ENGLISH INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

Cycle of exploitation: child labour across generation

Summited by

V P ISHA PRIYANGA

S FATHIMA MAISA

XII B
 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

Child Labour" for our Investigatory project because it

is a deeply concerning issue that affects millions of
children around the world, including in India. Despite
laws and international conventions against it, child
labour remains prevalent due to poverty, lack of
education, and social inequalities. we believe that
raising awareness through digital platforms and data
analysis can contribute to the fight against this
injustice.

The main aim of this project is to collect, analyze, and

present relevant data on child labour in India and
globally using appropriate tools and techniques learned
in IP. We plan to explore various aspects such as
causes, consequences, affected regions, and
government policies through data handling,
visualizations (charts and graphs), and possibly basic
database work.

Through this project, we wish to enhance my technical

skills in data management while also developing a
deeper understanding of a pressing social issue.
Ultimately, We hope that this project not only fulfills
academic requirements but also encourages meaningful
discussions and awareness among our peers
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We place my sincere thanks to our english teacher

Mrs CHANDINI for her guidance and advices to
complete our work successfully.
We also thank our principal
for providing us all the facilities to finish the project
on time.
We also take this opportunity to place on record my
deep gratitude to LORD ALMIGHTY for the
countless blessings showered on us while doing the
work and to complete it.
Last but not least we thank our parents for their
encouragement and support in our humble venture.
 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION UNDER
THE GUIDENCE OF TEACHER

This is to certify that V P ISHA PRIYANGA a student

from CLASS: XII,Section:B, Session :2025-2026, from
ROJAVANAM INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL,PUTHUGRAMAM,has done her project work

titled “Cycle of exploitation: child labour across

generation” as a part of ALS project , under the
guidance of the undersigned

It has been observed that she had shown keen interest in

the assigned work and completed it within the mentioned
time period

SIGN OF THE TEACHER

NAME OF THE TEACHER
 ACTION PLAN

Through this project , we would like to bring atttention to the

most concerning isssue which is prevailing in the world ,
which is child labour. The sequential action done in this
project are listed below

 First step is to choose a partner who has similar idea as

mine
 Then,we reasearched on the topic by using few
books,articles ,newspaper,internet[Google]
 Then ,we divided the work among ourself and set a
timeline for our self
 Then,we discussed on how to write a perfect report
which exactly convert our idea to the audience
 Finally we combat our findings and research in this
project
 INTRODUCTION

Child labour is one of the most serious social issues affecting

millions of children around the world today. It refers to the
employment of children in any form of work that deprives
them of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend
regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially, or
morally harmful. Despite global efforts to end it, child labour
continues to exist, especially in developing countries, due to
poverty, lack of education, and inadequate enforcement of
labour laws.

Children are often forced to work in harsh conditions in

factories, farms, construction sites, or as domestic help,
usually for very little pay and without any legal protection.
This not only robs them of their right to education and a safe
childhood but also affects their physical and emotional
development.

This project aims to explore the causes, consequences, and

possible solutions to child labour. Through research,
awareness campaigns, and proposed action plans, we hope to
contribute to the global fight against this injustice and
promote a future where every child is free to learn, grow, and
thrive.
SUREVEY REPORT ON CHILD LABOUR
ACROSS DIFFERENT STATES ACROSS INDIA

 CHENNAI

Chennai, being capital of tamilnadu and being centre

of different trading mode,also suffers from child
labour.around 25% children in northeren chennai are
child labour.most of these children are under the age of
10 and they are boys.graph given below prove this
statement
DELHI

Being the captial of the nation and pride of having

monuments,the problem of child labour is also faced by
this territory.in the eastern peripheryof delhi,many
immigrant children work as a ragpicker or some other
work.they are not given a proper infrasture to live

Ragpicking in delhi

 MUMBAI
Mumbai is one of the major cities in india.also it have the
largest slum in the world THARVI. Many chidren
acrosss mumbai are affected especially in tharvi
region .children there do work like recycling,lether
works.bangles making,etc.about 45%children born in
tharvi are child labours when they are
grown .government is taking measure to uplift the
standard of the people of tharvi
PICTURE OF ARTICLES ON CHILD LABOUR

AN ARTICLE BY TIMES OF NOW

AN ARTICLE BY THE HINDU
AN ARTICLE BY INDIAN EXPRESS
\
CASE STUDY : BRICK KILN ACROSS INDIA

INTRODUCTION

 Sector: Brick Kiln Industry

 Age of Workers Involved: Typically between 8–16

years

 Estimated Number of Child Workers in Sector:

Over 250,000 (unofficial estimates)

 Key Locations: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand,

Odisha, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu

 Nature of Employment: Informal, often bonded

labour due to family debt
Key Issues Identified
a. Poverty and Debt Bondage
 Many families migrate seasonally to work in kilns
and bring their children along.

 Advances taken from kiln owners bind families in

debt cycles, forcing children to work.

b. Hazardous Working Conditions

 Children work long hours in intense heat, lifting
heavy loads, and inhaling dust and smoke.

 Frequent injuries, dehydration, and respiratory

illnesses are common.

c. Loss of Education
 Most children drop out of school during the kiln
season (6–8 months).
  Seasonal migration prevents continuous schooling.

d. Lack of Legal Awareness

 Families and children are often unaware of their
rights or the illegality of child labour.

4. Legal Framework
Indian Laws
 Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and
Regulation) Act, 1986 (amended in 2016):

 Prohibits employment of children below 14 in any

occupation.

 Adolescents (14–18) cannot work in hazardous

industries, including brick kilns.

 Right of Children to Free and Compulsory

Education Act, 2009:
  Ensures free education for children aged 6–14.

International Conventions
India has ratified:

 ILO Convention No. 138 (Minimum Age)

 ILO Convention No. 182 (Worst Forms of Child

Labour)

 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

5. Stakeholders Involved
 Children and Families: Trapped in poverty cycles,
unaware of legal protections.

 Brick Kiln Owners: Benefit from cheap labour,

often operate outside legal oversight.
  Contractors: Recruit and transport workers, often
enforce debt bondage.

 Government Authorities: Enforcement is weak due

to corruption, resource constraints.

 NGOs and Civil Society: Active in rescue,

rehabilitation, and education efforts.

 Local Schools: Struggle to retain migrant children

or adapt to seasonal migrations.

6. Impact
Short-Term
 Malnutrition, fatigue, lack of play and education,
exposure to harmful elements.

 Long-Term
Limited life opportunities, continuation of poverty, and
perpetuation of child labour across generations.
7. Interventions and Best Practices
Successful Models
 Bachpan Bachao Andolan (BBA): Has rescued
thousands of children and advocates for stronger
enforcement.

 Uttar Pradesh Child Labour Rehabilitation Scheme:

Provides financial aid and schooling for rescued
children.

 Seasonal Hostels and Bridge Schools: Help

children of migrant workers continue education.

Recommendations
 Enforce existing laws more effectively with stricter
inspections.

 Provide identity and entitlements (ration cards,

Aadhaar) to migrant families.
  Develop mobile schools or seasonal learning
centres in brick kiln areas.

 Link rescued children with social security and

education schemes (e.g., PM CARES, NCLP).

 Encourage community monitoring and child

protection committees at village level.

8. Conclusion
Child labour in India’s brick kiln industry reflects the
intersection of poverty, migration, debt bondage, and
weak law enforcement. While India has made progress
through legal reforms and NGO interventions, systemic
changes are needed to address root causes. Holistic
strategies involving prevention, rescue, rehabilitation,
and education can pave the way for long-term
eradication of child labour in this and other vulnerable
sectors.
Interview with Arun: A Glimpse into Child
Labor in a Textile Shop

This interview is taken by us to a 12 year old boy

arun, who lives in our neighbourhood and working
in a textile shop . few question asked to arun and
his answer is attached in this project

Interviewer: Thank you for speaking with us today,

Arun. Could you please tell us how old you are?

Arun: I am 12 years old.

Interviewer: What made you start working in the

textile shop?

Arun: My family is facing financial difficulties. My

parents thought it would help if I worked to earn
some money.

Interviewer: What tasks do you perform at the

shop?
Arun: I assist in sorting fabrics, cutting threads, and
sometimes help with packaging.

Interviewer: How many hours do you work each

day?

Arun: I work from 9 AM to 6 PM, with a short

break for lunch.

Interviewer: Are you able to attend school while

working?

Arun: No, I had to stop going to school to work.

Interviewer: What do you miss most about school?

Arun: I miss learning new things and playing with

my friends.

Interviewer: How do you feel about not being in

school?
Arun: I feel sad and sometimes worried about my
future.

Interviewer: Have you ever been hurt while

working?
Wikipedia

Arun: Yes, once I cut my finger while trimming

fabric.

Interviewer: Do you receive any support or

guidance at work?

Arun: The shop owner is kind, but there isn't much

training. I learn by watching others.

Interviewer: What are your dreams for the future?

Arun: I want to return to school and become a

teacher.
Interviewer: Is there anything you'd like to say to
people who are concerned about child labor?

Arun: I hope they can help children like me go

back to school and have a better life.

Interviewer: Thank you, Arun, for sharing your

story. Your courage helps us understand the
importance of addressing child labor.

Through this interview ,we came to know the

challenges faced by children like Arun in the textile
industry, emphasizing the need for collective
efforts to eliminate child labor and ensure access to
education for all children.
QUESTIONNAIRE ON CHILD LABOUR

 Do you think that child labour are exploited ?,

if yes in what ways they are exploited?

 Do you think that it is necessary to protect this

children from labourism in this modern era

 What are the reasons do you think that, these

children are exploited for?
 REPORT ON PERSISTENCE OFCHILD
LABOUR IN MUMBAI , CHENNAI AND
DELHI

INTRODUCTION

Despite numerous laws and social initiatives aimed at

eradicating child labour in India, it remains a

pressing issue in several parts of the country, particularly in

urban centres such as Mumbai,

Chennai, and Delhi. This report aims to highlight the

continuing prevalence of child labour in these

cities, examine the contributing factors, and suggest possible

measures for eradication.

Current Scenario

1. Mumbai

In Mumbai, child labour is notably present in informal sectors

such as street vending, rag pickingand small-scale
manufacturing units in Dharavi and other densely populated
slums. Children are
often employed in zari work, embroidery, and plastic
recycling. They are exposed to hazardous

conditions and are frequently denied access to education and

healthcare.

2. Chennai

In Chennai, child labour continues in areas such as the leather

industry, tea shops, automobile

workshops, and brick kilns. Perungalathur and parts of North

Chennai report incidents of child

labour, especially involving children from impoverished

families or migrants. Many are forced to work
to supplement family incomes or pay off debts.

3. Delhi

In Delhi, children are often seen working in roadside eateries

(dhabas), construction sites, and as

domestic workers. Areas such as Seelampur and Shahdara

have reported cases of child labour in

small factories and workshops, where children are engaged in

long hours of work under unsafe
onditions.

 Contributing Factors
- Poverty and lack of education
- Migration from rural areas
- Weak enforcement of child labour laws
- Social acceptance in informal sectors
- Demand for cheap labour

 Legal Framework and Challenges

India has laws such as the Child Labour (Prohibition and
Regulation) Act, 1986 (amended in 2016),
which prohibits employment of children below 14 in any
occupation, and of adolescents (14-18
years) in hazardous occupations. However, loopholes and
lack of enforcement hinder their
effectiveness. Many employers exploit the legal
exception allowing children to help in family
enterprises after school hours.
  Recommendations
- Strengthening monitoring and enforcement mechanisms.
- Increasing community awareness about the harms of child
labour.
- Enhancing access to quality education and mid-day meal
schemes.
- Rehabilitation programs for rescued children.
- Incentives for employers to employ adult workers instead of
children

Conclusion

Child labour continues to be a harsh reality in parts of

Mumbai, Chennai, and Delhi. A concerted
effort by government agencies, NGOs, civil society, and
citizens is crucial to ensure that every child
is protected, educated, and empowered to build a better future
GROUP REFLECTION ON CHILD LABOUR

Through this project , we have learned so many challenges,

hardships faced by those vulnerable children who are near our
age .those kids are also deserve what we are having now.like
education , proper care, medical facility.we also feel so much
gratitude for what we have now. Also, we are requesting the
government to make the laws against child labour more strong
so that these crimes are avoided. These children are exploited
for a selfiness of the higher tier people.this project taught as
so many valuable lesson . each of us can contribute by
making informed choices, supporting policies that protect
children's rights, and advocating for systemic changes that
address the root causes of child labour.
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