A course of Hydrodynamic machines

Lecture 01

Basic concepts

Dr. Ngo Ich Long

School of Mechanical Engineering
Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)
 Introduction to this course
1. Course Name: Hydrodynamic machines

2. Course info: Course code TE3400_3(3-0-1-6), Class code 136904, 65

students, TC-209, weeks 2-9; 11-18, semesters 20221 A-B

3. Lecturer: Dr. Ngo Ich Long

Address: Fluid Power & Automation Engineering (FPAE), School of
Mechanical Engineering (SME), HUST, No. 01, Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung,
Hanoi, Vietnam
Email: [email protected]
4. Textbook: in the HUST release only
Class materials on MS-Team:
https://teams.microsoft.com/l/channel/19%3aj0ofNKD_CBKWaE2LEE2e5NbnsBimP6uu15qA2pI
nCTU1%40thread.tacv2/General?groupId=71a4fc58-eea9-4bef-8b94-
337bb9f704e6&tenantId=06f1b89f-07e8-464f-b408-ec1b45703f31
Code: l5auui7
26-Dec-22 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_compressor; https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/aircraft- 2
systems/how-does-a-jet-engine-turbofan-system-work/
 Introduction to this course

5. Reference books:
- Nguyễn Văn May (2009), Bơm, Quạt, Máy nén, Nhà xuất bản Khoa
học và Kỹ thuật.
- Đinh Ngọc Ái, Nguyễn phước Hoàng (1977), Giáo trình Thủy lực và
máy thủy lực, ĐHBKHN.
- Sayers, A. T. (1990), Hydraulic and compressible flow turbomachines
(No. BOOK). McGraw-Hill, London.

6. Purposes of Subject:
i) Approach and be familiar with types of hydrodynamic machines;
ii) Know professional terms, involving in English;
iii) Improve presentation skills, working skill in a group (under
consideration since there is no more time until the end)

26-Dec-22 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_compressor; https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/aircraft- 3

systems/how-does-a-jet-engine-turbofan-system-work/
 Introduction to this course

7. Examinations: Mid-term (30%) + Final term (70%)

8. Assignments: Encouraging students to calculate, design or

simulate a turbo-machines (More scores)

9. Others:
- Create some groups to discuss and share each other.
- Sightseeing variety of turbo-machines in some labs or institutes.
- So on …

26-Dec-22 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_compressor; https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/aircraft- 4

systems/how-does-a-jet-engine-turbofan-system-work/
 Outline of this half
Lecture 01. Basic concepts of hydrodynamic machines
Lecture 02. Basic concepts and equations of turbomachines
Lecture 03. Theory of dimension and similarity
Lecture 04. Centrifugal pumps
Lecture 05. Axial-flow pumps
Lecture 06. Introduction to Hydraulic and wind turbines
Lecture 07. Water turbines
Lecture 08. Wind turbines

26-Dec-22 5
 Outline of Lecture 01
Basic concepts of hydrodynamic machines

1.1 Basic terminologies

1.2 Basic parameters of fluid turbo-

machines

26-Dec-22 6
 1.1 Basic terminologies
*What is Fluid?

next
section

1.

26-Dec-22 7
 1.1 Basic terminologies
*What is Fluid?

26-Dec-22 8
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Weight, density and specific gravity

Universal
Law of
Gravitation
26-Dec-22 9
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Weight, density and specific gravity

~ 9802.2575 N/m3

26-Dec-22 10
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Weight, density and specific gravity

26-Dec-22 11
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Weight, density and specific gravity

26-Dec-22 12
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Pressure and head

Pascal’s law ?
statement that, in a fluid at rest in a
closed container, a pressure change
in one part is transmitted without
loss to every portion of the fluid
and to the walls of the container.

26-Dec-22 13
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Pressure and head

What type of pressure?

26-Dec-22 14
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Pressure and head
In fluid mechanics, head is a concept that relates the energy in an incompressible fluid
to the height of an equivalent static column of that fluid.

1ft = ?12 Inch

1inch = ?25.4 mm
1psi = ?6895 Pa
What psi?

26-Dec-22 15
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Pressure and head

26-Dec-22 16
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Pressure and head

26-Dec-22 Relation between Head and Pressure 17

 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Bulk modulus ?

26-Dec-22 18
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Viscosity

26-Dec-22 19
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* Viscosity

26-Dec-22 20
 1.1 Basic terminologies
* What is Flow rate ?

26-Dec-22 21
 1.2 Basic parameters of fluid turbo-machines
* Basic parameters
Technical parameters used to indicate the working capability and chractertistic of
turbomachines: Pressure (P), flow rate (Q), Power (N) and efficiency (η).

i) Head or pressure

Static head Dynamic head

26-Dec-22 22
 1.2 Basic parameters of fluid turbo-machines
* Basic parameters
Technical parameters used to indicate the working capability and chractertistic of
turbomachines: Pressure (P), flow rate (Q), Power (N) and efficiency (η).

ii) Flow rate

Flow rate is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time

26-Dec-22 23
 1.2 Basic parameters of fluid turbo-machines
* Basic parameters
Technical parameters used to indicate the working capability and characteristic of
turbomachines: Pressure (P), flow rate (Q), Power (N) and efficiency (η).

iii) Power
+ Hydraulic power:

+ Power on shaft:
For pump,
For turbine,

iv) Efficiency
Used to evaluate the losses in transferring energy with fluid flow. It depends on
variety of factor: size, composition, working fluid, working mode, and
characteristic, etc.

26-Dec-22 24