1. Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act scares investor from our country.

“What is the
mindset of an indigenous person in Zimbabwe who utters such a statement in light of the empowerment
policy underway in the country? Colonial mindset, lacks self-belief, suffers from dependency syndrome

2. Mutapa state survived and extended influence far and wide for a very long period of time. What main
factor can be attributed for such a feat? Stable economy rooted on agriculture visionary leadership of
rulers such as Nyatsimba Mutota.

3. Zimbabwe is in the process of making a new constitution, in which a referendum will be held to
consummate the process. When was the first referendum held in Zimbabwe during the colonial period?
1922

4. During the cold war period what was Zimbabwe‘s position in international affairs? Member of Non
Aligned group

5. The four pre-colonial states in Zimbabwe exercised and exhibited an elementary form of democracy.
Highlight two aspects from these states which show that democracy is not an alien concept in country.
King had a council of advisors and important officers in these states such as the Tumbare in the Rozvi
acted as checks on the King’s powers.

6. Zimbabwe is a member of COMESA. Identify any two immediate benefits of belonging to such a
group. Access to a Lange market, Gaining leverage in a competitive global economy (free trade
zone) .A drive to promote local industry to be export-led

7. When was the land donor conference held in Zimbabwe? 1998

8. Which amendment to the constitution brought finality to the legality of the reform programme in
Zimbabwe? Amendment number 17

9. The person who advances and ensures that government business is not delayed in parliament is
known as. Leader of the House

10. When was the Global Political Agreement signed?15 September 2008

11. Who is the current secretary general of the United Nations? Ban Ki Moon

12. Who was the first president of Zimbabwe? Canaan Banana

13. Where are the rights and freedom of a citizen enshrined in the constitution of Zimbabwe? Bill of
Rights

14. A world in which global affairs are dominated by one superpower is known as? Unipolar

15. Explain what is meant by the oversight function of Legislature? Holds the executive accountable for
its actions as a check mechanism through the budget and parliamentary portfolio committees

16. What is meant by a private members Bill? As bill introduced in parliament by a backbencher

17. Expiation the functions of the office of the Ombudsman. Takes any complaints against the
government
18. Describe the work of Advocacy Non-Government Organizations. Brings awareness on human right
and topic issues in a society

19. International Relations can best be described by…..3cs Cooperation, Conflict & Competition.

20. The land holdings system in the Mutapa under Portuguese was known as. Prazo system

21. What clause in the Rudd concession gave Rhodes control of Zimbabwe? Granting exclusive land and
mineral rights of the Ndebele state

22. What was the immediate cause of the Anglo-Ndebele war of [Link] incident?

23. The conference which decided the future of Africa in which Africa was not represented is known as.
Berlin Conference

24. Highlight the enduring effects of slave trade. Underdevelopment

25. When was the unity accord signed in Zimbabwe? December 1987.

26. Name the four source of law in Zimbabwe. Roman Dutch Common law, Legislation, Judicial
precedent, Jurists/Legal experts’ writings

27. Which organization is responsible for conducting elections in Zimbabwe? Zimbabwe Election
Commission.(ZEC)

28. What is the purpose of the Judiciary? Interpreting the law

29. The denigration and injury of the personality of another individual is known as. Defamation

30. The presidential elections are held after how many years in Zimbabwe? 6years

31. Who is the Clark of parliament of Zimbabwe? Austin Zvoma

32. The fund in which all government money is collected in is known as. CRF

33. The first battle of second Chimurenga started when and where.1966 Chinhoyi

34. Which ideology was followed by the Zimbabwean government just after independence? Socialism

35. The authority of the house of Assembly is symbolized by. Mace

36. When did the responsible government come to power? 1923

37. Which missionary played a role in deceiving Lobengula into signing the Rudd Concession? Charles
Helm

38. Highlight any one objective of the Third Chimurenga. Empowerment, Reverse colonial injustice,
Claim birth of Zimbabweans

SECTION B

QN1 Four main treaties signed by Lobengula with the Europeans

Grabber treaty 1887, signed between Lobengula and Piet Grobber a Boer representative. In 1887 the
Transvaal government sent its representative Piet Grobler to negotiate a friendship treaty with
Lobengula assuming he was the ruler of all the territories north of the Limpopo. The agreement –known
as the Grobler treaty provided for a Boer Representative to be resident at Bulawayo and Lobengula
would assist the Boers(in the face of British threats)if required to do so.
In response to the treaty, Rhodes influenced the British government to send a representative to
Bulawayo to negotiate a counter treaty.

The Moffat Treaty Feb 1888, signed between John Moffat an agent of Rhodes and [Link] Smith
Moffat representing the British government negotiated and signed the treaty in February
[Link] to this agreement Lobengula was to cancel the Grobler Treaty. He would also not enter
into any agreement with any European power without the consent of British.
The Moffat Treaty was supposed to be a treaty of friendship between Lobengula and the British
government but in fact was the first step in the collapse and subjugation of the Ndebele state.

The Rudd Concession Oct 1888,signed between Rudd an agent of Rhodes and Lobengula Accompanying
Rudd, were two carefully chosen emissaries in the person of Francis Thompson fluent in Nguni languages
and Rotchford Maguire a lawyer, to craft the legal document of the treaty. Agreed and signed in October
1888,it led to the occupation of Zimbabwe by the white settlers through the British South African
Company. Rhodes had formed this commercial company to spear head the occupation of this [Link]
terms of the treaty

The Lippert Concession 1890,signedbetween Lippert a German Businessman and Lobengula .To reverse
the Rudd agreement, Lobengula agranted Edward Lippert a German businessman a concession for a
period of 100 years to mine in Zimbabwe.
Rhodes bought the Lippert Concession and made his positioneven more powerful.

QN2,The factors which led to the outbreak of the first Chimurenga

-loss of land,-loss of cattle,-loss of independence,-forced labour,-taxation,-Use of policemen in
Matebeleland,-abuse of women,-loss of trade with the Portuguese,-influence of religion/spirit
mediums

Qn3,Results of the First Chimurenga

-Africans were defeated =Africans religion was discredited =Spirit mediums like Mbuya Nehanda were
hung and they became the rallying point for the 2nd Chimurenga=BSAC rule was discredited
=Wholesale extension of colonialism

QN4, The colonial regime facilitated the subjugation of Africans and elevation of the Whites in all
spheres of life through legal instruments. Discuss any five oppressive Acts enacted during the colonial
era.
-1894 order in council
-1898 order in council
-1902 private locations ordinance
-1912 land bark Act
-1930 land apportionment Act
-1934 industrial Conciliation Act
-1969 land tenure Act
QN5,Articulate the role played by the following officials in parliament
i)Speaker
-Regulates the House of Assembly
-Perform functions in accordance with the provisions of standing orders and his/her decisions in
constitution =Is the final interpreter of the provisions of standing order and his/her decisions in
parliamentary matters are final =His/Her ruling may eventually constitute precedents by which
subsequent presiding officer:Members and officer of parliament will be guided.

ii)Sergeant at Arms
-Chief advisor to the presiding officers and members of parliament,on law practice and procedure of
parliament.
-Presides over the election of presiding officers
-Authenticates Bills before they are sent to the head of state for assent
-Has custody of the journals of the house
-Undertakes publication and distribution of Bills, Hansard, motions and questions
-Controls staff of parliament under the direction of the presiding officers
-Overall administration and servicing of Parliament fall within his jurisdiction

iii) Leader of the House

-He is a government minister appointed by the state president?
-He arranges the business of the House in collaboration with the business of the committee
-Advocates Government business
-He is there to protect and advance Government business in the House

iv)Clack of Parliament
-Responsible for carrying out ceremonial duties in the House, like carrying the Mace before the presiding
officer.
-Assists in organizing the ceremonial opening of the parliament
-Performs housekeeping duties for the whole Parliament-Prepares teas and lunch to members of the
House
-Escorts members who will have been ejected from the House at the direction of a presiding officer

QN6 Functions of the 3 arms of state in a democratic society

To curb abuse of power in a democratic society, there are three equal and complimentary arms of the
state namely, Executive, Legislature and Judiciary which are the basis of separation of powers. Need to
explain the theory of separation of powers.
EXECUTIVE
The state President the Prime Minister and the cabinet constitute the executive arm of the state.
Its responsibility is to govern the country.
Its main functions are policy formulation and implementation.
Executive has administrative structure composed of department and ministries

LEGISLATURE
Parliament is the legislative arm of the state.
In Zimbabwe there is bicameral system, i.e. we have House of assembly and the Senate.
The legislation makes laws.
It is tasked with making new laws, to reject redundant laws and reform existing ones.
JUDICIARY
The judiciary or the court system has its primary function that is to interpret laws, pronounce what is law
and apply law, passed by parliament and proposed by executive.

QN7 Define Foreign Aid

Foreign Aid is help, mostly economic, which may be provide to communities or countries in the event of
a humanitarian crisis or to achieve a socioeconomic objective. Humanitarian Aid is therefore primarily
used for emergency relief, while Developmental Aid aims to create long-term sustainable economic
growth. Wealthier countries typically provide aid to economically developing countries.
–Aid might be Bilateral given by one governmental to another country e.g. through government agencies
such as USAID, Multilateral where aid is given from the government of a country to an international
agency, such as the World Bank, IMF or European Development Fund, and Non-governmental
Organizations (NGOS)such as Action Aid, Care International etc. Many non-profit charitable organizations
solicit donations from the public to support their work aid organizations may provide both humanitarian
and developmental aid.

b)Examine the role which Foreign Aid has played in the “development” of third world countries
Advantages of foreign Aid
-it’s a source of international money transfer
-it’s a vehicle for development, eg project aid given for a specific purpose such as building materials for
new school, or Programmed Aid which is given for a specific sector e.g funding of the education sector of
a country
-can be a source balance of payment support eg Budget Support which is a form of programme aid that
is directly channeled into the financial system of a recipient country.
–Can bring relief in times of distress, for example food aid is given to countries in need of food supplies,
especially if they have just experienced a manual disaster