Scribd
Upload
18 views2 pages

Human Reproduction Notes

The document provides an overview of the human reproductive system, detailing the male and female reproductive organs, gametogenesis, and the menstrual cycle. It also covers fertilization, implantation, pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation processes. Key hormones involved in these processes, such as testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, hCG, prolactin, and oxytocin, are highlighted.

Uploaded by

sali914676
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views2 pages

Human Reproduction Notes

The document provides an overview of the human reproductive system, detailing the male and female reproductive organs, gametogenesis, and the menstrual cycle. It also covers fertilization, implantation, pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation processes. Key hormones involved in these processes, such as testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, hCG, prolactin, and oxytocin, are highlighted.

Uploaded by

sali914676
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Human Reproduction - Exam Notes

1. Male Reproductive System

- Testes (in scrotum): Produce sperms and testosterone.

- Seminiferous tubules: Site of spermatogenesis.

- - Sertoli cells - Nourish sperms.

- - Leydig cells - Secrete testosterone.

- Duct system: Rete testis -> Vasa efferentia -> Epididymis -> Vas deferens -> Ejaculatory duct ->

Urethra.

- Glands:

- - Seminal vesicle: Fructose, prostaglandins.

- - Prostate gland: Alkaline secretion.

- - Bulbourethral gland: Lubrication.

- Semen = Sperms + secretions from all glands.

2. Female Reproductive System

- Ovaries: Produce ova, estrogen, and progesterone.

- Oviducts (Fallopian tubes): Infundibulum -> Ampulla (fertilization site) -> Isthmus -> Uterus.

- Uterus: Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium.

- Vagina: Birth canal and copulatory organ.

- External genitalia: Vulva.

3. Gametogenesis

- Spermatogenesis: Starts at puberty in seminiferous tubules.

- - Spermatogonia -> Spermatids -> Sperms (haploid).

- Oogenesis: Begins before birth, completes after fertilization.

- - Primary oocyte remains arrested till puberty.

- - Secondary oocyte is released during ovulation.


4. Menstrual Cycle (28 days)

- Menstrual Phase (Day 1-5): Shedding of endometrium.

- Follicular Phase (6-13): Follicle develops; estrogen increases.

- Ovulation (Day 14): LH surge -> Ovum released.

- Luteal Phase (15-28): Corpus luteum forms, secretes progesterone.

5. Fertilization and Implantation

- Fertilization: Takes place in ampulla.

- Zygote -> Morula -> Blastocyst.

- Implantation: Blastocyst embeds in endometrium (~6-7 days post-fertilization).

6. Pregnancy and Embryonic Development

- hCG hormone: Maintains corpus luteum.

- Placenta: Exchange of gases, nutrients, waste; secretes hormones.

- Embryo development: Heartbeat starts ~5th week, limbs by 8th week.

7. Parturition (Childbirth)

- Triggered by oxytocin and uterine contractions.

- Relaxin hormone helps in pelvic relaxation.

8. Lactation

- Prolactin: Milk production.

- Oxytocin: Milk ejection.

You might also like