructure Services
• Additionally, an enterprise IT infrastructure management team is typically responsible for the
following essential IT elements and services:
• The services that the IT infrastructure management team delivers are typically behind the scenes.
• They maintain the technology that supports the daily operations, such as Internet, email, and
data accessibility. The team relies heavily on real or near real-time management and monitoring
solutions in order to maintain productivity.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 4
User and Hardware Provisioning
• In other responsibilities sys admins have is managing users and hardware.
• sys admins have to be able to create new users and give them access to their company's resources.
• On the flipside of that, they also have to remove users from an IT infrastructure if users leave the
company.
• It's not just user accounts they have to worry about, sys admins are also responsible for user machines.
• They have to make sure a user is able to log in and that the computer has the necessary software that a
user needs to be productive.
• Sys admins also have to ensure that the hardware they are provisioning or setting up for users is
standardized in some way.
• Not only do sys admins have to standardize settings on a machine, they have to figure out the
hardware lifecycle of a machine.
- When was it built?
- When was it first used?
- Did the organization buy it brand new or was it used?
- Who maintained it before?
- How many users have used it in the current organization?
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 5
Hardware lifecycle
•There are four main stages of the hardware lifecycle.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 6
Vendors
• Not only do sys admins in a small company work with using computers,
they also have to deal with printers and phones, too.
• Sys admins might be responsible for making sure printers are working or if
renting a commercial printer, they have to make sure that someone can be
on site to fix it.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 7
Other Sysadmin Responsibilities
• Troubleshooting and Managing Issues
• In Case of Fire, Break Glass
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 8
Types of IT Infrastructure Services
➢There are lots of types of IT infrastructure services out there.
➢Essentially, you manage these servers end-to-end.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 9
Types of IT Infrastructure Services
➢There's another option. If you don't
want to be responsible for managing
the hardware tasks and updating your
server operating systems security
patches and updates, you can use the
Cloud alternative to maintain your
own infrastructure, which is called
Infrastructure as a Service, or IaaS.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 10
Types of IT Infrastructure Services
➢Network can be integrated in
an IaaS provider, but in recent
years, it's also been branched
off into its own Cloud service,
Networking as a Service or
NaaS.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 11
Types of IT Infrastructure Services
➢The Cloud alternative to
maintaining your own
software is known as
Software as a Service, or
SaaS.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 12
Types of IT Infrastructure Services
➢If you want an all-in-one
solution to building and
deploying a web application,
you can use something called
Platform as a Service, or
PaaS.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 13
Types of IT Infrastructure Services
➢Some popular directory services
that you can set up are Windows
Active Directory, OpenLDAP, and
we'll dive a little deeper into both
of these later on in this course.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 14
Types of IT Infrastructure Services
➢Directory services can also be deployed in the Cloud
using Directory as a Service, or DaaS providers.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 15
Server Operating Systems
➢When you want to set up a server, you essentially install a service or application on that server like a FAS
storage service.
➢NetApp offers two main storage systems. First is the NetApp filer, also known as NetApp Fabric
Attached Storage (FAS). This series operates in the enterprise class Storage Area Network (SAN)
environment. It presents storage over the network using file-based protocols like CIFS, FTP, HTTP, and NFS.
➢The net server will provide those services to the machines that request it.
➢Maybe you thought you'd install services on, or use operating system like Windows 10.
➢While that's an option, typically, in an organization, you want to install your services on a server operating
system.
➢Server operating systems are regularly operating systems that are optimized for server functionality.
➢This includes functions like allowing more network connections and more RAM capacity.
➢Most operating systems have versions specifically made for servers. Example ?
➢Server operating systems are usually more secure and come with additional services already built in. So, you
don't have to set up these services separately.
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 16
The End
System Administration and Maintenance ( Lecture Two ) 17
