Computational Physics

MSc Part-II
➢ Programs in C++;
1: To calculate sum of two numbers
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

inta,b,c;

a=5;

b=7;

c=a+b;

cout<<" a= "<<a<<endl;

cout<<" b= "<<b<<endl;

cout<<" c= "<<c<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

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 2: To calculate sum of two numbers taking the input from
user
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

inta,b,c;

cout<<" Enter a= ";

cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter b= ";

cin>>b;

c=a+b;

cout<<"\n c= "<<c;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch (); }

3: To calculate sum of three numbers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

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 inta,b,c,d;

cout<<" Enter a= ";

cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter b= ";

cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter c= ";

cin>>c;

d=a+b+c;

cout<<"\n d= "<<d<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

4: To calculate sum and average of two numbers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

floata,b,c,avg;

cout<<" Enter a= ";

cin>>a;

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 cout<<" Enter b= ";

cin>>b;

c=a+b;

cout<<" c= "<<c;

avg=(a+b)/2;

cout<<"\n avg= "<<avg;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

5: To calculate area & circumference of a circle

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

floatr,A,C;

float pi=3.14;

cout<<" Enter r= ";

cin>>r;

A=pi*r*r;

cout<<"\n A= "<<A;

C=2*pi*r;

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 cout<<"\n C= "<<C;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

6: To calculate Area of Ellipse

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

floata,b,A;

float pi=3.14;

cout<<" Enter a= ";

cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter b= ";

cin>>b;

A=pi*a*b;

cout<<" Area of Ellipse= "<<A<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

7: To calculate kinetic Energy

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 #include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

floatm,v,KE;

cout<<" Enter m= ";

cin>>m;

cout<<" Enter v= ";

cin>>v;

KE=(m*v*v)/2;

cout<<" Kinetic Energy= "<<KE<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

8: To calculate hero formula

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

floata,b,c,A,s;

cout<<" Enter a= ";

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 cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter b= ";

cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter c= ";

cin>>c;

s=(a+b+c)/2;

A=sqrt(s*(s+a)*(s+b)*(s+c));

cout<<"\n A= "<<A<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch() ; }

❖ Repetition:- (Loop)
There are two types of repetition(loop):

1).For loop:
To repeat for n times.

2).While loop:
To repeat while condition is true.

“FOR-LOOP”
9: To print out 'welcome' for 5 times (Hint= using for loop)
#include<iostream.h>

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 #include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++)

cout<<" Welcome "<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch() ; }

10: To find out even numbers from 1 to 15

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

for(int i=2; i<=15; i=i+2)

cout<<i<<" ";

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

11: To print out odd numbers from 1 to 15

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

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 #include<math.h>

void main() {

for(int i=1; i<=15; i=i+2)

cout<<i<<" ";

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

12: To find out even numbers from 1 to 10 and their sum

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int s=0;

for(int i=2; i<=10; i=i+2){

cout<<i<<" ";

s=s+i; }

cout<<" sum= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

13: To find out odd numbers from 1 to 15 and their sum

#include<iostream.h>

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 #include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int s=0;

for(int i=1; i<=15; i=i+2) {

cout<<i<<" ";

s=s+i; }

cout<<"\n sum= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

14: To print out table of 5

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int n=5;

for(int i=1; i<=10; i++)

cout<<n<<" x "<<i<<" = "<<(n*i)<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

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 15: To print out table of any number
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int n;

cout<<" Enter n= ";

cin>>n;

for(int i=1; i<=10; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<n<<" x "<<i<<" = "<<(n*i)<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

16: To calculate sum & average of 1st n integers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

floatn,avg;

float s=0;

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 cout<<" Enter n ";

cin>>n;

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) {

cout<<i<<" ";

s=s+i; }

avg=s/n;

cout<<"\n sum= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n avg= "<<avg<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

17: To calculate the factorial of a number taking input from

user
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float n;

float p=1;

cout<<" Enter n= ";

cin>>n;

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) {

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 cout<<i<<" ";

p=p*i; }

cout<<"\n Factorial= "<<p<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch (); }

18: To calculate Kinetic Energy for different values of m & v

taking from user
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

floatm,v,KE;

cout<<"\n m\tv\tKE ";

for(int i=1; i<=3; i++) {

cout<<"\n Enter m,v ";

cin>>m>>v;

KE=(m*v*v)/2;

cout<<m<<"\t"<<v<<"\t"<<KE<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch (); }

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 19: To calculate area for different values of r taking from
user
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

floatr,A;

float pi=3.14;

cout<<" r\tA "<<endl;

for(int i=1; i<=3; i++) {

cout<<"\n Enter r= "; cin>>r;

A=pi*r*r;

cout<<r<<"\t"<<A<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

20: To calculate area & circumference for different values of

r (if not taking from user)
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

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 floatr,A,C;

float pi=3.14;

cout<<" r\tA\tC "<<endl;

for(int i=1; i<=6; i++) {

r=i;

A=pi*r*r;

C=2*pi*r;

cout<<r<<"\t"<<A<<"\t"<<C<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

21: To calculate current for different values of V & R

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float V,R,I;

cout<<" V\tR\tI "<<endl;

for(int i=1; i<=4; i++) {

cout<<"\n Enter V= ";

cin>>V;

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 cout<<"\n Enter R= ";

cin>>R;

I=V/R;

cout<<V<<"\t"<<R<<"\t"<<I<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch();}

Q:Difference between int,float and char?

[Link]:-

An int variable is used to store an integer, as name suggested. It is a number

without decimal point.

[Link]:-

It is used to store decimal numbers (numbers with floating point

value) with single precision. It is a number that has decimal place.

[Link]:-

The most basic data type in computer programing. It stores a single character &
requires a single byte of memory in almost all compilers.

❖ Selection:
Selection is to select(skip) due to condition.

There are three types of selection:

i). If selection ii). If-else selection iii). If-else-If selection

“IF-Selection”

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 22: To compare two numbers
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int x,y;

cout<<" Enter x= "; cin>>x;

cout<<" Enter y= "; cin>>y;

if(x>y)

cout<<" x is greater than y ";

if(y>x)

cout<<" y is greater than x ";

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch();}

23: To compare two numbers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int x,y;

cout<<" Enter x= "; cin>>x;

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 cout<<" Enter y= "; cin>>y;

cout<<" x= "<<x<<" y= "<<y<<endl;

if(x>y)

cout<<" x is greater than y "<<endl;

if(x<y)

cout<<" y is greater than x "<<endl;

if(x==y)

cout<<" x is equal to y "<<endl;

if(x!=y)

cout<<" x is not equal to y "<<endl;

if(x<=y)

cout<<" x is less than or equal to y "<<endl;

if(x>=y)

cout<<" x is equal to or greater than y "<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch();}

24: To find out maximum out of n numbers (taking input

from user)
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

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 void main() {

int n;

int k;

cout<<" Enter n "; cin>>n;

int max=-1;

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) {

cout<<" Enter k= "; cin>>k;

if(k>max)

max=k;

cout<<k<<endl; }

cout<<" max= "<<max<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch();}

25: To find out minimum out of n numbers (taking input

from user)

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

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 int n;

int k;

cout<<" Enter n "; cin>>n;

int min=100;

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) {

cout<<" Enter k= "; cin>>k;

if(k<min)

min=k;

cout<<k<<endl; }

cout<<" minimum= "<<min<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch();}

26: To find out maximum as well as minimum out of n

numbers (taking input from user)
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int n;

int k;

cout<<" Enter n "; cin>>n;

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 int min=100;

int max=-1;

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) {

cout<<" Enter k "; cin>>k;

if(k>max)

max=k;

if(k<min)

min=k;

cout<<k<<endl; }

cout<<" maximum= "<<max<<endl;

cout<<" minimum= "<<min<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch();}

27: To find out maximum out of three numbers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

int a,b,c,max;

cout<<" enter a= "; cin>>a;

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 cout<<" enter b= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" enter c= "; cin>>c;

max=-1;

if(a>max)

max=a;

if(b>max)

max=b;

if(c>max)

max=c;

cout<<" Maximum number= "<<max<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

28: To find out minimum out of three numbers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

int a,b,c,min;

cout<<" enter a= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" enter b= "; cin>>b;

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 cout<<" enter c= "; cin>>c;

min=100;

if(a<min)

min=a;

if(b<min)

min=b;

if(c<min)

min=c;

cout<<" Minimum number= "<<min<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

29: To find out minimum out of 4 numbers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

int a,b,c,d,min;

cout<<" enter a= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" enter b= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" enter c= "; cin>>c;

cout<<" enter d= "; cin>>d;

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 min=100;

if(a<min)

min=a;

if(b<min)

min=b;

if(c<min)

min=c;

if(d<min)

min=d;

cout<<" Minimum number= "<<min<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

30: To find out maximum out of 4 numbers

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

int a,b,c,d,max;

cout<<" enter a= "; cin>>a;

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 cout<<" enter b= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" enter c= "; cin>>c;

cout<<" enter d= "; cin>>d;

max=-1;

if(a>max)

max=a;

if(b>max)

max=b;

if(c>max)

max=c;

if(d>max)

max=d;

cout<<" Maximum number= "<<max<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

31: write a progarm for "D=b square-4ac" for D>0,D<0 & D=0
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

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 float a,b,c,D;

cout<<" enter a= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" enter b= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" enter c= "; cin>>c;

D=b*b-4*a*c;

if(D>0)

cout<<" Roots are real "<<endl;

else if(D<0)

cout<<" Roots are imaginary "<<endl;

else

cout<<" Roots are equal "<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

32. To calculate k=5λ2

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

float k,lambda;

cout<<" enter lambda= ";

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 cin>>lambda;

k=5*lambda*lambda;

cout<<k<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

33: To calculate “ z=x2+y2/x+y “ x=rcosϴ & y=rsinϴ

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

float x,y,z,r,theta;

cout<<" enter r= ";

cin>>r;

cout<<" enter theta= ";

cin>>theta;

x=r*cos(theta);

y=r*sin(theta);

z=(x*x+y*y)/x+y;

cout<<" z= "<<z<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

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 getch(); }

34: To print out number divisible by 3.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float n;

cout<<" Enter n= ";

cin>>n;

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)

if(i%3==0)

cout<<" i= "<<i<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch() ; }

35: To print out number divisible by 9.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

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 float n;

cout<<" Enter n= ";

cin>>n;

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)

if(i%9==0)

cout<<" i= "<<i<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch() ; }

36: To print out number divisible by 3 as well as 7.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float n;

cout<<" Enter n= ";

cin>>n;

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)

if(i%3==0 && i%7==0)

cout<<" i= "<<i<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

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 getch() ; }

37: To calculate and print x against f(x) valuse

such that
f(x)=x3+2x2-4x-25 ; 1≤x≤5
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

int x,y;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {

x=i;

y=pow(x,3)*2*x*x-4*x-25;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

38. To calculate and print x against f(x) valuse taking input

from user
such that

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 f(x)=x3+2x2-4x-25 ; 1≤x≤5
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

int x,y;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {

cout<<" enter x= "; cin>>x;

y=pow(x,3)*2*x*x-4*x-25;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

39: To calculate and print x against f(x) valuse

such that
f(x)=x3+2x2-4x-25 ; For even values of x from 1
through 10
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

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 void main (){

int x,y;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=2; i<=10; i=i+2) {

x=i;

y=pow(x,3)*2*x*x-4*x-25;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

40: To calculate and print x against f(x) valuse

such that
f(x)=x3+2x2-25 ; For odd values of x from 1 through 15
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

int x,y;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=1; i<=15; i=i+2) {

x=i;

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 y=pow(x,3)*2*x*x-25;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

41: To calculate and print x against f(x) valuse

such that
f(x)=x3+2x2-4x-25 ; -5≤x≤5
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main (){

int x,y;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=-5; i<=5; i++) {

x=i;

y=pow(x,3)*2*x*x-4*x-25;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

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 42: To calculate and print x against f(x) valuse taking input
from user
such that
f(x)=x3+2x2-4x-25 ; 1≤x≤5
& also find out maximum of f(x).
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int x,y,max;

max=-100;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {

cout<<" enter x= "; cin>>x;

y=pow(x,3)*2*x*x-4*x-25;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl;

if(y>max)

max=y; }

cout<<" Maximum of f(x)= "<<max<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch() ; }

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 43: To calculate and print x against f(x) valuse taking input
from user
such that
f(x)=x3+2x2-4x-25 ;
& also find out minimum of f(x).
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int x,y,min;

min=1000000;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {

cout<<" enter x= "; cin>>x;

y=pow(x,3)*2*x*x-4*x-25;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl;

if(y<min)

min=y; }

cout<<" Minimum of f(x)= "<<min<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

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 getch() ; }

44: Step function

𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝟓 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 0
Such that -15≤x≤15
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int x,y;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=1; i<=15; i++) {

x=i;

if(x>0)

y=pow(x,3)+pow(x,2)-4*x-25;

else

y=x*x-1;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 36

 45: To calculate and print factorial of 1st 10 numbers
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int p=1;

cout<<" Number\tFactorial\n ";

for(int i=1; i<=10; i++) {

p=p*i;

cout<<i<<"\t"<<p<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

❖ Array:-
Collection of same consecutive memory location form an array.

➢ The advantages of Array:-

1) Arrays can store a large number of values with a single name.

2) The values stored in the array can be sorted easily.

3) A search process can be easily applied over the arrays.

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 37

 The syntax of declaring an array is as follow:
Data Type Array Name[Length]

✓ Data Type: indicate the data type such as int,float & char.
✓ Array Name: indicates the name of the array.
✓ Length: indicates the size of array which must be constant.

For Example:

Int a[5] OR int a[5]={2,5,9,1,7}

2 5 9 1 7
a[0] a[1] a[2] a[3] a[4]

46: To calculate b=2a by using array of size 5

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int a[5],b[5];

cout<<" Enter a= ";

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

cin>>a[i];

b[i]=2*a[i]; }

cout<<" a\tb\n ";

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

cout<<a[i]<<"\t"<<b[i]<<endl;

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 cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

47: To calculate c=a+b by using array of size 7

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int a[7],b[7],c[7];

cout<<" Enter a= ";

for(int i=0; i<7; i++)

cin>>a[i];

cout<<" Enter b= ";

for(int i=0; i<7; i++){

cin>>b[i];

c[i]=a[i]+b[i]; }

cout<<" a\tb\tc\n ";

for(int i=0; i<7; i++)

cout<<a[i]<<"\t"<<b[i]<<"\t"<<c[i]<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

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 48: To calculate “A=πr2 & C=2πr” by using array of size 4
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float r[4],A[4],C[4];

cout<<" Enter r= ";

for(int i=0; i<4; i++){

cin>>r[i];

A[i]=3.14*r[i]*r[i];

C[i]=2*3.14*r[i]; }

cout<<" r\tA\tC\n ";

for(int i=0; i<4; i++)

cout<<r[i]<<"\t"<<A[i]<<"\t"<<C[i]<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

49: To calculate the dot product of two vectors. i.e.

𝑺 = ∑𝟑𝒊=𝟏 𝒂ibi
#include<iostream.h>

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 #include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float a[3],b[3],s[3];

float sum=0;

cout<<" Enter components of A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

cin>>a[i];

cout<<" Enter components of B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

cin>>b[i];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

s[i]=a[i]*b[i];

sum=sum+s[i]; }

cout<<" The dot product= "<<sum<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

50: To calculate the dot product of two vectors. i.e.

𝑺 = ∑𝟑𝒊=𝟏 𝒂ibi
and also calculate average.

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 #include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float a[3],b[3],s[3];

float sum=0,avg;

cout<<" Enter components of A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

cin>>a[i];

cout<<" Enter components of B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

cin>>b[i];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

s[i]=a[i]*b[i];

sum=sum+s[i]; }

avg=sum/3;

cout<<" The dot product= "<<sum<<endl;

cout<<" Average= "<<avg<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

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 51: To calculate the dot product of two vectors. i.e.
𝑺 = ∑𝟑𝒊=𝟏 𝒂ibi
and also find average,maximum number in array and its
position by using array of size 3.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float a[3],b[3],s[3];

float sum=0,avg,max,i;

cout<<" Enter components of A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

cin>>a[i];

cout<<" Enter components of B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

cin>>b[i];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

s[i]=a[i]*b[i];

sum=sum+s[i]; }

avg=sum/3;

max=s[0];

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 for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

if(s[i]>max)

max=s[i];

cout<<" The dot product= "<<sum<<endl;

cout<<" Average= "<<avg<<endl;

cout<<" The max position= "<<(i+1)<<endl;

cout<<" Maximum S= "<<max<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

52: To find out maximum voltage and minimum voltage for

5 [Link] find avg voltage by using array
Note: V=IR

V[i]=I[i]*R[i]

For a series network, I is same through each [Link]

V[i]=I*R[i]

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float V[5],R[5],I;

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 float sum=0,avg,max;

cout<<" Enter I= ";

cin>>I;

cout<<" Enter R= ";

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

cin>>R[i];

V[i]=I*R[i]; }

cout<<" I \tR \t V \n "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

cout<<I<<" \t "<<R[i]<<" \t "<<V[i]<<endl;

max=V[0];

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

if(V[i]>max)

max=V[i];

float min=V[0];

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

if(V[i]<min)

min=V[i];

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

sum=sum+V[i];

avg=sum/5;

cout<<" Maximum voltage= "<<max<<endl;

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 cout<<" Minimum voltage= "<<min<<endl;

cout<<" Average voltage= "<<avg<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

53: Analyzing Temprature

Temprature out side the room:

A 65 62 65 54 60
Tempertaure inside the room:

B 60 53 65 62 63
1: Average temperature per day C=(A+B)/2

2: Average temperature for week

3: Average temp. inside room / week

4: Average temp. outside room / week

5: Location of day when A>B

6: Find out [Link] days and corresponding day when A>B

7: Find out when A=B

8: Find out day when A>60

9: Find out maximum of A

10: Find out minimum of A

#include<iostream.h>

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 #include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float C[5]; int i=5,cn=0;

float A[5]={65,62,65,54,60};

float B[5]={60,53,65,62,63};

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {

C[i]=(A[i]+B[i])/2;

cout<<" A= "<<A[i]<<"\t"<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

cout<<" B= "<<B[i]<<"\t"<<endl;

cout<<" C= "<<C[i]<<"\t"<<endl;

float sc=0;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

sc=sc+C[i];

cout<<" Average temp. per week= "<<(sc/5)<<endl;

float sA=0;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

sA=sA+A[i];

cout<<" Average temp. inside room per week= "<<(sA/5)<<endl;

float sB=0;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

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 sB=sB+B[i];

cout<<" Average temp. outside room per week= "<<(sB/5)<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

if(A[i]>B[i])

cout<<" Location of day when A>B= "<<(i+1)<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

if(A[i]>B[i])

cn=cn+1;

cout<<" [Link] days when A>B= "<<cn<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

if(A[i]==B[i])

cout<<" [Link] days when A=B = "<<(i+1)<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

if(A[i]>60)

cout<<" [Link] days when A>60 = "<<(i+1)<<endl;

float maxA=A[i];

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

if(A[i]>maxA)

maxA=A[i];

cout<<" Maximum of A = "<<maxA<<endl;

float minA=A[i];

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

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 if(A[i]<minA)

minA=A[i];

cout<<" Minimum of A = "<<minA<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

54: Find out minimum in the array and its location

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float a[5];

cout<<" Enter a= ";

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

cin>>a[i];

float max=a[0]; float j=0;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)

if(a[i]>max) {

max=a[i];

j=i; }

cout<<" Maximum of array = "<<max<<endl;

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 cout<<" Location of max = "<<(j+1)<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

❖ Multidimensional Array:-
Consecutive memory location having m rows
and n coloumns.

Multidimensional array is declare as:

a[ ][ ]
Array name Rows Coloumns

To input an array use two for loops as:

for(int m=0; m<5; m++)

for(int n=0; n<5; n++)

55: To input & print values in multidimensional array.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float a[3][3];

cout<<" Enter matrix entries row wise= ";

for(int m=0; m<3; m++)

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 for(int n=0; n<3; n++)

cin>>a[m][n];

cout<<" The input matrix is as= "<<endl;

for(int m=0; m<3; m++){

for(int n=0; n<3; n++)

cout<<a[m][n]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch() ; }

❖ Random Numbers:-
A number without any order and sequence.

e.g.: 37,27,30,12,54,9,15

➢ Command for random number:

#include<stdlib.h>
stdlib Standard library
➢ Function:
rand( )
➢ Formula to generate random numbers:
n = a + rand( ) % b;
Where; a scaling factor
b shifting factor
✓ The random seed is initialized to a value representing the
current

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 time(calling time) to generate a different value every time the program
is run.

For this we use “ #include<time.h> “ as a command and function is

“ srand(time(0)) “.

56: To generate 20 random numbers in the range of 1 to 10.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<time.h>

void main (){

int n;

srand(time(0));

for(int i=1; i<=20;i++){

n=1+rand()%10;

cout<<n<<" "; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

57. To simulate dice for 100 roles.

#include<iostream.h>

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 #include<conio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<time.h>

void main (){

int n;

srand(time(0));

for(int i=1; i<=100;i++){

n=1+rand()%6;

cout<<n<<" "; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

58: To simulate dice for 20 roles & calculate sum.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<time.h>

void main (){

int n;

int s=0;

srand(time(0));

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 for(int i=1; i<=20;i++){

n=1+rand()%6;

cout<<n<<" ";

s=s+n; }

cout<<"\n Sum= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

59: To simulate dice for 20 roles & calculate frequency of

each face & caculate total score.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<time.h>

void main (){

int n,score;

int f1=0,f2=0,f3=0,f4=0,f5=0,f6=0;

srand(time(0));

for(int i=1; i<=20;i++){

n=1+rand()%6;

cout<<n<<" ";

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 if(n==1) f1=f1+1;

if(n==2) f2=f2+1;

if(n==3) f3=f3+1;

if(n==4) f4=f4+1;

if(n==5) f5=f5+1;

if(n==6) f6=f6+1; }

cout<<"\n Face 1= "<<f1<<endl;

cout<<" Face 2= "<<f2<<endl;

cout<<" Face 3= "<<f3<<endl;

cout<<" Face 4= "<<f4<<endl;

cout<<" Face 5= "<<f5<<endl;

cout<<" Face 6= "<<f6<<endl;

score=1*f1+2*f2+3*f3+4*f4+5*f5+6*f6;

cout<<"\n Total score= "<<score<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

60:
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

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 #include<stdlib.h>

#include<time.h>

void main (){

float x1,y1,x2,y2,x,y,d,s=0;

float xa[1000],ya[1000];

int ind=0;

srand(time(0));

cout<<"\n (x , y) \n";

for(int i=0; i<20; i++) {

x=1+rand()%10;

y=1+rand()%10;

xa[i]=x;

ya[i]=y;

cout<<" ( "<<x<<" , "<<y<<" ) "<<endl;

ind=ind+1; }

x1=xa[0];

y1=ya[0];

for(int i=1; i<ind; i++) {

x2=xa[i];

y2=ya[i];

d = sqrt( (x2-x1)*(x2-x1) + (y2-y1)*(y2-y1) );

cout<<"\n d= "<<d<<endl;

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 x1=x2;

y1=y2;

s=s+d; }

cout<<" Total distance= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

❖ Some other programs of Multidimensional Array:

61: To find out B=2*A

➢ In Multidimensional array: “ B[i][j]=2*A[i][j] “
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3],B[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

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 for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

B[i][j]=2*A[i][j];

cout<<"\n B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

getch(); }

62: Print out 4x4 matrix of A.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[4][4];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<4; i++)

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 for(int j=0; j<4; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<4; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<4; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

63: Print out matrix of A & find B= transpose of A.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3],B[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

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 for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

B[i][j]=A[j][i];

cout<<"\n B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

64: Find out C=A+B

➢ In Multidimensional array: “ C[i][j]=A[i][j]+B[i][j] “
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

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 int A[3][3],B[3][3],C[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Enter B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>B[i][j];

cout<<"\n B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

C[i][j]=A[i][j]+B[i][j];

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 cout<<"\n C= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<C[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

65: Find out C=A+Transpose of B.

➢ In Multidimensional array: “ C[i][j]=A[i][j]+B[j][i] “
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3],B[3][3],C[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

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 for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Enter B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>B[i][j];

cout<<"\n B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Transpose of B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<B[j][i]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

C[i][j]=A[i][j]+B[j][i];

cout<<"\n C= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

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 for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<C[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

66: Find out C=4A+7B

➢ In Multidimensional array: “ C[i][j]=4*A[i][j]+7*B[i][j] “
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3],B[3][3],C[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

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 cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Enter B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>B[i][j];

cout<<"\n B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

C[i][j]=4*A[i][j]+7*B[i][j];

cout<<"\n C= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<C[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

67: Find out C=(4A+7B)/7.

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 65

 ➢ In Multidimensional array: “ C[i][j]=(4*A[i][j]+7*B[i][j])/7 “
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3],B[3][3],C[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Enter B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>B[i][j];

cout<<"\n B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 66

 cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

C[i][j]=(4*A[i][j]+7*B[i][j])/7;

cout<<"\n C= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<C[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

68: Find out C=A+3* transpose of B+7.

➢ In Multidimensional array: “ C[i][j]=A[i][j]+3*B[j][i]+7 “
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3],B[3][3],C[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 67

 for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Enter B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>B[i][j];

cout<<"\n B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

C[i][j]=A[i][j]+3*B[j][i]+7;

cout<<"\n C= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 68

 for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<C[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

69: Find out max element of matrix A.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 69

 int max=A[0][0];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

if(A[i][j]>max)

max=A[i][j];

cout<<" Maximum element of matrix A= "<<max<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

70: Find out minimum element of matrix A.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 70

 for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

int min=A[0][0];

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

if(A[i][j]<min)

min=A[i][j];

cout<<" Minimum element of matrix A= "<<min<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

71: Find out sum of all elements of matrix A & also find its
average.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 71

 cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

float sum=0,avg;

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

sum=sum+A[i][j];

avg=sum/9;

cout<<" sum of all element of matrix A= "<<sum<<endl;

cout<<" Average of all element of matrix A= "<<avg<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

72: Find out C=A*B.

➢ In Multidimensional array: “ C[i][j]=A[i][j]*B[i][j] “
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 72

 void main() {

int A[3][3],B[3][3],C[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<" Enter B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>B[i][j];

cout<<"\n B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++) {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 73

 C[i][j]=0;

for(int k=0; k<3; k++)

C[i][j]=C[i][j]+A[i][k]*B[k][j]; }

cout<<"\n C= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<C[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

73: Find out C=2A*4B

➢ In Multidimensional array: “ C[i][j]=2*A[i][j]*4*B[i][j] “
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int A[3][3],B[3][3],C[3][3],D[3][3];

cout<<" Enter A= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 74

 cin>>A[i][j];

cout<<"\n A= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<" Enter B= ";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cin>>B[i][j];

cout<<"\n B= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++) {

C[i][j]=0;

for(int k=0; k<3; k++)

C[i][j]=C[i][j]+A[i][k]*B[k][j]; }

cout<<"\n C= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++) {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 75

 for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<C[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

D[i][j]=8*C[i][j];

cout<<"\n D= \n";

for(int i=0; i<3; i++){

for(int j=0; j<3; j++)

cout<<D[i][j]<<" ";

cout<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

➢ User Define Function:

A function which is defined by user.

74: To print numbers from 1 through 5 & also find out their
square by using “user define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 76

 #include<math.h>

int sq(int);

void main (){

int a,b;

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {

a=i;

b=sq(a);

cout<<"number="<<a<<"\t sq="<<b<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int sq(int k) {

return (k*k); }

75: To print numbers from 1 through 5 & also find out their
cube by using “user define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int cube(int);

void main (){

int a,b;

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++){

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 77

 a=i;

b=cube(a);

cout<<"number="<<a<<"\t cube="<<b<<endl;}

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch();}

int cube(int k){

return (k*k*k); }

76: To print out numbers from 1 through 5 and also

calculate Area & Circumference by using “user define
function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

float area(float);

float cir(float);

void main (){

float r,A,C;

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++){

r=i;

A=area(r);

C=cir(r);

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 78

 cout<<"r="<<r<<"\t area="<<A<<"\t cir="<<C<<endl;}

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch();}

float area(float k){

return (3.14*k*k); }

float cir(float j){

return (2*3.14*j); }

77: To find out current by different values of R & V by using

“user define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

float current(float,float);

void main (){

float I,V,R;

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++){

cout<<" Enter V= "; cin>>V;

cout<<" Enter R= "; cin>>R;

I=current(V,R);

cout<<"V="<<V<<"\t R="<<R<<"\t I="<<I<<endl;

cout<<"-----------------------------"<<endl; }

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 79

 cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch();}

float current(float k,float j){

return (k/j); }

78: To calculate kinetic energy for different values of m & v

by using “user define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

float Kinet(float,float);

void main() {

float m,v,KE;

for(int i=1; i<=4; i++) {

cout<<" Enter m= "; cin>>m;

cout<<" Enter v= "; cin>>v;

KE=Kinet(m,v);

cout<<"m="<<m<<"\tv="<<v<<"\t Kinetic Energy= "<<KE<<endl;

cout<<"------------------------------"<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

float Kinet(float k,float j) {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 80

 return (k*j*j/2); }

79: To print numbers from 1 through 5 & calculate their sum

by using “user define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int sum(int);

void main (){

int a,b;

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {

a=i;

b=sum(a);

cout<<"number="<<a<<"\t sum="<<b<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int sum(int k) {

return (k+k); }

80: To print numbers from 1 through 5 & also find out their
factorial by using “user define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 81

 #include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int factorial(int);

void main() {

int a,b;

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {

a=i;

b=factorial(a);

cout<<"n="<<a<<"\tfactorial="<<b<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int factorial(int k) {

int fact=1;

for(int i=1; i<=k; i++)

fact=fact*i;

return fact; }

81: To print numbers & also find out their factorial taking
input from user by using “user define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 82

 int factorial(int);

void main() {

int a,b;

for(int i=1; i<=4; i++) {

cout<<"Enter a="; cin>>a;

b=factorial(a);

cout<<"n="<<a<<"\tfactorial="<<b<<endl;

cout<<"---------------"<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int factorial(int k) {

int fact=1;

for(int i=1; i<=k; i++)

fact=fact*i;

return fact; }

82: To print numbers from 1 through 5 & also find out their
factorial by using “user define function” & als0 find

𝒔 = ∑𝟓𝒊=𝟏 𝒊!
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 83

 #include<math.h>

int factorial(int);

void main() {

int a,b,c,s=0;

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {

a=i;

b=factorial(a);

s=s+b;

cout<<"n="<<a<<"\tfactorial="<<b<<endl;}

cout<<" sum of factorial= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int factorial(int k) {

int fact=1;

for(int i=1; i<=k; i++)

fact=fact*i;

return fact; }

83: To print numbers & also find out their factorial taking
input from user by using “user define function” and also find

𝒔 = ∑𝟓𝒊=𝟏 𝒊!

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 84

 #include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int factorial(int);

void main() {

int a,b,s=0;

for(int i=1; i<=4; i++) {

cout<<"Enter a="; cin>>a;

b=factorial(a);

s=s+b;

cout<<"n="<<a<<"\tfactorial="<<b<<endl;

cout<<"---------------"<<endl; }

cout<<" Sum of factorial= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int factorial(int k) {

int fact=1;

for(int i=1; i<=k; i++)

fact=fact*i;

return fact; }

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 85

 84: To print numbers from 1 through 5 & also find out their
factorial by using “user define function” & als0 find

𝒔 = ∑𝟓𝒊=𝟏 𝟏/𝒊!
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int factorial(int);

void main() {

float a,b,s=0;

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++) {

a=i;

b=factorial(a);

cout<<"n="<<a<<"\tfactorial="<<b<<endl;

s=s+(1/b); }

cout<<" sum of factorial= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int factorial(int k) {

int fact=1;

for(int i=1; i<=k; i++)

fact=fact*i;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 86

 return fact; }

85: To print numbers from 1 through 10 & also find out

their factorial by using “user define function” & als0 find
𝟏
𝒔 = ∑𝟏𝟎 𝒊
𝒊=𝟏(−𝟏) (𝒊!)

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int factorial(int);

void main() {

float a,b,s=0;

for(int i=1; i<=10; i++) {

a=i;

b=factorial(a);

cout<<"n="<<a<<"\tfactorial="<<b<<endl;

s=s+pow(-1,i)*(1/b); }

cout<<" sum of factorial= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int factorial(int k) {

int fact=1;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 87

 for(int i=1; i<=k; i++)

fact=fact*i;

return fact; }

86: To print even numbers from 1 through 10 & also find

out their factorial by using “user define function” & als0 find

𝒔 = ∑𝟏𝟎
𝒊=𝟐 𝒊!

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int factorial(int);

void main() {

int a,b,s=0;

for(int i=2; i<=10; i=i+2) {

a=i;

b=factorial(a);

s=s+b;

cout<<"n="<<a<<"\tfactorial="<<b<<endl;}

cout<<"\n sum of factorial= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 88

 int factorial(int k) {

int fact=1;

for(int i=1; i<=k; i++)

fact=fact*i;

return fact; }

87: To print numbers from 1 through 5 & also find out their
factorial by using “user define function” & als0 find
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟗
𝒔 = ∑𝟏𝟎
𝒊=𝟐(𝟐! + 𝟒! + 𝟔! + 𝟖! + 𝟏𝟎!)

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

float factorial(float);

void main() {

float s=0,p;

for(int i=1; i<=10; i++)

s=s+((2*i-1)/factorial(p));

cout<<" S= "<<s<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

float factorial(float k1) {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 89

 int p=1;

for(int i=2; i<=10; i=i+2) {

p=p*i; }

return p; }

88: To calculate Area & Circumference for different values

of r by using “user define function”.
When no input & no output
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void area(void);

void cir(void);

void main (){

for(int i=1; i<=5; i++){

area();

cir();

cout<<"-------------------------------"<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

void area(void) {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 90

 float r,A;

cout<<" r= "; cin>>r;

A=3.14*r*r;

cout<<"r="<<r<<"\t area="<<A<<endl; }

void cir(void) {

float r,C;

cout<<" r= "; cin>>r;

C=2*3.14*r;

cout<<"r="<<r<<"\t Cir="<<C<<endl; }

89: To find out maximum of three numbers by using “user

define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int max3(int,int,int);

void main (){

int a,b,c,max;

for(int i=1; i<=3; i++) {

cout<<" Enter a= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter b= "; cin>>b;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 91

 cout<<" Enter c= "; cin>>c;

max=max3(a,b,c);

cout<<" a= "<<a<<"\t b= "<<b<<"\t c= "<<c<<endl;

cout<<" Maximum of 3 numbers= "<<max<<endl;

cout<<"------------------------------------"<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int max3(int c,int d,int e) {

int max=c;

if(c>d && c>e)

max=c;

if(d>c && d>e)

max=d;

if(e>d && e>c)

max=e;

return max; }

90: To find out minimum of three numbers by using “user

define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 92

 int min3(int,int,int);

void main (){

int a,b,c,min;

for(int i=1; i<=3; i++) {

cout<<" Enter a= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter b= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter c= "; cin>>c;

min=min3(a,b,c);

cout<<" a= "<<a<<"\t b= "<<b<<"\t c= "<<c<<endl;

cout<<" Minimum of 3 numbers= "<<min<<endl;

cout<<"------------------------------------"<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int min3(int c,int d,int e) {

int min=c;

if(c<d && c<e)

min=c;

if(d<c && d<e)

min=d;

if(e<d && e<c)

min=e;

return min; }

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 93

 91: To find out maximum of four numbers by using “user
define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int max4(int,int,int,int);

void main (){

int a,b,c,d,max;

for(int i=1; i<=3; i++) {

cout<<" Enter a= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter b= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter c= "; cin>>c;

cout<<" Enter d= "; cin>>d;

max=max4(a,b,c,d);

cout<<" a= "<<a<<"\t b= "<<b<<"\t c= "<<c<<" d= "<<d<<endl;

cout<<" Maximum of 4 numbers= "<<max<<endl;

cout<<"------------------------------------"<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int max4(int c,int d,int e,int f) {

int max=c;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 94

 if(c>d && c>e && c>f)

max=c;

if(d>c && d>e && d>f)

max=d;

if(e>d && e>c && e>f)

max=e;

if(f>d && f>c && f>e)

max=f;

return max; }

92: To find out minimum of four numbers by using “user

define function”.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

int min4(int,int,int,int);

void main (){

int a,b,c,d,min;

for(int i=1; i<=3; i++) {

cout<<" Enter a= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter b= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter c= "; cin>>c;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 95

 cout<<" Enter d= "; cin>>d;

min=min4(a,b,c,d);

cout<<" a= "<<a<<"\t b= "<<b<<"\t c= "<<c<<" d= "<<d<<endl;

cout<<" Minimum of 4 numbers= "<<min<<endl;

cout<<"------------------------------------"<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

int min4(int c,int d,int e,int f) {

int min=c;

if(c<d && c<e && c<f)

min=c;

if(d<c && d<e && d<f)

min=d;

if(e<d && e<c && e<f)

min=e;

if(f<d && f<c && f<e)

min=f;

return min; }

93:
Evaluate the Integral:

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 96

 𝟔
𝒇(𝒙) = ∫𝟏 𝒆√𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒃−𝒂 𝟓
For n=6 and h= 𝒏
= 𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟑

i) Trapizoidal rule:
𝒉
I= 𝟐 [(f0+f6)+2(f1+f2+f3+f4+f5)]
𝟏
ii) Simpson’s (𝟑) rule:
𝒉
I= 𝟑 [(f0+f6)+2(f2+f4)+4(f1+f3+ f5)]
𝟑
iii) Simpson’s (𝟖) rule:
𝟑𝒉
I= [(f0+f6)+3(f1+f2+f4+f5)+2f3]
𝟖
iv) Boole’s rule:
𝟐𝒉
I= 𝟒𝟓 [7(f0+f6)+32(f1+f3+f5)+12(f2+f4)]
v) Weddle’s rule:
𝟑𝒉
I= [(f0+f6)+(f2+f4)+5(f1+f5)+6f3]
𝟖

X f(x)
1 2.718 f0
1.833 3.872 f1
2.666 5.118 f2
3.499 6.492 f3
4.332 8.015 f4
5.165 9.705 f5

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 97

 5.998≈6 11.578 f6

Now, by putting above values;we have

i) I=33.612
ii) I=33.553
iii) I=33.552
iv) I=33.295
v) I=33.552
Now, programming of these five rules in C++;

i) Trapizoidal rule:
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

float f(float x) {

return (exp(sqrt(x))); }

void main() {

float a,b,n,sum,h,I;

cout<<" Enter upper limit= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter lower limit= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter n= "; cin>>n;

h=(b-a)/n;

sum=f(a)+f(b);

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 98

 for(int i=1; i<n; i++)

sum=sum+2*f(a+i*h);

I=(sum*h)/2;

cout<<" I by Trapizoidal rule= "<<I<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

𝟏
ii) Simpson’s (𝟑) rule:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

float f(float x) {

return (exp(sqrt(x))); }

void main() {

float a,b,n,sum,h,I;

cout<<" Enter upper limit= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter lower limit= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter n= "; cin>>n;

h=(b-a)/n;

sum=f(a)+f(b);

for(int i=1; i<n; i++)

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 99

 if(i%2==0)

sum=sum+2*f(a+i*h);

else

sum=sum+4*f(a+i*h);

I=(sum*h)/3;

cout<<" I by simpson's (1/3) rule= "<<I<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

𝟑
iii) Simpson’s (𝟖) rule:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

float f(float x) {

return (exp(sqrt(x))); }

void main() {

float a,b,n,sum,h,I;

cout<<" Enter upper limit= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter lower limit= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter n= "; cin>>n;

h=(b-a)/n;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 100

 sum=(f(a)+f(b));

for(int i=1; i<n; i++)

if(i==3)

sum=sum+2*f(a+i*h);

else

sum=sum+3*f(a+i*h);

I=(3*sum*h)/8;

cout<<" I by Simpson's (3/8) rule= "<<I<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

iv) Boole’s rule:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

float f(float x) {

return (exp(sqrt(x))); }

void main() {

float a,b,n,sum,h,I;

cout<<" Enter upper limit= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter lower limit= "; cin>>a;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 101

 cout<<" Enter n= "; cin>>n;

h=(b-a)/n;

sum=7*(f(a)+f(b));

for(int i=1; i<n; i++)

if(i%2==0)

sum=sum+12*f(a+i*h);

else

sum=sum+32*f(a+i*h);

I=(2*sum*h)/45;

cout<<" I by Boole's rule= "<<I<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

v) Weddle’s rule:
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

float f(float x) {

return (exp(sqrt(x))); }

void main() {

float a,b,n,sum,h,I;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 102

 cout<<" Enter upper limit= "; cin>>b;

cout<<" Enter lower limit= "; cin>>a;

cout<<" Enter n= "; cin>>n;

h=(b-a)/n;

sum=f(a)+f(b);

for(int i=1; i<n; i++)

if(i%2==0)

sum=sum+f(a+i*h);

else if(i==3)

sum=sum+6*f(a+i*h);

else

sum=sum+5*f(a+i*h);

I=(3*sum*h)/10;

cout<<" I by Weddle's rule= "<<I<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

▪ Some other programs of Step Functions:

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 7 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 5
94: 𝐹(𝑥) = {
𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 5
and 𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟓 by array method.
#include<iostream.h>

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 103

 #include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int x[15],y[15]; int ind=0;

int i=1;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

while( i<=15) {

x[ind]=i;

if(x[ind]>5)

y[ind]=x[ind]*x[ind]+2*x[ind]+7;

else

y[ind]=x[ind]+1;

ind=ind+1;

i=i+1; }

for( int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<x[i]<<"\t"<<y[i]<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 104

 𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 > 0
95: 𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟎
−𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 0
Such that −𝟏𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int x,y;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=-15; i<=15; i++) {

x=i;

if(x>0)

y=1;

else if (x==0)

y=0;

else

y=-1;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 105

 𝒙 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
96: 𝒇(𝒙) = {
−𝒙 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 0
Such that −𝟏𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int x,y;

cout<<" x\tf(x)\n ";

for(int i=-15; i<=15; i++) {

x=i;

if(x>=0)

y=x;

else

y=(-1)*x;

cout<<x<<"\t"<<y<<endl; }

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

97: Half-Wave Rectifier:

𝑽𝒔 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝅𝒕) for 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟏𝟎, 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 106

 𝑽 𝒊𝒇 𝑽𝒔 > 0
𝑽𝑳 = { 𝑳
𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝑽𝒔 ≤ 𝟎
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float vL[1000],vS[1000],t=-5,pi=3.14; int ind=0;

cout<<" vS\tvL "<<endl;

while (t<=5) {

vS[ind]=sin(pi*t);

if(vS[ind]>0)

vL[ind]=vS[ind];

else

vL[ind]=0;

ind=ind+1;

t=t+.5; }

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<vS[i]<<"\t"<<vL[i]<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch (); }

98: Full-Wave Rectifier:

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 107

 𝑽𝒔 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝅𝒕) for 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟏𝟎, 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝑽𝒔 𝒊𝒇 𝑽𝒔 > 0
𝑽𝑳 = {
−𝑽𝒔 𝒊𝒇 𝑽𝒔 ≤ 𝟎
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

// Full wave rectifier

void main() {

float vL[1000],vS[1000],t=-5,pi=3.14; int ind=0;

cout<<" vS\tvL "<<endl;

while (t<=5) {

vS[ind]=sin(pi*t);

if(vS[ind]>0)

vL[ind]=vS[ind];

else

vL[ind]=(-1)*vS[ind];

ind=ind+1;

t=t+.5; }

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<vS[i]<<"\t"<<vL[i]<<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 108

 getch (); }

99: Clipper Circuit:

i) Positive clipper:

𝑽𝒔 = 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝅𝒕) for 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟓, 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float vL[1000], vS[1000],n;

cout<<" clipping limit= "; cin>>n;

int ind=0;

float t=0,pi=3.14;

cout<<" vS\tvL\n ";

while(t<=5) {

vS[ind]=4*sin(pi*t);

if(vS[ind]<n)

vL[ind]=vS[ind];

else

vL[ind]=n;

ind=ind+1;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 109

 t=t+0.5; }

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<vS[i]<<"\t"<<vL[i]<<endl;

cout<<" \nThanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

ii) Negative clipper:

𝑽𝒔 = 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝅𝒕) for 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟓, 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float vL[1000], vS[1000],n;

cout<<" clipping limit= "; cin>>n;

int ind=0;

float t=0,pi=3.14;

cout<<" vS\tvL\n ";

while(t<=5) {

vS[ind]=4*sin(pi*t);

if(vS[ind]>n)

vL[ind]=vS[ind];

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 110

 else

vL[ind]=n;

ind=ind+1;

t=t+0.5; }

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<vS[i]<<"\t"<<vL[i]<<endl;

cout<<" \nThanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

100: Clamper Circuit:

i) Positive clamper:

𝑽𝒔 = 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝅𝒕) for 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟓, 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float vL[1000], vS[1000];

int ind=0;

float t=0,pi=3.14;

cout<<" vS\tvL\n ";

while(t<=5) {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 111

 vS[ind]=4*sin(pi*t);

vL[ind]=vS[ind]+3;

ind=ind+1;

t=t+0.5; }

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<vS[i]<<"\t"<<vL[i]<<endl;

cout<<" \nThanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

ii) Negative clamper:

𝑽𝒔 = 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝅𝒕) for 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟓, 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float vL[1000], vS[1000];

int ind=0;

float t=0,pi=3.14;

cout<<" vS\tvL\n ";

while(t<=5) {

vS[ind]=4*sin(pi*t);

vL[ind]=-vS[ind]-3;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 112

 ind=ind+1;

t=t+0.5; }

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<vS[i]<<"\t"<<vL[i]<<endl;

cout<<" \nThanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

101: Double Clipper Circuit:

𝑽𝒔 = 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝅𝒕) for 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 ≤ 𝟓, 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<time.h>

void main() {

float vL[1000], vS[1000],n1,n2;

int ind=0;

float t=0;

cout<<" upper clipping= "; cin>>n1;

cout<<" lower clipping= "; cin>>n2;

cout<<" vS\tvL\n ";

while(t<=5) {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 113

 vS[ind]=4*sin(3.14*t);

if(vS[ind]<n1 && vS[ind]>0)

vL[ind]=vS[ind];

else

vL[ind]=n1;

if(vS[ind]<0 && vS[ind]>n2)

vL[ind]=vS[ind];

else

vL[ind]=n2;

ind=ind+1;

t=t+0.5; }

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<vS[i]<<"\t"<<vL[i]<<endl;

cout<<" \nThanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

102: To check location/ to find an element in matrix or in

vector.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 114

 float M[3][3],k;

cout<<" Enter Matrix Entries: ";

for(int m=0; m<3; m++)

for(int n=0; n<3; n++)

cin>>M[m][n];

cout<<" Mattrix:\n";

for(int m=0; m<3; m++){

for(int n=0; n<3; n++)

cout<<M[m][n]<<" ";

cout<<"\n"; }

cout<<"\n Enter Number: ";

cin>>k;

for(int m=0; m<3; m++)

for(int n=0; n<3; n++)

if(k==M[m][n])

cout<<"\n No. in present at location= "<<(m+1)<<","<<(n+1);

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

Binary Numbers:

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 115

 103: To convert decimal number to binary number for
base 2.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int r,n;

int ar[100];

int ind=0;

int k;

cout<<" Enter n= "; cin>>n;

k=n;

while (n>=1) {

r =n%2;

n=n/2;

cout<<r<<" ";

ar[ind]=r;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<endl;

cout<<"\n Number= "<<k<<endl;

for(int i=ind-1; i>=0; i--)

cout<<ar[i]<<" ";

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 116

 cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch (); }

104: To convert decimal number to binary number for base

5.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int r,n;

int ar[100];

int ind=0;

int k;

cout<<" Enter n= "; cin>>n;

k=n;

while (n>=1) {

r =n%5;

n=n/5;

cout<<r<<" ";

ar[ind]=r;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<endl;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 117

 cout<<"\n Number= "<<k<<endl;

cout<<"Binary Numbers= ";

for(int i=ind-1; i>=0; i--)

cout<<ar[i]<<" ";

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch (); }

105: To convert decimal number to binary number for

base 8.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int r,n;

int ar[100];

int ind=0;

int k;

cout<<" Enter n= "; cin>>n;

k=n;

while (n>=1) {

r =n%8;

n=n/8;

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 cout<<r<<" ";

ar[ind]=r;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<endl;

cout<<"\n Number= "<<k<<endl;

for(int i=ind-1; i>=0; i--)

cout<<ar[i]<<" ";

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch (); }

106: To convert decimal number to binary number for

base 16.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int r,n;

int ar[100];

int ind=0;

int k;

cout<<" Enter n= "; cin>>n;

k=n;

University Of The Punjab z a i n a l i b h a h @ g m a i l . c o m / Page 119

 while (n>=1) {

r =n%16;

n=n/16;

cout<<r<<" ";

ar[ind]=r;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<endl;

cout<<"\n decimal Number= "<<k<<endl;

cout<<"\n binary numbers= ";

for(int i=ind-1; i>=0; i--)

if(ar[i]<=9)

cout<<ar[i]<<" ";

else if(ar[i]==10)

cout<<"A";

else if(ar[i]==11)

cout<<"B";

else if(ar[i]==12)

cout<<"C";

else if(ar[i]==13)

cout<<"D";

else if(ar[i]==14)

cout<<"E";

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 else if(ar[i]==15)

cout<<"F";

else

cout<<" invalid option ";

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch (); }

107: To convert binary numbers to decimal number.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

int r,n; int number=0;

int ar[100];

int ind=0;

int k;

cout<<" Binary Numbers= "; cin>>n;

k=n;

while (n>=1) {

r =n%10;

n=n/10;

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 cout<<r<<" ";

ar[ind]=r;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<endl;

cout<<"\n Number= "<<k<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

number=number+ar[i]*pow(2,i);

cout<<" Decimal number="<<number<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch (); }

➢ Applications of Euler’s Method:

108: Q: Write C++ program to calculate and print time
against position values for SHO(a mass attached to spring)
using Euler’s Method.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],xa[1000];

floatt,h,tmax,x,v,a,k,m;

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 x=0; v=15; t=0; h=0.3; tmax=5.5;

k=1; m=1;

intind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

a=(-k*x)/m;

ta[ind]=t;

xa[ind]=x;

x=x+v*h;

v=v+a*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\tx "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<xa[i]<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

109: Write C++ program to calculate and print time against

position,acceleration and velocity values for SHO(a mass
attached to spring) using Euler’s Method.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

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 #include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],xa[1000],aa[1000],va[1000];

floatt,h,tmax,x,v,a,k,m;

x=0; v=15; t=0; h=0.3; tmax=5.5;

k=1; m=1;

intind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

a=(-k*x)/m;

ta[ind]=t;

xa[ind]=x;

va[ind]=v;

aa[ind]=a;

x=x+v*h;

v=v+a*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\tx\tv\ta "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<xa[i]<<"\t"<<va[i]<<"\t"<<aa[i]<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

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 110: Write C++ program to calculate and print time against
position,acceleration and velocity values for DHO using Euler’s
Method.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],xa[1000],aa[1000],va[1000];

float t,h,tmax,x,v,a,k,m,b;

x=0; v=15; t=0; h=0.3; tmax=5.5;

k=1; m=1;

int ind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

a=(((-k)*x)-(b*v))/m;

ta[ind]=t;

xa[ind]=x;

va[ind]=v;

aa[ind]=a;

x=x+v*h;

v=v+a*h;

t=t+h;

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 ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\tx\tv\ta "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<xa[i]<<"\t"<<va[i]<<"\t"<<aa[i]<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

111: Write C++ program to calculate and print time against

position values for DHO using Euler’s Method.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],xa[1000];

float t,h,tmax,x,v,a,k,m,b;

x=0; v=15; t=0; h=0.3; tmax=5.5;

k=1; m=1;

int ind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

a=(((-k)*x)-(b*v))/m;

ta[ind]=t;

xa[ind]=x;

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 x=x+v*h;

v=v+a*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\tx "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<xa[i]<endl;

cout<<" Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

112: Write C++ program to calculate and print time against

position values for FHO using Euler’s Method.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],xa[1000];

float t,h,tmax,x,v,a,k,m,b,fo,w;

x=0; v=15; t=0; h=0.3; tmax=5.5; fo=1; w=1;

k=1; m=1;

int ind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

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 a=((-k*x)-(b*v)+(fo*cos(w*t)))/m;

ta[ind]=t;

xa[ind]=x;

x=x+v*h;

v=v+a*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\tx "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<xa[i]<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

113: Write C++ program to calculate and print time against

position,acceleration and velocity values for FHO using Euler’s
Method.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],xa[1000],aa[1000],va[1000];

float t,h,tmax,x,v,a,k,m,b,fo,w;

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 x=0; v=15; t=0; h=0.3; tmax=5.5; b=1; fo=1; w=1;

k=1; m=1;

int ind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

a=((-k*x)-(b*v)+(fo*cos(w*t)))/m;

ta[ind]=t;

xa[ind]=x;

va[ind]=v;

aa[ind]=a;

x=x+v*h;

v=v+a*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\tx\tv\ta "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<xa[i]<<"\t"<<va[i]<<"\t"<<aa[i]<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

➢ RC-Series Circuit:

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 114: write C++ program to calculate and print time against
charge values(growth of charge) using Euler’s Method for RC-
series circuit.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],qa[1000];

floatt,h,tmax,q,v,c,r,i;

q=0; v=3; t=0; h=0.1; tmax=2.5;

c=0.5; r=5;

intind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

i=(v-(q/c))/r;

ta[ind]=t;

qa[ind]=q;

q=q+i*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\tq "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<qa[i]<<endl;

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 cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

115: write C++ program to calculate and print time against

charge values(decay of charge) using Euler’s Method for RC-
series circuit.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],qa[1000];

float t,h,tmax,q,v,c,r,i;

q=2; v=0; t=0; h=0.1; tmax=2.5;

c=0.5; r=5;

int ind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

i=(v-(q/c))/r;

ta[ind]=t;

qa[ind]=q;

q=q+i*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

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 cout<<" t\tq "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<qa[i]<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

116: write C++ program to calculate and print time against

charge values(growth of charge) using Euler’s Method & also
find maximum charge for RC-series circuit.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],qa[1000];

float t,h,tmax,q,v,c,r,i,qo;

q=0; v=3; t=0; h=0.1; tmax=2.5;

c=0.5; r=5;

int ind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

i=(v-(q/c))/r;

ta[ind]=t;

qa[ind]=q;

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 q=q+i*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\tq "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<qa[i]<<endl;

float qmax=qa[0];

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

if(qa[i]>qmax)

qmax=qa[i];

cout<<" Maximum charge "<<qmax<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

➢ RL-Series Circuit:
117: write C++ program to calculate and print time against
current values(growth of current) using Euler’s Method for RL-
series circuit.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

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 void main() {

float ta[1000],ia[1000];

float t,h,tmax,l,v,r,k,i;

i=0; l=10; v=10; t=0; h=0.2; tmax=2.5; r=10;

int ind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

k=(v-i*r)/l;
ta[ind]=t;

ia[ind]=i;
i=i+k*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\ti "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<ia[i]<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

118: write C++ program to calculate and print time against

current values(decay of current) using Euler’s Method for RL-
series circuit.
#include<iostream.h>

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 #include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main() {

float ta[1000],ia[1000];

float t,h,tmax,l,v,r,k,i;

l=10; i=3; v=0; t=0; h=0.2; tmax=2.5; r=10;

int ind=0;

while(t<=tmax) {

k=(v-i*r)/l;

ta[ind]=t;

ia[ind]=i;

i=i+k*h;

t=t+h;

ind=ind+1; }

cout<<" t\ti "<<endl;

for(int i=0; i<ind; i++)

cout<<"\n"<<ta[i]<<"\t"<<ia[i]<<endl;

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

➢ Ascending & Descending order:

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 119: To print random numbers in the range 1 through 10 &
data is sorted in descending order.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<time.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

void main() {

float f[10],c;

srand(time(0));

cout<<" Random Numbers= ";

for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {

f[i]=1+rand()%6;

cout<<f[i]<<" "; }

for(int p=0; p<9; p++)

for(int i=0; i<9; i++)

if(f[i+1]>f[i]) {

c=f[i];

f[i]=f[i+1];

f[i+1]=c; }

cout<<"\n Descending order= ";

for(int i=0; i<10; i++)

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 cout<<f[i]<<" ";

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

120: To print random numbers in the range 1 through 10 &

sorted data in ascending order.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<time.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

void main() {

float f[10],c;

srand(time(0));

cout<<" Random Numbers= ";

for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {

f[i]=1+rand()%6;

cout<<f[i]<<" "; }

for(int p=0; p<9; p++)

for(int i=0; i<9; i++)

if(f[i+1]<f[i]) {

c=f[i];

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 f[i]=f[i+1];

f[i+1]=c; }

cout<<"\n Ascending order= ";

for(int i=0; i<10; i++)

cout<<f[i]<<" ";

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

121: To print random numbers in the range 1 through 10 &

sorted data in ascending order as well as in descending order
by using array reversal.
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<time.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

void main() {

float f[10],c;

srand(time(0));

cout<<" Random Numbers= ";

for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {

f[i]=1+rand()%6;

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 cout<<f[i]<<" "; }

for(int p=0; p<9; p++)

for(int i=0; i<9; i++)

if(f[i+1]>f[i]) {

c=f[i];

f[i]=f[i+1];

f[i+1]=c; }

cout<<"\n Descending order= ";

for(int i=0; i<10; i++)

cout<<f[i]<<" ";

cout<<"\n Ascending order= ";

for(int i=9; i>=0; i--)

cout<<f[i]<<" ";

cout<<"\n Thanks "<<endl;

getch(); }

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