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Unit 3.5 - Introduction To Research

The document outlines the importance of research in pharmacy and healthcare, emphasizing its role in advancing drug development, improving patient care, and solving specific challenges. It discusses the necessity of experimental design (DoE) for generating reliable results and optimizing procedures, detailing various techniques such as Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Design. Additionally, it addresses the issue of plagiarism in research, its consequences, and strategies to avoid it.

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mdanas0718
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23 views11 pages

Unit 3.5 - Introduction To Research

The document outlines the importance of research in pharmacy and healthcare, emphasizing its role in advancing drug development, improving patient care, and solving specific challenges. It discusses the necessity of experimental design (DoE) for generating reliable results and optimizing procedures, detailing various techniques such as Completely Randomized Design and Factorial Design. Additionally, it addresses the issue of plagiarism in research, its consequences, and strategies to avoid it.

Uploaded by

mdanas0718
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction to

Research
C. Jayakumar. MCA., [Link]., [Link]., PGDCA, FCED
Assistant Professor,
JSS College of Pharmacy,
Ooty
Need for Research
• Research is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting
information to increase our understanding of a phenomenon.
• In the context of pharmacy and healthcare, research is crucial because
it:
• Advances knowledge in drug development and treatment methods.
• Improves patient care by providing evidence-based practices.
• Solves specific problems like drug resistance or formulation
challenges.
• Supports decision-making in clinical and regulatory fields.
• Promotes innovation in dosage forms, drug delivery systems,
etc.
Need for Design of Experiments (DoE)
• Experimental design is essential for:
• Generating reliable and valid results through structured investigation.

• Identifying cause-effect relationships between variables..


• Minimizing errors and bias during experiments.
• Reducing resource use (time, money, materials) by optimizing
procedures.
• Enhancing reproducibility and credibility of results.
• In pharmaceutical research, DoE helps in optimizing formulations,
studying drug interactions, and validating analytical methods..
Experimental Design techniques
• Several techniques are used depending on the research
objectives:
• Completely Randomized Design ( CRD).

• Each subject receives a treatment randomly


• Simple and easy to implement
Experimental Design techniques
• Randomized block design( RBD).

• Subjects are divided into blocks based on characteristics,


and treatments are randomly assigned within each block

• Controls variability
Experimental Design techniques
• Factorial design

• Studies the effect of two or more factors


simultaneously

• Useful in formulation optimization


Experimental Design techniques
• Crossover Design

• Each subject receives multiple treatments in different


periods

• Reduces variability as the subject serves as their own


control
Experimental Design techniques
• Latin Square Design

• Controls two blocking factors

• Each treatment appears only once in each row and


column
Plagiarism
• It is the unethical act of using someone else’s work or ideas
without proper acknowledgement. In research , it includes
• Copying text without citation.

• Paraphrasing without credit


• Using data/images without permission

• Self-plagiarism( reusing one’s previous without


disclosure
Consequences of Plagiarism

• Rejection of research papers


• Legal and academic penalties

• Damage to reputation

• Loss of research funding or degree


Avoiding Plagiarism

• Always cite resources properly


• Use quotation marks for direct quotes

• Use plagiarism detection tools before submission

• Keep proper research documentation

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