Assembly Instruction Reference Guide
Data Manipulation Instructions
ADDLW - Add Literal and W
What it does: Adds an 8-bit literal value to the W register. Syntax: [label] ADDLW k Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operation: (W) + k → (W) Status Affected: C, DC, Z Example:
MOVLW 5 ; Load W with 5
ADDLW 10 ; Add 10 to W, W now equals 15
ADDWF - Add W and f
≤ 127, d ∈ {0,1} Operation: (W) + (f) → (destination) Status Affected: C, DC, Z Example:
What it does: Adds the W register to the contents of register f. Syntax: [label] ADDWF f,d Operands: 0 ≤ f
MOVLW 5 ; Load W with 5
MOVWF 20 ; Store 5 in register 20
ADDWF 20,1 ; Add W (5) to register 20, store result in register 20 (now 10)
ANDLW - AND Literal with W
What it does: Performs a bitwise AND between an 8-bit literal and the W register. Syntax: [label] ANDLW k
Operands: 0 ≤ k ≤ 255 Operation: (W) AND k → (W) Status Affected: Z Example:
MOVLW 0xF5 ; Load W with 11110101
ANDLW 0x0F ; AND with 00001111, W now equals 00000101 (0x05)
ANDWF - AND W with f
Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127, d ∈ {0,1} Operation: (W) AND (f) → (destination) Status Affected: Z Example:
What it does: Performs a bitwise AND between W register and register f. Syntax: [label] ANDWF f,d
MOVLW 0xAA ; Load W with 10101010
MOVWF 30 ; Store in register 30
MOVLW 0xF0 ; Load W with 11110000
ANDWF 30,1 ; AND W (11110000) with register 30 (10101010)
; Result in register 30 is 10100000
Bit Manipulation Instructions
BCF - Bit Clear f
What it does: Clears a specific bit in register f. Syntax: [label] BCF f,b Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127, 0 ≤ b ≤ 7
Operation: 0 → (f<b>) Status Affected: None Example:
MOVLW 0xFF ; Load W with 11111111
MOVWF 40 ; Store in register 40
BCF 40,3 ; Clear bit 3 of register 40, now contains 11110111
BSF - Bit Set f
What it does: Sets a specific bit in register f. Syntax: [label] BSF f,b Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127, 0 ≤ b ≤ 7
Operation: 1 → (f<b>) Status Affected: None Example:
MOVLW 0x00 ; Load W with 00000000
MOVWF 50 ; Store in register 50
BSF 50,6 ; Set bit 6 of register 50, now contains 01000000
Program Flow Instructions
BTFSS - Bit Test f, Skip if Set
What it does: Tests a bit in register f and skips the next instruction if that bit is set. Syntax: [label] BTFSS
f,b Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127, 0 ≤ b ≤ 7 Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 1 Status Affected: None Example:
MOVLW 0x04 ; Load W with 00000100
MOVWF 60 ; Store in register 60
BTFSS 60,2 ; Test bit 2 of register 60, it's set (1), so skip next instruction
MOVLW 0xFF ; This instruction is skipped
MOVLW 0x22 ; W is loaded with 0x22
BTFSC - Bit Test f, Skip if Clear
What it does: Tests a bit in register f and skips the next instruction if that bit is clear. Syntax: [label] BTFSC
f,b Operands: 0 ≤ f ≤ 127, 0 ≤ b ≤ 7 Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 0 Status Affected: None Example:
MOVLW 0x08 ; Load W with 00001000
MOVWF 70 ; Store in register 70
BTFSC 70,0 ; Test bit 0 of register 70, it's clear (0), so skip next instruction
MOVLW 0x33 ; This instruction is skipped
MOVLW 0x44 ; W is loaded with 0x44
Status Register Flags
These instructions affect status flags in various ways:
Z (Zero): Set when the result of an operation is zero
C (Carry): Set when an addition produces a carry or when a subtraction produces a borrow
DC (Digit Carry): Set when an addition or subtraction operation produces a carry from the 4th bit (used for BCD
operations)
Common Program Patterns
Bit Checking and Branching
BTFSC PORTA,0 ; Check if bit 0 of PORTA is clear
GOTO BIT_IS_SET ; Skip if bit is set
; Code for when bit is clear
GOTO CONTINUE
BIT_IS_SET:
; Code for when bit is set
CONTINUE:
Register Clearing
MOVLW 0x00 ; Load W with 0
MOVWF COUNTER ; Clear the COUNTER register
Bit Toggle
MOVLW 0x01 ; Load W with 00000001
XORWF FLAGS,1 ; Toggle bit 0 of FLAGS register
