Problem 1: A survey by an electric company contains questions on the following:

1. Age of household head. Quantitative Ratio

2. Sex of household head. Qualitative Nominal

3. Number of people in the household. Quantitative Ratio

4. Use of electric heating (yes or no). Qualitative Nominal

5. Number of large appliances used daily. Quantitative Ratio

6. Thermostat setting in winter. Quantitative interval

7. Average number of hours heating is on. Quantitative ratio

8. Average number of heating days.

9. Household income.

10. Average monthly electric bill.

11. Ranking of this electric company as compared with two previous electricity suppliers.

Qualitative ordinal

1. Apple
2. Sam sung
3. Oppol

Describe the variables implicit in these 11 items as quantitative or qualitative, and describe the
scales of measurement.

Problem 2: Below are 15 questions from a survey of MBA students. Answers were written in the
blank at the left of each question. For each question, state the data type (categorical, discrete
numerical, or continuous numerical) and measurement level (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).
Explain your reasoning. If there is doubt, discuss the alternatives

1) What is your gender? (Male 50, Female 51)

2) What is your approximate undergraduate college GPA? (1.0 to 4.0) Interval

3) About how many hours per week do you expect to work at an outside job this semester?

4) What do you think is the ideal number of children for a married couple?

5) On a 1 to 5 scale, which best describes your parents? (Likert scale)

1 = Mother clearly dominant ↔ 5 = Father clearly dominant

1 = Very bad ↔ 5 = Very good (Likert scale)

7) During the last month, how many times has your schedule been disrupted by car trouble?

8) About how many years of college does the more-educated one of your parents have? (years)

9) During the last year, how many traffic tickets (excluding parking) have you received?

10) Which political orientation most nearly fits you? (1 = Liberal, 2 = Middle-of-Road, 3
=Conservative)

11) What is the age of the car you usually drive? (years)

12) About how many times in the past year did you attend formal religious services?

13) How often do you read a daily newspaper? (0 = Never, 1 = Occasionally, 2 = Regularly)

14) Can you conduct simple transactions in a language other than English?

(0 = No, 1 = Yes)

15) How often do you exercise (aerobics, running, etc)? (0 = Not at All, 1 = Sometimes, 2
=Regularly).

Problem 3: According to a report from the World Health Organization, the United States ranked
first among the countries with the highest obesity rates in 2019. The report revealed that over
39% of the American population was classified as obese, with 42% of them being adolescents.
In 2022, a study conducted by Parkland Memorial Hospital in Texas gathered data from 2,000
individuals aged 25 to 35 residing in four states: Delaware, Iowa, Ohio, and Texas, which were
identified as having the highest obesity rates. The report indicated that 41% of the participants
in the study were classified as obese, suggesting a concerning trend. Additionally, this figure
predicted a further increase in the coming years.

(a) What is the sample? And What is the population for the study of Parkland Memorial Hospital

Sample: 2,000 individuals aged 25 to 35 residing in four states: Delaware, Iowa, Ohio, and Texas

Population: All individuals (aged 25 to 35) residing in four states: Delaware, Iowa, Ohio, and
Texas

(b) What is the level of measurement used in the study of Parkland Memorial Hospital

Chỉ phân loại béo phì và không béo phì

Nominal

(c) What is the sampling method used in the study of Parkland Memorial Hospital?
Stratified + Cluster

Problem 4: The 2022 Living Standards Survey in Vietnam aims to assess the living conditions of
the population; and measure poverty and income inequality within the community to serve in
the formulation of policies, plans, and national target programs and socio-economic
development. The survey was conducted in 63 provinces and centrally-governed cities,
including 46,995 households representing the whole country. Income increased steadily in both
urban and rural areas. According to the General Statistics Office, the average monthly per
capita income in 2022 in urban areas reached nearly 5.95 million dong (up 10.4% compared to
2021), 1.54 times higher than the average income in rural areas of 3.86 million dong (up 10.8%
compared to 2021). At the same time, the average monthly per capita expenditure in 2022 was
approximately 2.8 million dong, down 3.3% compared to 2020. It can be seen that under the
impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, households tend to tighten spending, especially those living
in urban areas. The average monthly per capita expenditure in urban areas was 3.3 million dong
(down 13.6% compared to 2020), while in rural areas it was nearly 2.5 million dong (up 4.7%
compared to 2020). In 2022, the gap between urban and rural areas narrowed, mainly due to
reduced spending by people living in urban areas.

(a) What is the sample? And What is the population for the Living Standards Survey in Vietnam

Sample: 46,995 households in 63 provinces

Population: All …

(b) What is the level of measurement used in the Living Standards Survey in Vietnam?

Ratio

(c) What is the sampling method used in the Living Standards Survey?

Cluster

(d) what is the type of data? ( Time series data or crossectional data)
Problem 5: DALLAS, Jan. 24, 2024 — More than half of people in the U.S. (51%) do not know
that heart disease is the leading cause of death in the country, according to a recent Harris Poll
survey conducted on behalf of the American Heart Association in November 2023. Yet, heart
disease has now been the top 1 killer for more than a century, according to the 2024 Heart
Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of U.S. and Global Data From the American Heart
Association. The annual update published today in Circulation, the peer-reviewed, flagship
journal of the American Heart Association, the nation’s oldest and largest voluntary
organization dedicated to fighting heart disease and stroke, celebrating 100 years of lifesaving
work in 2024.

“Heart disease has now been the leading cause of death in this country for 100 years straight,
since 1921, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,” said Joseph C. Wu,
volunteer president of the American Heart Association. Besides, Heart disease along with
stroke, which is the fifth leading cause of death, claims more lives in the U.S. than all forms of
cancer and chronic lower respiratory disease combined, based on the most recent data
available. So, the results of this survey, finding that most people do not know the significant
impact of heart disease, is discouraging and even a bit frightening.”

In the survey, only 49% of people named heart disease as the leading cause of death; 16% said
they didn’t know the leading cause and 18% listed cancer as the top cause of death in the U.S.
Wu cautioned that this lack of knowledge and awareness is potentially deadly, as this year’s
statistical update reports that nearly half of all people in the U.S. (48.6%) have some type of
cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke and, most
notably, high blood pressure.

This survey was conducted online within the United States by The Harris Poll on behalf of the
American Heart Association via its Harris On Demand omnibus platform. The survey was
fielded between November 16-21, 2023, among 6,077 adults (aged 18 and over). Data are
weighted where necessary by age, gender, region, race/ethnicity, household income,
education, marital status, size of household, and propensity to be online to bring them in line
with their actual proportions in the population.

(a) What is the sample? And What is the population for the above survey?

sample: 6,077 adults (aged 18 and over) in the U.S.

Population: all adults in the U.S

(b) What is the level of measurement used in the survey?

Ordinal

(c) What is the sampling method used in the survey?

(d) What is the type of data? (Time series data or crossectional data)