fill1~

J5

ffilT6UlD!Dl[i,~ G6UJlJ.-llD ffi61D6Uwl6U

dlOJ lf>~ fffil 61Tr&a ® ffil ffi m.

ID~LILfffi

6TuGurT@~tb ~6lJ6!J~~6i) ~@uu~rrffi.!t ffirrL t9ffi

Ga:,1T6iT6TT1T$°1Tffi6iT. (g[>IJ~~EiiiJ w~w ILffil&m w~tb L~ffi@JJ&@">ai

ffiL(BWfTl96U611)6U 6160ll.J6G>sf>(8w ILl!il&6TT .!)161J61JlD ffilTLIQ.ffi GffilT(B~

6lil(B ffil !D ~. 6160 6UIT tb {a)O)J ~ wl 60 IL ffil & 6'ri1 L lb 6lJ (!!)tb 6161H u~

ILl!!lffi@JJffi@~ Gsf:,rfllJ..ltb 616111filltb 61UGurr@«>Jtb GurrIDIQS>LDWmi

@®W6G>sf>U 18urr6Ufilltb (8sf>rrdJwwmlLJ..1~&6il. s= rflwrr 6111 ffi6!RR ~~ E>m~ ci

ffi~ffi@lD ~uuio16lJrr61161111T& lDIT Wl~ffi6TT. &IT 6\)~d,1611 (Eull&$) 6!»60

c.y,a-,/J lb«>! a-,~ (B ul IQ. LJ..lffi! ffi6TT . ~lb sf>LJ (8urui, ~ffi6li L ~ ffi&D6l

,91~ffilTIJ ~li)lffi@~ li)llTa:,ffi)~ G6 6D§))lD. &IT 6UlD ffi60fl LU~ bi:> &D6'

616DJ!I)IToO, ul6ii 6lJITffilffiffi ffi[Dll}lffi G&IT6ll@J,~&6'iT; &6lillJ..llb QUIT@~

@frffi&WIT ffi~ ~IT ffi@ffilffi6TT.

I
 11,111,1,11, 1111/Jlr l(bl :,,11,11,,111 J/1~11. II 1_1,1n4,,/; 4, ~19'1L

ful1t111!11"'1,IJ,111111,11 11,'ilJI~, ta9/tJJ:,JJII, ·'"-'1'11',1, JfllJ., ·'AIJMYifll ~,;-or;)¥.L'~

1,1111 ft 111 ~ll)'lllll 'h ·•fl!t,,,,,,,,rJ 11,; ,,;Jd,? 'l,Vf,S,h <;,it, iJ JJljl/flL -~.u~
lf,ll•Mli, ff,1M1 a), foi11A,fl'1II !J,ff,lll;1lfU ,;11,;TtfT:JY,1> 11.m 'Jyli'a 'fjj'J~U,

1 llJ 111~/hlJ {21,1111,~1!1.)11 ,..:. I l!IJ'j,1/,.:1)~. IJA ~/411,i;,i 'il, ~lJI 'ill~~

illbl llft\J61JTT~fijlMTIIIJf, ~fiOGl/'f, '"IJ ~~U, &fl',\)U,_ (i~6iD611U

<olf JIIIIJlfiDHWp fial fillVbtllllfilllil{B, GI.I.M'iOXULJII& ~ 6l,\lAtf>l-~

~1,l16llil (B1J,. 1 t•ud,!b1,;arrr j:,Lii Gurt !lllill)tMi161it liifllLU i16111l iJlL ~~6ii

~11Ulf,!J',1,l601'ialli, lf,I. I IIIULJI.J@~ lOO!iJnj6111l6tl ~6TIITll>'36lJ U&\)

, I ,(I ,j, /f, bl) lh 60l 6ft II I[') 61.1 fl th ~ f>lf Ac!, 6TI . S llJ $61 w\ 60 IL ffil II> 6TI

lbll60~1 !6)1' 1 UIJ19,; /;il116li!d)(!!,!f>~lli\l 6lila>!J6llllll> 'i6Ulf>a!J61>611

I
.!WiO)I (i,d)11JJ/j-,IM,"\)lllj,_ UAl!iJ!D)llJ i'bJT6\)U(jill..J19 S6Udxi,l(il)(iil

.•)16011 l.ll ..)I (61 ii, IM 6\)U) 1Jl19 li,@) UJ . .916M" IJ LI u(B u6llir 11>"1 .4160

ll!,b1Jr..a..nl1iu .,,.,61(8& lllxiJ9ioou Ga6il!J)til)LWQJfflD. 46111T&U Ldw

,~6,~•-fl a, (.ff)6Wl~UJ.

'1a,,..._,oi,lb61>4lfti, ~,,. , ~ ~11>6it

.-116\)
~lffil&6'flllll>~

ll!b'Jl61Mri161(1 ~·~ <'.bl16Ua>i;l&U ilt,IQIU) Q.!JWtUJi;J~&lJ

L(!!)6ll1Ja;a';Ja,

ll>llw ~~
Qa;rrfil■L

d@li>. I
., 1~'6f1 1fJtJx/lM ~ !bL-illQ~& ~ - l i l f ~ -
I
 (86)J!ii'll)I (BG, ()tilf(&(D Gl06\)6\) {I>L 6lll-9 $6ll)<'l, 6l(B!!H<'I,6TI. rt>ffll<'f,6'fl &!i}u61,>tiat

GiJLLJllllllb 41't,1UJ 6)JfTUJU4<'1,6iJ>61T lr,[16\)U) !I>ffi®ID Gl.Jrr(!N>I ~136ll

ILl!ll<'l,®ffi@ ~!tll~UJIT<'I,~ lb@ID.

<:91~ <'f,fTIJ 6U16ll)6Tl UJITL IQ 6ll)611f (8~tb dl!l)UUIT <'I, 6lil 6iOOTWIT L
rf>!!H<'1>6TI ff,fl 6Usi>6lll/b {36lJ6lliif(BQID6lil(8!1) GW«,16llll lr, {bffiIT ~ (SQ,Qlli(Bl.b .

.911't,lffifllJ si>1bl6ffl .916ri}l't,16lJl11] ~~6l1>6111' .!)16lllW$<'1> ~6111ff(B<'I,6TT U6U

iJ11-9 [email protected]. .!)16Y\}1bl6llfllJ ~6lll/b IL(Il~WITffi@ffll&6'fl. ~ 6lllTIJlDIHf,d,

Gllf>ITLffll~ <916llllJ@6lll!IJWfl"' 6U1L..(B 6U1ur ~ <'I,6Tl.

<!>L. LITUJU u(Bt, /bl.lUL L 4'>fl6UID:

~~ ~ @ll)IW U@6)J <!>IT6UI.D. !f>I.D 6l~rfl<'I,6TI)6lil M6UU6il>6ilf fi

<"I,6U)y;>[email protected] ~l.4\i)IDIT<!> ~lf,6lll6lll !f>ITI.D UUJ6llU{Bsi,lf,6001.D. ~6lll'fll

61 ~ rf1 <!> 6ll) 6T1 ~6ll u 1J uu (B st, lb6':lll tb : <'I, rr st, ~ @& <'I, If Q"' wUJ 601T Lb ;
.916)Jfr <"I,61i)6lil (86)J<'f>u(8urr ~6Bl611B"> 6lll<!>6U1Ls GlstiJw6001.b; &1T6Ul.b

u!i)fDl <916llir&m Gla;JT6111it1Q®[email protected] 46U6lil ~6»16lll611si, ~rfllM>60JTl.b.

61d>)rflwl61i1 <'f>IT6Usi,6llltf)& <'I,ml\i)si,lb

G18'UJ6UUL6001.D. Llfil4'>@)&@ ~a;a-, 4>IT6'>1.D <"tlil>L.~I.D. ~

Li!l)~ ~<'I,6ll rtillblT611lOOM
I
,, 6U1611>6TIUJITLIQ6i) U1Td,)61>UJ !S1&1a;6Tl Gl6li6it!l)/f)I &[email protected]. ILffi!«>oh

61~rfl&6ll dl!i,d,la.a; ~~iWJU)6\) Q r f ~ . ~<Mtl ~

QqliJ6llrrir<Mtl. .916}1tr&~ 6a c'f,fl6\)c'I,Qa;(B6lifi11>611 ~m (y>l9Qt

:1.,i
I
Gs=w11ffaic'f>m.
@l9~~Lb 41rrrulb :

~ d,)LL$sfj6lJ>611f (Y>l9&@tb ffifl6')1..0 6lJ[b~ 6'lllL.LIT6U, '36ll~&qb

6ill6lJ>s:L4L®ttb @l9si>~ 61i'l(BrNa;m; ~wrfil&rrlfr&m. iit,~

6iJ6lJ>6TTUJITL..6lJ>L. ~6TI 1.8@~ cf,6IJ}6') !f>UJW-611 6116lJ>6TJlUTL6Ulrtb;

Qs: UJ 6')ULS: cf rfl W ll 6111 ffilT 6\) lD 6lJ (!!, lD 6lJ 6lJ>!J GUIT W,6lJ>lDW fT ~a;
c!f,fT UQ!>~l..b. ~6111IT6U 6TUUIQ. @l9L.lu«>J 6T611aJI G~w6li6'Ml>6U
61 lilir !1J rr 60 IL 1&1 ffi61l Gull W,6lJ>lD&@LI Gurr(!!)6lfl 6U 6lJ>6'). <f rfl wrr 61

ffiQllll~oU fi1JMl.86'06Urnoo) 6l,rfl6lJ>U..I ~&~Lb 6li(!!,uut,p_a

ILl!lllf,6TI Q.nJJ)161)lD ( i ~ ~ 6T6iJl;Pr6U ~ ~W6\X,J)Q).

~~ ~~lblffi61l; 61,rfl Gc!fW6\) fiWUJITfiil.

Uj[J!.S ~Ji) ~ltf}66J{l

f)-3 tFu:wt.iJ urrrr.l'a:,$f!f}@1 9;61Jfbn6JT ~rrfillrir@ 6IJ)a:,;tf/a:,@li;@

IJYJ4llll /E).iJ'iL 6:JJ$JI 6li)t!9/i5fb!T6JT. .!>/6116JI tJy6lit @f!fl6il){f6b)IJ.J Jfio;fi)/t.iJ

tJ,b#'f[,~To/k. ~6J)jn "90f}fb{P (i)a:,,r6,'»TL @@ 63Jllistf/, "tn61J{ljlltiif

~IR..'TW.' ~ 611<.0~fb{t,ld,~6if f[J!T6JT IL/!Jl{fj6T/ (t!j//;J61JJ!ftb({!JLJ UPJU~

eo,1)31/~ Gi.6rr@ti,flf~fl]6Y. ~fl>/D(!!)Li upjlfiVrtll, o7fi#U6({!J tLu.I!ir

f;:9;,r(E1jjfh6TT" oT6'TJ)I Cf61J6Jilrtp6JITT641. LlfJJ!.blbW ({Jjl!f't;JJ,7 fJL01it> <!r61Jrrtfl

G11TtiJJ.JLJ &Jrr~IJ}61J6JI 1L~/Jii1.>(Su.1 {l).'TiiX

fo11F.ils!>J '1tf;ff6J»TL 9;61Jfb'T6J1, &)lo1J6N

t)@t,1/~tii)f ololfldJ diJ/llril»oJI

tf,![,ti»l@fJtt,,'fi'ff'6JJQI t>J. lVJ/1..:t.

I
ftJ6"JilUTli> 6:1)9j4J /fJ6JT !f>troTLJdJJ Lb "~!lf/6»1f,!5iil! Lf]J-tl,fblJ{t,I o1"6:i/U(t,J

IL 6'1&!/)!,b GJp,rflu/LO. ~ULJ19-LiLJL: L 6/JJLl/b.ctf'liJ.:6!.E,ff!Jffi//j#Jlll>trtW

 &P-~$J_1T:il.. "liii1J}J a!E,L L 76i. ",!)/LJLJ!,pWol.".w)ol.'.. :,7WgJ
00

1."rNhY _'l/)~:,1" (J)~fi P-.fi»/6l>llJl.1i'fii., f!jT6JT 61f$,'biJJ5?"1.J5J>L.'li

---~,,.:r..~y-, h-~ !bTaftF, r117 UUL/.!lioiT G'!D7@Af»J, G'!D T6Rft§:,iTC1,;rrlN.

. -· ""-: -~1J5-:fi. fYvT~:1111,~£,<ffJ,,if fFt11V/t:,,11J1N ~:O!b(t,J tJu1a;..,1'rw.

.>;;r;r_ --1,;:-H, - ,l;T-iJI {i,JJ~t!E,61.>rrtiJ. .:Jf)oJT,JJ,7621fb18;!:h ~:z,"'5JJ]

. ~ •• !: =~· -~· .J, T5JT!E, 1/ilifi Tt!E,.i, - ~$66JJtf,~ ;f,IT6JT U,JJ.!E,!Dc'h trj}JPih

.:: = -_::::d<~ 1 ,!i... .!ljir.llfl. 61#.#IIJ./ tfT@~lLJ ..~ !lfl!frruL ~- ·.u

-~'".. 1~~4-tryli, ~e6V) 1979 616JISJIW l[Jl,Tol.Yfil.' (;l!T,7oVol.·uuLL
-·
iQ

I
i&-(!PW .5 T61J(Jl)I.O

~!...;f;ffi@ a ;I,'TW WL 1»6V,7W. EDff6l.1Ji,6J>fb WL 5,

,-t..4t..JT(!f-z,IW (Q~~UtrfVIIJ.Jlli 1769 - /821}

u~;iJ(t,J. .!}({P G'u1T!J]J6JJ1ou..1flt!E,6J/W. !F~fbWL 1Wf/3.'iu'

C",1JU16U6V QIL L t.i{Baf'',J]{P; o761Jt,1J!T111/jJJ,Jli,~ti fJl.£'111 ''7.I, .~ .LJl12}$,'.:1.'

u::ri4,J, ~ ~Iii!/) 62FTU!b¢ !htJJR:I»Tf.7ol1 o7olb1'7r;11,.i}t,J~/)/µ' u 'sf,.,J.iJ.$

b-:LTi1lil$ u:nd,tf!);o~. ..!)I~ {f,r6J!b6J>oTflb ll,oJ/1(i,'fo»/~)f,-"i.' . - ~

~ {j}?JLJLJ6)J7,t,(!Jjli;@#J ~rfli1.lillt)J. rJ,fbJl/l oll)i!f,ifi}U'. ..;· -,,_'T~JI

~ uJ~u ~ 11,1~ ,9t.1>-)b IS.u1.o_'h/Jfa1r._11_\t,J ,.,~~i

~mll/T{L lbffi,(t,Jfi, CM;rrmor, ~IU•IJllu,t. t,/t,Jl.;1/ :N- .i.J:,"'1~ o'ltt6J.I

~ L,;,m ~6'>ff Qpj,1';ii{p Qmn6i1r§!Jli.> <J,P.i/tiJ11t,t'. ,"b- •fil•,•:t

1/4 f!i!JJ@ rJuuilfD tT,,i/ !fjc'fj'blcUl7,T6iJ {t,mi>~ti. ,"J±. 1.»ljj L,{~'

fiJJ.1•'4.tlri,,@jll Lfl}/bl,,I 6Jf!@aJl!ll~.

~-" I l41
~tr•lll .- W6Jf/!27ira,m/6ir 6Jil6111D/fV/!j/1Dml6iJ @@ Qunr&@ <.!>f@)(,1;

~l~.$1£'6:i/,JJtf,I. .,!)l{fJI 6)/I)IW {;)uff&@ tffr,1/a;oh ~{b66f L4t,/ filo:6lKfT]IT61J

~/lfli/62fJLffi{f)lfE@/b tf,lfflhl£1# "'1f{jlj//Ill 6)f/(Bt£lfT]fbl. 6)f/t.:_(B6)f/L..Llf6V,

61J'f{i>c661Je;u U/1JliJJlw (!,P@6)1tpw @L 61JL1Jj61fl§)ll1b fDJI.UflmmliJJJlb

<'EL @6Jii@ aflL fi; e; f36116lliil@w. r61 961flwffli ~~ir. dl6V6Vlww

~Qp~fflit.lll.Uff, 1564 - 1616)

·•·

I
 6lfl~
36

~LLJ>llwlsi QQl(_Q_QI '16llwaU@r&W»6'h.

~6lDJ> ~60L..c4ll1Ju u(B~6llt3J, ~a;taa;a:
c4ltn!f>J> u~ 6lJITffiW>60.

~iT ~ua: d i ~ ~lt&lfluu~6if (Y)Q)l.b, ~

~@"> 6llrrW6}1l.b !f>LOU~6iit6lDUlll;ID ,9161fl&&1!lfrrffi6iT. 6ld,l,t) ~

~ffim .!Hd,lffia:. &6ll6url.b ~~$'i,d,l611rr6b. 86ll6lD6ur ~ ~Lb

6lJP"llrrffi ~6iit!lfrr&m; U6\) cf'WUJ~6b ~ dla,i ~6lD6lll

ir&lffi6'ff d>l@$'i,~ (!PUJ~l.O ~rr~. ~ (3~l.b IZlDIHflDrr~u U6\)IJ~

urrir6a>6l.lull6b u(B~!1}4)1- cfl6U cf'lDWr&1&61fl6U ![>L~ ![>La;a,(_(Bl.b

61611 6Dlt.'...(B€ffil(B~l36U 18M dllJJ!bN)I. ir&1&6il 6Jf>IT6llQ~6iitfill>llJ

61'.i{!!)lid, ~ Q..MJ) (Y)l9UJIT6l'.iL..Llf6\) ~ ~ -

~ ~ ~ 6l61J6ll6ll6lf ~ ~ ~~ffi(knrr.

~ !i, ~ c91611 6lf a', @"> (3 lD U lD IL Wrt If, ~ 6lJ rt ffi 611 If ffi [t lfil ffi ffl
~~jp~61T~&m.
 .•tt,~l,'}
1
I,,,,, •'lll'll lllili1,Mtl1t,, (tplJMIM I 1"991l611 6lSl6G}fflfil¥J,611)flTJ

6J'8{',0A)llh ~~(It, <oh IR(1')6Cll611 .!)flffll UJ ~161&6TI

I> lll>~llll~«t>w,lfnQ,1·

6lj 8f$& l00 a;

M6lllnlfl11~)~ ,l\l~lf ,llln ,If, 111~(11)1 hi 1ffilr.m{l1it lJ,(J,mrr ,fJl6)16ll611

[fin'11i'h11t1 ,•)t~1MlflGI M~UI' @tf.l11G1!l11fc'h6"ft; ,1)16)1611611~ .!'Jf$ffilDITlf> ~

I) NJ_~ ~, ,B ~ ~,(tp c,rjd .}~. a,e' (B(_ tJTl9 ~ ~ I L ~ U

u6U6"lf61IIO n a,~tJ ). s,,~,~UJ(1){D6ll9 rt B>61Jtb, urfl"1rTU&rJLDIT611f6ll1Jrt &61Jlb

(J, In 6Ud, (3~n (i)ll)ID61fld,tJ>~ Co18 Li.JdJfidt!))~.

iS,N&6il dl<!!,Lh4tb "-'r(!!,61n611 fml(@d> l'f;l<rr,tbul 6»l(BffiUr,6'iT;

IL!b !&m ~LD~U61J>LJU.!U), Gru llJIL l~tb &ITL(B~&6TI. (i~ 6i,

p;' f!il t!, 6TI lJJ If 61) 1J & @) af1 61) 6'lJ & l6161t !If It & (3 6ll IT .!)I 6ll It c'f, 6TI

Q6'll afl Q& If 61'1 6ll lJ ~ & 6TI . .!>I 6» It & 61'1 IL lfil & 61> 6ll ~L Qa-, If m611

Qi~ trcM it; IL~& a;iJ~ d~ tra ;m . ~a ;m

I 61UUIQ dl<rr,tbt..16lllrrpb. ~c!', 61)6 ll ~ lfjl61>6U@">61J>6\XlJ 61>6 'll~

6lllU TL6
6liL..aahi!',6'h; ~ 6 l l ~ 6ti, &61 fl~ 816lllrc!'>6ti d61>

Qa:wt,1 Qi(.1.ahM.

8f6lJ Wtbl LI 4 61fili LI~ .!>IIJ 6rfl a o,afl ILrfl 61>W. .!>!IJ 6fr

ud,16111J6lill,lftD orul1 ~ ~ ~M a>c!',W1r6llilLIJlr.

, _ , LliJla'>600f Qi<rr,U)l.JffdL.Ln"'· ~m 8lilllr(y>a 8"""'1NII

'-\f,IJL"4
I
b~ Q,:IJ.J6W(BM1r. --~ "@ Q 5 , J ~ '8l61LIQ

AnA\) U) 8l6l.lh J>lilit1)161>l-W Lll .lA '~~ $ ~

d\(B6ll~6a IY'yy

, ..u I d,/J 36
6Bl6ll$1>«>!8> GtM6Tl6llrTit. .916lJW~U4 616dr!IJ tfLt991>6lll ~ffilffi6Tl
6l~91>61TUJrr{B6lllf>6dr C!J)600) fLf!ilc'f,®ffi@> ~c'f,rr~tb tiJ61DLc'ttiJ!Dlt>I·

1J(Dir Ltf>6l~wl6U6001D6U ~r6111>m Gt1UJ6UUL (!Pt9llflD 616drp c'f,,11'6')

li}6BlLG6lu,n1lL®L61it ~lf,6Tl tlSl®tbuii> tlSl®WU c'f,,ll'L(B"16dr!lfrrlI>6'h.

@®6ll9S>fJ ~lllUJuu(B~oo 2-r61lf>6il .gi~c'f,,ll'~it,6D>~

ILUJiT ~Q.o6dr!IJIT6U, ~<?!> 61tf;liTw61Jl!l)U.Jrr6lll ~@">C!P61J>!D -
.91~rT6ll(f)l G»k.JrrllJIUl.jLO Ff@urr(Bl.b - uoo <'JWUJr61lf>61flOO 1Lr611I>611>61TU
U606l1611fULJ(Bi1>{filtb. ~ dlJ6UJ, u600T6llll.DIT611f 61tf;!rfla;@) ~f!iltI,6ff
18~wl6\)6\)ff~ &6ll6llll.b Q<'Jl}Ji1>{fil6lllf>6ll C!J)6'1)1.b, ~6tr lll!Dlw,

l...16U6l1611f l.DIT6lll6ll~IT lf>j, ~~rr6dreptiJ6dr!lfrr lf>6iT. .91lJU19UUL. L 61 tf;lrfl6l00.l

{GlbUf>6ff !b~ti.@)6ll~(?!> ~6UIRL lLIT6Ul.DIT6lllrT6\l, .gi6ll6al QuflUJ6ll6llllrtI,d,

l8s'f>IT6drQJc'i;J!IJrr6lif.

§tTlflliLtr61/l,I ~U~l,I

IL l!il If>@).it, @> 61 rfl if <'1 ~ rr L (Bu 6lJ 91> ~ p;'l!il II> 6tr Q 6l.l !iJ in) tI, ~ wrr if>

!f>8iti,tiJ6!'iu_rroo, ~ ~ ~ affilJw Q<'JliJif>rr~.

~ U6'>611.wwrr,H~ ~~uw 1LQ!>6llrrlb@>dJ61ir!)!ir<'L6'h.

!btDlll lf:>6llllJ<'f>61>61l<f ~rflQ.JwUJ ~@QwalJ) IDUJH

~ 6 1 ~ - 4fillrTOO !bfTW <"Jifl~tiw 5'.196llwrr1r, ~ p . b .

~d> ~6MQJlc!lr.61>6fl IJw~ll> Gwrra: wrr ..t.@)a'J 6li G!IJrr Li>. ~filllD 611>!1}&
~ W 6 0 ~ ~ Aro ~ ~ 6 \ ) ~611 ~ -

lla;a.6b {l~~ID~ 6161if~ .-a:c!L4tl,t,a;, .91<!!,6trUJ~a;c!f,ff~

I
"~ 36 I 24.5
 .916ll lD~ a;® lb ul Q" LI 6ll rr 11, !f>'-9ll Uli)I u 60 u lDWl!il11,6ril 60 (Jwli}lltb
6li(J6ll&lDIT 6111~. (i)!i>~ (JurriTd, lf>~O" d,611>1f,~ Quw6i>u{Bd;lf>U UfiU

6ll~II,6TI (i)<!!,<M',1sitro6IJI. @lf>6UIT6ll«,i - "!! !! (i)!i>N, d,l!JrrL61DUlfi6il

4ffila;®tb" 6lsifo:J .91illf® @611>!JJ. ~11,m 96i611>!J) 6»l@thll, ~

ffil61>Lffiif>rr «,I 616511)1 ILQllffiT![>lf>IT60 - ~&6ljlD ua;d,l 6lJITUJk, 9®

lf>tbd>l!Jtb - @lf>6i> (J!f>ITa;ffil(JfiU(Jw il!il&611 6TuGurr~tb ~60

~6lllD II,lrLL 6»16\)611)60 6T SIUlf>IT M Gc'JW6\)LJ{Bf!il&611.

{i)!J6lRitLrr6ll1f>rr11,, 1Lffil1I,611)61l 6l'i1Ld, lf>ITW~IT ILl!ilffi6lD61ld,

lf>IT~61J1rr6i>, .91d,lf)rrffi@>lf>6ll)60 iffil&611 ud,1611 <'JftL~ QuUJU.J6»1606iD60

6T65U61>1f>d', Glf,61fl6llrrM Bia(Dl wa;a;mlsit ~61f$~ d,l61DU

d,)(1!,U4ffilffi611. .9f(31f, '3t.Jrr6i>, ~ffil36TJ BiaL ~ Gl..J@,P½f>611~61i>611cf

~~6lilLLlr6 U, ~ ujJoj ,!Jl6\1.l9ffi Qffirr6ilm1TLD6') ~

~IJ ~ ®61>1.JJL4IIIIII,6TI.

I !f;}61i>611dl6U Q&rrm~1r11ffi61l : 6lrfllf6&U

Q i , , r ~ todJWltb ~ u d6ll6,ITIJ! fllffi~

~QDQI,

11&d,l
'11P

&nUJO>f>

.sl6llto$LJ4 "at0

I
6l,lrdlCi1>611cMiT - .916}1wd,JLJI..IW Q6»W,:.4li>.

~a ulilk qt, a>f>& @>6fflfr 5 '1 WITffi6lltb IJurr 6'51 $ f>61tlDl 6'>60rrtoi\llb

ufl10011J&ttd~ aa., tau '1!Dlf>N,ll~lb.

 ~oriJL.irL66f utfJ6iJ 61~61JffiT li16H[JJJ ~61Jif ffi6lllirUiTIE6'll 6Tffeiru1Tir,fi;(pl

6JtaTffe,1j6llfir. 61J!f6WfIJJ 67(!~1.0 ~tfltfiwir !i!!J}6'i&ir ~ ~ / j j

tI,f-9/[J~ '16,rrfilJYUTil. "ti16:if ~6/Kl./6TT6TT Q./61J61Jli;. fTjfffiil c§Jl61J(!¥f,@L.J

ul)6V61f1~ 6Jf'L~fiil. 61.fJIT 6JJ61JL.J f3urr6iJ 9itirwf/} LJ6lJJL.fbfb UJ6lJfl{bir

tDrrffilllflti; Q,1;rroir6TT 5)W61Jffffi uf![/61Jl1) - Qwmww" 676/K[JJI

'1tF6riJ1 ,;-,_ 6l)1 &.pJ/6'1lrrrt. "!lfl 61.f!L. IJJfiV. ur6J16lir l./85 ~- ·.u

~t!i,f3LITL 6riJ" ({f,l§!!l)ll.6@1E61fl6lir tfl,n.flw U(!RL.ll./ fpJfffilifil2@tf,{pl)

{3wjJ(JtE,ff6f,, blffitr({!,L.JUtrtfltfiwir: t£161fliJL 6:ir Ufftpl.Mlir, 1985

wf!flul./t.b ~611w,~ul./t.b

QJ@lftJfffiVfTtilll IMxI,6if)6TT {5/li/$6" ffiL~ 61fl~6iJ 5>@

tllftw ~6J/ bl6ulI)lllLi61J)611! 6TuQurr@fbfT6Jl{DI t.661JL.JU/!96iJ ff>U(3u

[@6V6i1)61). IL/li/$6"ll [5Lt.i61D6lJl f311JgJ}JI.D wt/)ti,a; c!Nffe IL/b6J/I.D. "#lfb/T6lir

5J6TIJ'9LOIT 615Jw6lir 6TV'9ux3ul' 676/Rf!J ~l.DIT6lll ~fbPjtr6l!iwu

UIJ)b)l.DITlfi 5)61JJ§j# Q17rr61Jllf/f!]{f,I - 5Jfh6li! bLJtr@6fr: c916JJW{/}lll.../#

W-ILl/b61J tfJl!9ilutr({!,t.b. ~6lllff61J ~61161JJf/ ffi/TI.D 1L6lllir&JJID..Li(J51Aw

Liic£J 1Ll1JiT6111TcE> tf)&JJ6lJf~61J. ~ fy([!J @JDIJJW t3urr6V, ~fb@)611T

'9161frflLlfi@!4Zjl W611W<'I,ln ~ ~ L1il651/I.D l.OIIJ/jwtfJ ff>/lc&'lial1JW

~UJ61) ~61)61). c!lJ6llffffil} t'FtfillJff(il//{fJ/. lij{i)f;.x6Nfl)IT6iJ. ( ~ li)filJf]/b6lD6lJI

6Jfli._ {jJ 61fJ@l!JIIEoff) f.icE>t./i$ c!)IJjJ)JpFU{b{fJJL 641 P,filir fbL /blE,Ul.J@6JJ@~

@@ ffi!TILI ar.Li.J b1.Jffl!N~li; ~olltiTTITq;il. (~/l)ir l&;ip.,,-u~.

I
1788 - 1860)
 l.Jl9WliJ: c'll6N61K{€!,cll[JJJ f]jffUtt.b. c91f!;I #1,.f!flwf!;J: ~6lllrr61) 6116'5ldi@tiJ.

6rrf!#~iJ)[email protected]. 6TfiV61Jff 61J6.1)85tJJrr61JT W@/~$6i/)6Tfll./l..O (Jurr@t/JpJirs;6ir;

(!1)61Jf]JuJl@tlJ6.'ipJ/rt66TTi '11FrrafltlJ/J}irs;6ir: .!HJ]f/[email protected] (Jurr4if (Jw(J6V

U/911./t.b Qurr@fi,tffl@J6lJTfi, t/J6ir@<fflllfirs;6ir. .!}lffi{b# #l6lir6lll(g}tllflJJ

85ff/J.J{b61fJ~ [email protected] ~f!j/$flf/wrrt6 wrrfiJpf/ I..D@fb{t;l611irII,61T

c!)l{D61fJ6llf (J~l..b (Jwrr~l.OfT{J;{J61J Q5tiJtlJfJ]fTirlI,6ir. $f!j/lI,61l LOL@tiJ

c!)lfjj61fJ6llf ,!)ILiU/9 (Jw 61llt:.@61flL f9@ffi{Dff6IJ, t6/T6Vl.O B/D 61fJ61JTti,

(!!jfilJIJfUU@~di, t661J@J6VuJlfili@$~ IL f!j/lI,@J6TT 61fl@61fl{btlf/@tl,(f!j (JLJ),

IFtrllio : c!}l61JUJllf/u4 6T6lii1JJl..b t1t..:.1961D6JJT 6Tuu19 61f/611}6TTUJ!T@611~6lir1JJJ

~/4fJI (i)II,r,6ir ~ ~ {lj!T6li t./h,t.fh, ~II,LUT61K ffa~tlll1JIT6lll

U,#6JJIT/61(f!jl.O 6JJ61fJt6. 411',IJ) QuJiJfJJ 6T$7rf11I,61T #l6V61fJ!J {#wa;6fr

w~~LJ)6i) 6>iJL'9@ffi{l,f161J c!)l6JJirt66lJJ6TTU uJiJfJ}J fblTI..O 6T{D16J/(Jw

r' ~/i,,:,J ~filllil9@U (Y>/9/JJ!Tst,J. Li)jJJ{bfjj66)61)LJ (Jur,61} u/fi6JJ!Tf51l£,61J

6Tsf',16J/l.i6iJ61J6V. [i'16NWfJ]IT6IJ ~ fjjfT6N /D@ttf/ /§61J6VIT{D6JJrf/6lir

8'16V6'V611Jf[J, ~ ,!)16Jlff{J;61T ~tJ;@J61fJLl1A{DtJJIT61K "'°11//J6ll)lJ)(JJff 6llf

LiX1111iftilllllJ6iJ ~ 61fl@tlJ&ilfJJwir. (urq;tFtm 4P•#JUNJi, 1601

- 16.18)

1·
I
I
 6lfl~
37

cMllfillj,ss>~ ~LLITlUU) ""~lb ua,L.LIT611

~rn:.ll~SD611 IL@6lllTc!&(!)lfll~ffl.

lD~uLf@

ffi6ll6S$6lD~ ffi6ll(!!>ID IL(!!>6llffiffilffi@)ID, ~IDfill6lDIDWIT611

~!lf1 llf@ffi 6Tl IT~ tb , 611>~ 6lD ffi ffi@) tb 81 ~ ffi IT !J ~ 6lfl 6ll L L d, 61D J,
IL®6}11r~tb. 6T6U6UIT(!!>ID ~ ~fro Q<'Jrr~!DfTiT&6ll. Lf!il.MiT

~~ ILllir~a; ffilTL@tb ~d.!r.tb ~~. c!Mllli&QiJ

~!D!l]ffilffi(g)lD !bl6lDI.D!bJ> UffiLLIT6S ffillL'1ffia>61l ILM6'1>6'n~

~~m6lliT~ f f i "ffi ~1D61DLwl6\l ffilTL@ffilffim.

I
 G8=rT!Dlf,65>6ll I L ~ffi 6lJIT~L ~ ~W61 11~.

.9l6IJ>6lJ M.JITWffilJUJIT6111 ~c!f,6 TI. U6\) 8 ' ~ 6 ' ) ~ ~611 1

611ltAllll6U (3u1Ta;i61it!D6111. !f>ITW Gs:1T!iJffi61D6Tlif> IJffiL(Ba-, ®Wlbulu

h a;i~rrl b. .!)f6ll!Drol61it 6Tdi]iTW6iJ>fJ)WIT 6111 Gu1T@6Tlffi61D6Tl @IQ(;j6U

~ ~ r r l b . !f>~ 611~!J 4d:,di]lill61it ~ U@:)di]. (3us;LJ6llit

~~axr ,/J~ ~~ ![,lb lD6111~€ro 6 J ~ 6 i : > Gi,:rr ~

!f>U)Sl)lM, t'f,rJWUU(B~a;i611!1)6111 .

.!)1611>611 IDIT!l)rTffi6 ~rr!iJffi61fl61it 4di]it 6lll!Mffi61fl61it mm(3L

ffilTL.. ~t'I,6Tl @:>Wlffi® 6lll!M .!)1611)Wffia;i 611!1)6111. W6111a-,dJmfr 6 ~ffi61D61T

8'~ll..J-6lit ~ffi®ffil611!1)6111. ~8lffi6 1D6Tf ffi ffi!T61i4Jlir ~

~Ldlff i61fl6i :> lf(B L.LI Q~~. .!)161)6}1 ~~ ~

(3 U rJ 6\)6lt lD (3 if> IT!D !I) d, 61D if> 6J!D LI (B d, ~ ~ 61it !I) 6111 . <fl !b if> 611)611if> ® lb

8'~ ~ ~LW Q!6ir(Bil.Jd;l60fi1Dfro. ~~61>U.JU b6U

,9161>611 U@)~ 6lj 61Tir!bJ> [QWITUJl006111 6'611D 16111 1~ '3U)Q) IJ~

if>(fair19a; ~di]~61it!1)611.

L,t1~ ~61J~ t'f,6ff : ~IT!Dc'f,611 I L ~ j , ~Lk .i

~ 6 i ) ~a1!1 )611. ~ iQ(ill)6\)6"DU ~ ~IT!i},!l,61m&i>

dlm4,&lt,1>«61it .!1,4, ~&J6111i@Qwa11J1T6'1, IL~ffi m ~4,ITI JW

6 J ~ ~d~ 6l6fi.Jl,I if>(fh Q.JJ(!!)611. WW, uivr,t,d,}&i>,

~ '}ID@>W MQiM ltilOL 1Lfi1■61>lDU.Jff4, I L ( ! ! ) ~ I L ~

to• ",.;, "" n:., .ic. .:Jru:n .4; A"-.lfrt.i.iF.~611 <'IJ6lffll lf>ti'.L Qa,,f 6'fl&J 61i!l)611. Q!f 11!i).Mn
I
 <'MIQl.U ~61il GiJ1T6')6l'i6TlffiR>IOOll'i~tti1 ("'h,tflll I .~11,Jt'' - Q/JrT~I)

®!UlW{Bffi61l L@6)11f,ffil8,6lJ)6T111 '81 lfT6\)(&6)1 11,t,,f) 6)1fTIJl{b:1Jf,7>1i)J. (ki,a,

~ Gl.JrT@~<'l,lf,rJlf,. lf,6D6ll!JIIT6U /hlT6lllll(!PIQUlrT~ ~/~ I Jffll jlM,lf.,-,

®@W{Bffi61l @(!!)<'i,ffil61il!IJ6ll. «>Jf l.U6l»ID, (&~11ll;i,l, 611llf>rtl1JJW, 'hrT~ )

t8uf6lJl!}J l006ll<'flf,tf, ~ 1.D6!111idl61Tir8'c!#lU.,-i,, <'J~U.Jf; lilMl'u°.%

G!f>ITLil1.Jffi61l !616l»!Dd>~.

(&IJITID [f>ITL(Blf u tf,lf,IJ6llIT ~~ ffilT61R6T\)UiiR6il>L61R. lflfiiU.JlilJ)6'

i!b61R 6llrTW!f,rT61fl61il Gu@WU®~ ~(!!) Q~tiJ6lJIDITIJ, 6)J~ULLITIT.

6T61R!IJIT~ID .!)16llir ~@ tf>IT61l <'fi,lfllU6l»6lll [bit.8il!b(bl UITiJ~!f>llir. ~

~ ~® c!#l~ U~6ll G<'1l.Ul.ULIULIQ(!!)d;~.

~ILffilTL #l w~w tD{btb '8wl!ronl!ll(?!)6ll6ll>{b ~6lJ®&@>

,;l(!!)l.'.is'bN)J. fLL{8Qi .!)f61iT ~fiil ta:..(Bl.06allj (8,JrTtrodw <'1rTWJflmtJID

QP@6ll6l»{bu.,l w ffilro)6T\){[>6ll ID{b~(tb 1Dfl!i}!)5l f»>1LLLITir. 6l6U600

~sf>tDIT6ll ID{b (8u~{b6'1)6l l~ ID{[> lDIT!iJ.):Ju lll]~SfllJ ~ ~

,. ®!Olu.Tt...19-6D>611u (&u1J6'i.> lJ<'i,tj; 6llrTUJ!f>~ffi ~®'i>d)®M UP19UJfl~.

/4rriw,m ~ wi:t)w ffi®J>d>l6ll>6ll, G.!fwd,l61lW ~

ID{b~6ll>6ll ID&~Llb UIJUU ~~611fT6\) fL@Ql~611}6'f fl.l..JD

®',Dlul(Blf>611l611U.J.b ~~11, l}(il)611111N:,i ~ 4(6w .!)IQl)LU.JIT m~

fL@6lllT<'l,(t[)~lf>6'fl) ~!D@)<'I, a;Qj~ [f>W(.!P611)LW 6li61>6'fl~

d$ 11 I 251 I
 i)~~lb. ~6Dl611flJ urrinA..11Jlfl6ii w6111M,16i:> 4lw ffi(!!)N,lt,

~~ M-r&liMJ> ~l.4-filJ ~•wab· l > ' f ~ ~..

Uffil~ G&rr61ifl&LrrGW6ip ~6lJir&6il w&lW6llir.

t648-fi1ru u11Jrr6all6ii w6ii6111~ 61lrrt,~ ~® 4Q'Lll

Gl6ll 19t, I>~. w61ir 611lfl6li ~IJ 6ll rr m iT &6'h 4!1 L 11.t, &IT IJ iT &61D6TT t,
1>11~fiD>!D6\IITM "&6ll6lil~" 616111 6Jll611rr. (LiQJ@,8t Gwrr~wlru
•t.i!ftT1Ttilk196TiJ') llp6llir&6il <ourflw 61Duw6dt&61>6TTU LIWQ:Pllld>I>
8 it, [b IT 61f16\) ... 6)1 QIIJ ... lD ... 611) 6TT LI u w fili u (B i:6 ~ 611 IT . 6T 61113 6U
•41LIIMrr!Jlr&6il 116dt611U uw6i:>&&rr' 6T61J!I} Qur®6ffl6i:> ~
fL@6ll&j661DJ> ~IJ<'frfl61ir ~l,IJ6}11T6TTiT&m uw61iru(Bj6~611iT.
4JL.fuJrr6TTir&61>6TT ~~ cfflinq.6ll6U QJL6'fb (fLl1fl!6}611)6\) IDI>@®)
~ ~~w Q<'frr606lD6\)IJ LfJL~a;&rT!Jitl6dt ~u.l_rr& LOO!iJ.lj,
8ll 4!JL 6)QDW ·u1!JIT6■ ~L' 6T61i llJI.O, 4!JL 6).t, .Y.lf!JIT <'f,611)6Tf
'ul !J rr 6lir iq w fr .Y. 61T ' 616lir llJ Lb ~61Dll)t, J,IT fr . 86ll tr &611 I>ffil & 6tT
~ ~UT Q.Jr~.;;.y..1 ■ ■• L LL61ll...561>611& @)!Jju.l_lT&
~161>1 Q9611iruilllr. •Li1Jlf 61iL' 616■11J Q61TQ) ~fr ~Ill

I ~a'JllJfal. ~ ~ut(B "606ll)Q)Qu6dl!IJ1J6i:> ~ L i l

(Js,;w!i>l>I ~~ bull~.

~ Qlf~ UM6ff 6 ~ ~
._.-&61)61T;, lflM l@UJ L.~~li,IU) ~ u . t ~

96l>all"i>fl'u iJ11wwnliL 5'illliuL'1«>..-n atJ!ilOat!iJa,riil.Y.m.

.-ra»6il • ~ Jil6l>WJ..I aa....a... 61.-.ftw ill~ - ,Sl6ll/Ta;6iT

d,I.
I ,(lal'I n
I
1&tllw61i

fb63ltJJ>tilJflF $_n~!]}l l;)(!Tj b1/6lJ)cv B!JlT6lJ)6JJ61f)l,JJ IL@6JJIT$@'JW

,,1CoJJi1116liltr,b1i (111)61) , ~{ljJ <,Jffftw b;6TflufJ6llftT6i.>. 6161J6lJfT6JJ/iJ!Jfl6lil f3W§))ltJJ

_IT>t,;i, 11;!lflira,64)m !lflwtTwwrrcv61/w ffUJ/1)/T856J/W LJf!jJaJIL.L orfluupm.

~IIJQUIT@{!j /W WITf!JITl06V !lfl!Jffifb!JlO!TcE, !!flJOUfblT6V, @@

Glu@ff,fb6i1>6V611(1Jjd:,@ {.io;{.ie; f3£06lir&DW/JJIT61Jf IL@6JJlOIT8;9' ,tirflli.16iD6lll

_ffjflr,,j/ f1t13rrf.l,Qfb{!Jli,a;/6lirf1f!J61H. U/lf}61TfTllltcfjlfJ/) ~tru.fl, "~ t!Fllt

4f/rt,/' (IJjrf/1.1.J W6lit11K6li) 1638 - 1715.

/!!')lilJL

f3l06V a;Jf1wrrf1LIT61fl6iJ Q9}[[J#<'llli,61JtT61H 6161kb(DIT@ w611/lf>6{il

[email protected]/blT6lR. (5~611ir/MJ ) p}Oj19~rr~ !588£j6iJ uii{t;lrtiJ LUT~6V

f)<!!J Qu;fJw (f1{J3,rffir# 9V!il({b) c!li,LLfbtlf/&D6N 6JfiJurr(!J {;;wtiJ{blrir.

~ffi!U@ Qf)u}##lli,61JfffilR @6lilu~ ~ 61f!LL(!l)oirm @@ QurfJw

@6lJJLuJ/6ll)6lJf 6JIRl9 ILIJJflll){ftiN 5)@ tD{fiu.Jl6lir ~ td)til6if/6llf!T6li.

.!Jlf!j6i/ ~ I F 6rfDIIJI OCL{i;f/)6iJ @!JfillNLip~ ~ Cfe;!,6'XJL.L/(ii)

f&w6lJQurwoi1W ~a .!)//pl fa.tflwa, cE,f/}ir~ Litr~l',,r,I

@MJL£&6iJ 6JJ611iiltilJlllfbtlfltilJMIJ19 tlifOfPIUL/IJfhf/,76lJ U!J6JJ9' r;;)q~- &f6ll5

6Jffiurrt:..,p6llfrr6iJ 1.ia;6}/LiJ tMf'IR!i>f/3 fF,¥;thp o11irfbl!fl ~liltt,iJlnIDdi>rtbu

Ulfltrtfl.f, ~61/6rlf4jl 61JrfltMlf)6TJ !l/b4'JJ ~lU{J3/TiT. V,R,O, ~trL.U,

"cYIT4J>IH4 ;; S,UI.Hllfl6ri) la Qa=iTLDafl" (s,(.lufaftUJI, ~ , t

6UIW~) 1933.

di~ 37 I 253
Ul.fJLJJtb : #!§PJ6»61IIJ./LD ~rfllU§!J)ILO. cfl.6JiJ6lD6l_Juf6V .!)16JJJ]J..JUUL.5J)Jtb

(Y}(.l,{,) @6riki,.:li!lfllr 6J!!ir!Ji1b 5J&H!lf6ir f3LD6iJ GylifirJ)J uf!9ti,e,uu:J]w{3ur~

- fy(!Jj 1.//,Jw t3svlT/iJf!JLO ?L(!!j611Tt£lflJ{I)/. fy@ 4ffeJ..J c!)l/lf'cE, 7/JW

(3wc;J61.1@af'J]:tJJ. <:!jpfi.J.k... @ci,f!b 6Tfbfb 6Jflmli,a;(Y)Lb l3ffi6lJJ6JJui:d6JJ61).

t!Frna111 .- QJJT@filltfE,oTflfiir 1../llff, (3~t36TT ~ 6TuQ...Jrr@st>JJiJ

t!E,61Jfl afllifir!IJ6l1T. c!}j61Jlill.fJ6fir [email protected] t3fb!f151t£,orfl6V ~!Jt!Fir

61il{JJ(Tli,t!E,6:fJ6TTfL/W. t!n6/JJ/$ITL.illlD6i1J6TfU./W 6J/iJUT@ b¥FI.L14,J I.Pi!ix£,61f}w

f;'I.L/61/ t3{Wfb6»fb f6/fJiJL.5J c:9161Jir1D6Tfl6iiT (:£,61J6(Jf{b6l»/bfb !lf!6imF ~(!JjUU

t36l16lli'ir@Lb. (Jd}t6ll~rrllfiVtr t.0rrt6~UJ6JJ6V6ifl, 1469 - 1527)

 61fl~
38

ILl&l&6TT ~~LIULl_!-•IIQ.- '1!i)~L41&1&5(T.

~6111T6U lD!D!D6llir&61D61TU rAurr6i) !f>L!b~
Qa,rr6iJ@J1&1&6iT.

lD~Ut..f(B

6lJWffill>~{bl8,@ IDIT!J)IT6ll 6ll\tilll>611>6TTl.4W, IDIJ4'f,@ 61~1JIT611f

a=.(!!)~11>611>6lll4tb G6ll6'01UJ(B~a; G11,rr6Zliif(B ~6il 11,rr6\)!bl611>61)4,~

6T~IJITIL5 ~6\)6lJl'blTM ll,IJL..l91b Qa.rr6lllilu6i> I.OM6TI - ~c$6TI

.916lJITc$6!D6TT~ ~~6lll!IJ6 lllll> !f;l611>611Wlf>IT~. ~a=.6ll«i1 ~ l b

~ IL~ ~ - 616llw,.D ~wt, Qlf,,r6TI6UJiTc$6TI.

~r&lc$6TI ~W!blf">6lJIJlf,6TI 6161R(DI .!)f6}1iJIJ,611)6lJ IL6111111J 611)6lJ~& llc$

w8>&6iT ILl!ll<'l,611)6ll d> lf">6Dall9M ~ 6ll\ti1611>ll.Ja; <!Milllilffi ij19uuriTc$6TT.

616111'186>J tna;ffi@J,L61R 11,~ Gffi!T6Zliif(B, Qur~ ufiillil4'i, ~Wlc$6lD6TI

6ll6TJ(!!)r&1B">6il. ILl!llffi Gl<'frr~ &®U611>6lliJ <'Jffil~ QiJ,,J6ilma;

.,-.. 1.9 w !f>6iRir u fr ffi@J, L ~ Lb . l'b 6llfl d, j[> Ii■ 611> lD 611> W IL WI~ w rr ffi LI

U1TIJITL(Bl86ll111f1L(Y)lb 1DL(BIJw ulLllT!l>«i1 Gl&[email protected]&m.

I 255
 !f>ITlb 616U6\)rT@tb Gumi.1a;6i1 Glfrr6Uffil(81Drrtb; 1L6111ir6D>WWrT611

IL6IRlliT6}f<'Mll611 ~(8 a}r rtb. 6JG6il6lit!DrT&U <.!J>@(f Bi~~ !JU (8u/fffi

6T 61i u ~ 8' @ ~ rr w ~ ~160 ~ <!!> li.t& <.!P 19 w rr If)! • !!> u.'> uf1 61.)

Co'lu(!!>tburT6\)fT6111'6lJiT&®ffi® ~If)! ~W!D6Ulffi. GIJ(!!>tburT6\)fT6111' IDM6TT

6J!DWlffi G&rr6iT®lb 61~Eiimlfllffi®tb, ID~ ut.1(Ba,®tb ~<!! >~ 6ll!IJ6!1r;

6llrr~(B6lllf)I 6lT6111ir. !!>fTtb 601@~6ll6Ul/b !!>tb4ffil61R(8/J}rrtb; ~6111'rr6U

G61J6lfl IL6Uffil&U ~(!!> ~ 1 9 "916illllffil(8/J}rrtb. Gu@tburr6UIT6111' l.Olf,&6TJ

til!b!f>)axr.rru&u(8w ~ ~~. wd ,lu l]~ '~ffi,

Ga, 611 u tJ1 19 ~ «,i ffi Ga, rr 6illir 19 ® c!t, l6l 6lir !D rr IT a, m. .!)I 611 IT a, 61ft 6lir

!!>tbulffi611>&ffi6lil6U 6ll~6llrr6111' IL6IRlliTif~a,6iT IL 61T61TL rr a, IL 61T6116111'.

61~6 lJ .!)16lJ!D611>fJJ ~~ffi611 (8a,6iT601 18&L..®tb GUIT(!N)I, .!)f6}1irffi61T

IL ~ffi6U)61T 61,irffiffil!DrriTffi6TT.

4d:,,lfrr6Ulj,~<.!J>tb ,!D6Ultruttb Gffirr6111irL6lJira;6iJ ~1Tffilffi6il

lDIJ4ffiGffill j,~ !f>L--i>6D)~61DU.J G6ll6liluu(B~ @19 ~ 6T6lit(Dltb, ID9"44>

~ i f QIJIJ6\)iU @9ll.p) 6T6illwab, ~ ®;m ~liU ~

if,ffr61ffi6TT ![,IDl.J ~l9W ,6U6 ll)Q ) 616ll(DllD J>f!llffi6TI 6WTW4>~611

QP!i)u@">,td~6U Gt,rfltt,«,I Ga;,J6fJ&l!)JITir&6fJ. <!)t6»/Hr.6iJ U>ct,a,&nrr(B

~!Dlu (3ur r~6U ~ffilT !Jtb Gt.lllJ&l!DfJlrc!r»6iJ. ~ ll~ ~

~ s:iflUJIT6116B>6ll 616liJU61)f, ~6ir ~tb ~&WIT611 ~L U>

G6rr6i)~ ,!M6llira;61D6ffd, ,(!!> u~uu (Bj,t , &>1911JD. ~ G6ll6ID6ll·

 !f>LD<Ssf>LUIT6lll a.rt~ w. U60JWW WIJ4'I> (8&1TLU1T(Ba.6iT UJJ!f>li)I

6»1LL6lll 616Ul(DI ffi!DU6Gl6lll G8:UJL4U> .916116\j<'I>@ (!pl..LIT6"sf>611HDITc!&

(i(.l!>lf>ci>IT in ffi6TT. (8ur16\S1(8LU1T sf>@u~t.f16G>UJ (&~IT 6lllll 6l\) <'JIT 6\)lf, ffi6111R(B

uliq ~sr,Gu lT@~ c916llir 6»1 ~@>IT6lll ~fl w~ dlwl6lil 6lild,1(!pQ)!Ilc!&68>611

u5{nl 6lll1Tir . .91sf)IT6ll~. ul!IJ 6»1~@>IT611111,61f] L lD ,:9fsf)611>611flf> c!&IT LLIT lD60

(3!J>IJIQLUIT ffi wli:,a,61f1L(3w c!&ITLIQ6lll1Tir. sr,61if ffi6111R(Bul19-u4&@ 6lJlO

6ll@~sf> ul!IJ Effil@,@,ITEililffi~@ !f>61R!Di IJn!I)ITlDW, sf)611611>611f~&I
9® !f> L <'f ~ ~ IJ LO c!l!,ffi ffi1 a:, Q a, IT 6llal L IT IT . lD a:, a, 61T ,:916lJ 611> 1J
(3!f>dl~d,)(!!>lf>ffi6\)ITU>; ~6!1Hf6\) 6lil~@,IT61ilc!&6TI Q6ll(D l~ira.6 iT. ,916llir

6»1@,@)IT61ilc!&61f16lif c!F(!psf>ITLU~W s1,Eili1611)lDIJ u(B~sf)UULLITir. ,91!f>lf>

lD6llflf,ci,c!fl.J611)l.Jlf, @6111 1JLU( B~. ~d,)tL sf>6»l ~. 9~~

Gu!IJ c916llir UW6\)IJ6111R@c!&611)611 6l161111f1Q~s1J1Tir .

.91 ~ a, IT 1J d,- ~ i}}l 61T (3 611 IT IT c!F IT 6\) ffi Q c!F l.U sf) sf) 6lJ I)) 611>llJ ~
G<'J 1U 6ll ~ 6\) 61>6U. tbl!D 68> Wl.4 6iT 611 !b rfl 68>LU u (3u IT ru lf>'9 li:, ffi6lj lb .
QJrr~I J)M6T I Gsb1JLir4 $(1JJl.JL.Jsbflc!f,L.J unflTl'fll@> Qc!fwlJ.J6lllD .9f6»irl£,6TT
.!I)ll ir&6TI. U6\) !I)IT~6111R(Bl£,61JIJ c!f, ~ dlLUW IT~~ 6JlOO!iJ!Dla;

ffi6U>6U@>fTffi@)lD ~~sb!f> ~IJ~68 >sf>~ ~611 Ga=~ 6ll®di1611llJITira;m.

~lJJ6 l\) llc!Fir, ul(JITffilffi6\Sl61if 19. ®6fbG6uo\)L 13UIT611!IJ ~ 6 l l i rlf,6TT
.916ll ir ci,611~ $ lJJ!D 6a>lf>lJJIT 6lll (3wL..@ffi@IQ lDffilf,611 !f,l6a>60WJ fill)Qlf
6illL 19!D r6I ffi1 8' IT If> IT 1J 611111 lDd> lf>6lfi L lb LI Wffi lf> I!> 61D if, 6ll 611 iT ~ t,I&

Ga.if6llitL611ir. ~~ 6 U I T ~ if>IJ [t;l6D)6\) ~lf, ~a\l !Ul

BilL$ sf>IJffillI>6TI Q.Jr~ ~61 1 ~~Q) illl@) Q&r r~a; a,
lf>ITLIQti. Ga;rrm611 .916llirlf>m dl!}ilw ~61Da;&61D611a. &llLIQiliT.
.:!)16a>6)j LIQ) 8'lDWlfllc'f,61f16\) @!o1W@lf>i'fllllf> ~®!bif ,611. ~lfllc'f,6Tl
B'@ if>IT w ~ ~ fil»61T lfll 6a>WL4 lb Gu IT (Wt,,, ( L lfll a;6TT Q"' IT (I> if>&
I
(_Utp/JJIP ' a;IIJIU4 "IJ@, $!!)/Uij "tjt:t,6JJ6R lf'ffii'1/{b e}tf;lthi?,Bf!;o,:p -
.!)lffe fb,?JJcE,@d,.!!J<'i G1tFtTfbfblOl1 6T6li!Ufbl tT1fl111nlnffi Gl!brfl111m.06i.J.

616"JlfJ611 ~ U6:Kfb ?JJ,.!j!t'oNJ]tp/," ~V6Vffe Wpj6fl)jbu.Jlot'fi(pfb{fJJ W6VIAfb

f/)f£.J]ffe. .!)l?JJ.!!) fi)Jj!TWcE,6" .!)lfb6iJ)6lJ! lfJLa;afJ 6JJ@r6Ja{J 615J@aJl6iirJJ]6iJT.

;b'Jj/~6Tf L£'fh6»fb!.ljL 641 l@c9{!jjcE,6'i, - 616JIH6Ji'Jfla;6/JUEufl6V UITffe85ITUL/

~0fi,af',JJ~ . tL r6/$6" fJ61J/I)JUIT@cE,61D6TT IL r6Jt!Eoir cf!{bf!j6lf)&JTuJl6V

611611'1/-,/Je;,71 - tLl>IIE6" "'11Juli1f/ 1LQufflltfiifl{!6V /

~
~rr61ta,: 4@flfbl/JIT6l1T61Dffi /IJITWcE,(§J]J,ri;@,ri; Glasrr@a;cErrfbirasoir. .6L ffi185oir

(Y)fb~cE,6JJ6TTU u6lir!Jf'c£,61fl6lir (Y)dr 6Tpfl111rr$ircE,oll; 6Tf!f't~!b!T6V <!)16lf)61J

c£,fT61)c£,61f}6li, ~IR ,!)!61JrfJ6lDflJ L.if!f]{b~ lilf'L@ ...:ffil~67T fb f!jfft!5t!hfb

t'J0i.b4i.b. r•aw~ 4Jlpf/~. 11)~~~ V

I
 ~~~ffi6ll>6Tlll..llD, LDd,]ut.1(Bffifill6TTLl..llD 61TL196U fill6llt,11Jl (ffiJi.:_(B~
Ge:~B>6TT. ~11!iiB>6iT l()lfillWLl..ltb @@filJffi@ u5l@61Jtb GurT@t,~L006ll
~6100..l ~tr>«,l ~6iT~)d6TWXTirffi ~~ ~L~
U6\) ~~ G6lrjJJj11i1Jtroffi ~mir. ~ (8urr@tb ~6!1linQ.~6U
IM>ffiffl LDITL..l9ffi G<'f>IT6iT6lllTiT ffi6TT. 6)QQi61it!I)IT6U il!llffi6Tl .9f6lJir ffi6TT
ffi® t>«>i c$6ll)6TT 6J!iJ u ~IT ffi lf>ID46Ui1Jl ~6U fT ffi @J,ffi@) C!P ffi6l\) (bl~ •
8'!f>(3~u5l6'\'J6\)!JlD6'\'J ILl!ilffi@J,ffi@>ID LDd,]ut.1(Ba;6iT ~~6lir!IJ6Ur, -
,916Ulrffi@J>L6rl ~®ffi®ID QJIT(!p«,I ~lrffi@J>L6lir ~ IJl!IULlL(Bffi
Qa:,rr6iT@J,tb LDd,lut.1(Ba;6iT.

~1.9 W.!6IP LiJ LJIJ.Ja,/J/L/L.b

" L ,'W!h6!1Jfifl9 8rj}fD'§J)JW Uff@r6ttEoir. t@{t,lff)!TtilN IL 6lJ(ljf,b{l9f36V~

I tflc5tfia:,u (i/utfl111 t!Ff[J6JJfb" 616/Hf[Jlfil f)(!JJ @IJJlf)cl,61ff.

{fi6V6'f)6V... ,. 61@/f[Jllir @(!!J u1116iJJfi.

"gy
"fMIJ6V~. fy@f36216JJ61T {.icT,{.ia;u
!lf/a=cFUJlf)ffcE,

{;'LJ:/1111~ c!)loV6V. c5}!,6Nll61J tfic5u5lc5(F cllf[Jffi!b{DJ" 616iRf[Jffir (!Jjl.9Wc561R.

"B'hlfic5 pfr6Ja,61J pf/fFtT/1JWITcE,ff; fb6JJiJ)I GJa-ti.JaJlpJire;oir" 616liTf[JrriT

IJILJ64Jfi. "f[,ff6IH fLJ!Jlt!D(§!jl£,(!!jfF GJu.rr6iJ6V (.!j)IJJ/1./W... " 616lHf[JITir (!bf.JJIJJ,!£,6IH.

c!)lffjffeLOIJJ, !if£/111 {362J6ll)fiflu.JJ6lJ (!b l1J wci,a;oir ,!NfbfbU u1116'JIJfJ6JJlLJU

l/tiJ>/b,<b/lJ 6l)fft. u
"~ tJ16\) 6TO,, (i s'fil lt, 1!661) ~ a; 6TJ ) Mfll,UffL. jUITull

6TVlfl 61!6li5 tiW 1850 - /894.

61~!flT61Jf I/JIIT6V

Jf)/1 /i,a2W62161J615/tl,@ ~ir 5)61161Jflffir lfL !JffU aJlolJJL;fjf!fJ@ffifD!Tol.l,

1011fi,t£lw6116V6lilll;b{f)J66@ 6/f!fl!frra, fy@ /plff6IJ 6l(!f?{{Jlf5/$6TT 6/WIJ)I

(JJ)fb6tn (!JJ{b6Vff{5 ,!)/61Jfi!f c!)l61JrflL1iJ Utfl[h{fJl@J[f/bsf)J 5J@LJUl/11. -

/61Jrr6i)<&L fr I 694 - I 778)