Question 1.
An iodine test is done to test the presence of
Answer 1: (d) Starch
Explanation: The iodine test determines the presence of carbohydrates known as starch in leaves.
The steps for the iodine test are as below:
1. Take a potted plant.
2. Take a strip of black paper and cut out a small square in the centre.
3. Cover a part of the leaf with this black paper and keep the plant in sunlight for 2-5 days.
4. Uncover the leaf and pour a few drops of iodine solution on both portions.
5. The portion exposed to sunlight will change the colour to blue-black; on the other hand, the portion
covered by the black paper will show no colour change.
Conclusion: Leaves cannot carry out photosynthesis without sunlight, that means that no starch can
be found on the area where photosynthesis hasn’t occured. Starch reacts to iodine and changes the
colour to blue-black only in the parts of leaves which are exposed to sunlight.
Question 2. Organisms that prepare food for themselves using simple, naturally available
raw materials are referred to as
Answer 2: (b) Autotrophs
Question 4. The term that is used for the mode of nutrition in yeast, mushroom and bread
mould is
Answer 4: (c) Saprophytic
Question 7. A thin outer boundary surrounding the cell is called Answer
7: (a) Cell membrane
Question 10. During photosynthesis:
(а) Solar energy is converted into chemical energy
(b) Solar energy is converted into mechanical energy
(c) Chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy
(d) Bioenergy is converted into chemical energy Answer 10: (a) Solar energy is
converted into chemical energy.
Question 12. Name the following
(a) A parasitic plant with a yellow, slender and branched stem. (a)
Cuscuta
(b) a partially autotrophic plant. (b) Pitcher
plant
(c) The pores through which leave exchange gases. (c)
Stomata
Question 14. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. But farmers who cultivate
pulse crops like green gram, Bengal gram, black gram, etc., do not use nitrogenous
fertilisers during cultivation. Why?
Answer 14: Farmers who cultivate pulse crops like green gram, Bengal gram, black gram, etc., do
not use nitrogenous fertilisers during cultivation because these crops derive nitrogen naturally from
the rhizobium bacteria present in the root cells of the plant.
Question 20. A goat eats away all the leaves of a small plant (balsam). However, in a few
days, new leaves could be seen sprouting in the plant again. How did the plant survive
without leaves?
Answer 20: Plants have food stored in roots and stems. In the absence of leaves, plants use this
stored food to survive until the new leaves are grown.
Question 24. If left in the open after a few days, the wheat dough emits a foul smell and
becomes unfit for use. Give a reason.
Answer 24: Saprophytic organisms like yeast and fungus germinate and grow on the wheat dough
when left uncovered or open for a few days. These organisms break down the Carbohydrates present
in the wheat dough into simple components, leaving the dough with a foul smell and unfit to use.
1. What is the primary mode of nutrition in plants? Ans.
Autotrophic
2 . Which part of the plant is mainly involved in the absorption of light energy?
Ans. Leaves
3. What is the green pigment called that is essential for photosynthesis?
Ans. Chlorophyll
4. Through which part of the plant does carbon dioxide enter the leaves?
Ans. Stomata
5. What are the organisms called that synthesize their food from inorganic
materials?
Ans. Autotrophs
9. What kind of plants are called saprotrophs?
Ans. Plants that feed on dead and decaying
matter
10. What is nitrogen fixed by in the soil to become usable for plants?
Ans. Bacteria
12. What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis Ans- It captures light energy
13. Which type of nutrition do fungi use? Ans. Saprotrophic
14. What are stomata? Ans. Small openings on the surface of leaves
16. What is the main product of photosynthesis? Ans. Glucose
18. Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of proteins in plants? Ans.
Nitrogen
19. What is transpiration? Ans. Loss of water from
leaves
22. What is the main reason plants need nitrogen? Ans. To synthesize proteins
26. What are lichens an example of? Ans. Symbiosis
27. What role do fungi play in ecosystems? Ans. They decompose dead
organic matter
30. What do guard cells regulate? Ans. Opening and closing of
stomata
32. What is the term for plants that make their food using inorganic
substances?
Ans. Autotrophs
34. What process do fungi use to obtain nutrients? Ans. Saprotrophic nutrition
37. What do legumes use to fix nitrogen? Ans. Rhizobium bacteria
38. What is the function of manure added to soil? Ans. To add nutrients
40. Which of the following minerals plays a major role in energy storage and
transfer of ADP into ATP molecules? Ans.
Phosphorus
43. How many essential nutrients does a plant require? Ans. 17
44. Which of the following minerals is required by the plants in large
quantities?
Ans. Phosphorus
46. Chlorosis is yellowing of the leaves, caused due to the deficiency of
Manganese Zinc
Potassium
47. Which of the following minerals is required for the synthesis of
chlorophyll? Ans. Iron
9: What is cell?
Answer: The body of living organisms are made of tiny units called cells,
therefore Cell are called the building blocks of living organism. Cells can be
seen only under the microscope. Some organisms are made of single cell they
are called Unicellular. Ex. Amoeba, Paramecium etc. While others are made of
multicells and are called multicellular. Ex. man, t20: What is saprotrophic
mode of nutrition?
Answer: This mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients in
solution form from dead and decaying matter is called saprotrophic nutrition.
Plants which use saprotrophic mode of nutrition are called saprotrophs.
Example Fungi that secrete digestive juices on the dead and decaying matter
and convert it into a solution. Then they absorb the nutrients from it.
21: What do you understand by symbiotic relationship present in
some organism?
Answer: Some organisms live together and share shelter and nutrients. This is
called symbiotic relationship. E.g. an alga, and a fungus live together fungus
provides shelter, water and minerals to the alga and, in return, the alga
provides food which it prepares by photosynthesis. In this kind of association
both partners are benefited.
22: How nutrients are replenished in soil?
Answer: Nutrients are replenished in soil by following ways:
By spreading manure or fertilizers that contain nutrients such as nitrogen in
the fields
By the bacterium Rhizobium that is commonly present in rot nodules of
leguminous plant that can take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a
soluble form like nitrates.
Question 27. Sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water and minerals are raw
materials essential for photosynthesis. Do you know where they are available? Fill
in the blanks with the appropriate raw materials:
(a) Available in the plant : _______________
(b) Available in the soil : _______________, _______________
(c) Available in the air : _______________
(d) Available during day : _______________
An iodine test is done to test the presence of……………………..
(d) Starch
The term that is used for the mode of nutrition in yeast, mushroom and bread
mould is Saprophytic
1)Which bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into soluble form?
Rhizobium
2)Chlorophyll is present inside the
Thylakoids
3)How does photosynthesis help to maintain the percentage of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? ( By giving off
oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide.)
4)Which structure in a green plant controls the opening and closing of
stomata? (Guard cell )
5)Chlorophyll is found in oval-shaped structures called as
(chloroplast)
6)Ultimate source of energy for all living organisms is
( Sun)
7)Which of the following component of food provide us energy
(Carbohydrates)
8) Algae and fungi live together in (Lichen)
9) The byproduct of photosynthesis is (Oxygen)
10) What is the role of the bacteria in leguminous plants (Convert
atmospheric nitrogen gas
into soil
nitrates.)
11)Conduction of inorganic materials in plants occur mainly through minerals
absorbed by roots move to the leaf through
(Xylem)
12) Herbivores are _________ eating animals. ( Plant)
13) 18. Which of the following, one element has not been proven to be
essential in plants
(a) Potassium
(b) Sodium
(c) Zinc
(d) Iron (Sodium)
14) What is the principal source of energy input to biological systems?
(Light from the sun.)
15) Components of food are called. (Nutrients)
16) Which part of the leaf controls the rate of loss of water to the air?
(Stomata )
17) Organism that live and derive food from others are called
( Parasite)
1/Human beings can be categorized as- heterotrophs
2/ Which part of plant is called food factory?- Leaves
Distinguish between a parasite and saprophyte.
Ans: Differences between parasites and saprophytes are as follows:
Parasite Saprophyte
i. Parasites are living entities
i. Saprophytes are organisms that
that rely on their host to
feed on decomposing or dead
survive.
substances.
ii. Humans, animals, and
ii. Saprophytes are found solely in
plants all have parasites.
plants and animals.
iii. They belong to the category
iii. Saprophytes can be eukaryotic or
of eukaryotic organisms.
prokaryotic.
iv. Examples- Tapeworms and
iv. Examples- Mushrooms, molds.
barnacles.
Q3. How would you test the presence of starch in leaves?
Ans: When starch reacts with an iodine solution, it takes on a characteristic dark blue colour.
If a few drops of iodine solution are applied to a leaf and a dark blue colour develops, the
existence of starch in the leaf is confirmed.
Why do farmers grow many fruits and vegetable crops inside large green houses?
What are the advantages to the farmers?
Farmers grow many fruits and vegetable crops inside large green houses as it protects crops
from external climatic conditions and provides optimal temperature for the growth of plants.
