Geography EOY 2024 – Answer Key
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Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (10 Marks)
1. What is the characteristic feature of cottage industry in Pakistan?
Answer: Small scale production in small workshops
2. Which transport system requires a low initial investment?
Answer: Roads
3. Which statement proves developed countries are better than developing
ones?
Answer: Developed countries have advanced healthcare and education
systems.
4. How does a trade deficit affect a country's economy?
Answer: It may result in the depreciation of the country’s currency.
5. Human Development Index was developed to:
Answer: Assess the overall well-being of the people.
6. Significance of tourism in the modern world:
Answer: Tourism is one of the most important and valuable economic
activities in the world.
7. Exchange of information over long distances is called:
Answer: Telecommunication
8. World's highest paved road:
Answer: Karakoram Highway
9. Waterway that connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans:
Answer: Panama Canal
10. Definition of 'Tariff':
Answer: Tax paid on imports and exports
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Section B: Case Study & Reasoning (20 Marks)
GreenTech Industries Case Study
1. What prompted GreenTech Industries to transition to sustainable
practices?
Answer: The company's heavy reliance on fossil fuels led to high pollution
and greenhouse gas emissions, pushing them to adopt greener
technologies.
2. How else might they reduce reliance on solar energy?
Answer: They can explore wind energy, hydroelectricity, and bioenergy,
diversifying their renewable portfolio and ensuring energy stability.
3. Was GreenTech successful in minimizing its impact?
Answer: Yes, by shifting to solar power, recycling water, and using electric
vehicles, they greatly reduced their carbon footprint.
4. Will these changes benefit economy or society?
Answer: Absolutely. Economically, they lower costs and attract investments.
Socially, they promote public health and create green employment.
5. What challenge may they face?
Answer: Sustaining eco-friendly practices can be costly, and technological
updates may require additional training and investment.
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Reasoning Questions
6. Gilgit vs. Lahore infrastructure impact:
Answer: Gilgit Baltistan’s dependence on limited roads reduces economic
activity, while Lahore’s comprehensive road and rail network boosts trade
and mobility.
7. Why is foreign dependency not advised?
Answer: It puts a nation at risk of economic shocks and limits its ability to
control essential resources and prices.
8. Challenge in Balochistan's agriculture:
Answer: Balochistan suffers from water scarcity, poor soil, and lack of
modern farming techniques, unlike Punjab's well-irrigated plains.
9. How industrialization drives urbanization:
Answer: Factories create jobs that attract rural populations to cities, leading
to housing development, infrastructure, and service growth.
10. Life expectancy gap (Europe vs. Africa):
Answer: Europe’s better healthcare systems, education, and standard of
living lead to longer life expectancy compared to many African countries.
11. Example of exports with transport mode:
Answer: Mangoes to Dubai (via air for freshness); textiles to UK (via sea
due to cost efficiency and large volume).
12. Technology behind map navigation:
Answer: Global Positioning System (GPS)
13. Fluctuations in textile exports:
Answer: Export performance varied due to political instability, inconsistent
energy supply, and global market demand.
14. Cause of fluctuation:
Answer: Energy crises, policy shifts, and weak infrastructure affected
productivity and competitiveness.
15. Lowest export year & reason:
Answer: Likely 2009 or 2015, possibly due to global financial crisis or
domestic power shortages.
16. Growth pattern inference:
Answer: The inconsistency indicates a need for stronger economic
planning and industrial support policies.
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Section C: Long Questions (20 Marks)
Q7. Suggest two new export commodities with reasons
Answer:
Pakistan can develop the following into strong export items:
1. Processed Food Products:
With abundant agriculture, Pakistan can export canned fruits, frozen meals,
and juices. This reduces food waste and adds value to raw produce.
2. IT and Software Services:
Pakistan's growing pool of tech-savvy youth can offer web development,
digital marketing, and software solutions to global clients.
Justifications:
These sectors are rapidly expanding worldwide.
They diversify the economy beyond traditional textiles and agriculture.
They promote innovation, job creation, and foreign exchange earnings.
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Q8. Two trade policies and their impacts
Answer:
1. Establish Regional Free Trade Zones:
By creating tariff-free areas and forming trade agreements with neighbors
(like China, Iran, and Afghanistan), Pakistan can increase the volume of
exports and imports efficiently.
Impact:
It will reduce export barriers, enhance competitiveness, and attract foreign
investments.
2. Modernize Border Infrastructure:
Improving customs, railways, and highways near borders will ensure
quicker and more reliable trade.
Impact:
Faster delivery times, reduced logistics costs, and better economic ties with
neighboring countries.
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Q9. Four stages of cotton production
Answer:
1. Cultivation: Cotton seeds are sown and grown in irrigated fields.
2. Harvesting: Cotton bolls are picked manually or with machines.
3. Ginning: Cotton fibers are separated from seeds.
4. Spinning & Weaving: Fibers are processed into yarn and cloth for textile
use.
These steps are essential for Pakistan's major export sector.
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Q10. CPEC impacts on Pakistan
Answer:
Short-Term Impacts:
Job Creation: Thousands of local jobs were created during the construction
phase.
Boost in Investment: Increased foreign direct investment helped improve
Pakistan’s economy.
Long-Term Impacts:
Infrastructure Development: Better roads, railways, and energy networks
reduce travel time and costs.
Industrial and Urban Growth: Special Economic Zones (SEZs) promote
industries and balanced regional development.
CPEC offers a long-lasting boost if managed sustainably.
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Q11. Human Development Indicators (HDI)
Answer:
1. Life Expectancy at Birth:
Reflects access to healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation.
Higher life expectancy indicates better public services and policies.
2. Literacy Rate:
Shows the quality of education and opportunities for youth.
Higher literacy leads to skilled labor and improved economic growth.
These indicators help assess the real progress of a nation beyond GDP.
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