REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Bicol University – East Campus

College of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
E-Mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.bicol-u.edu.ph/

Name: SARION, Bea Trisha Loise S. Date: February 4, 2023

Year and Block: BSEE 1-B Requirement: Coursework 2

1. Rewrite the following numbers in scientific notation, in simplest form. Include units. Use appropriate significant figures.
a. Altitude of summit of Mt. Ka’ala (highest point on O’ahu): 4020 ft = 4.02 × 103 ft
b. Altitude of summit of Mauna Kea: 13,796 ft = 1.3796 × 104 ft
c. Thickness of a human hair: 0.015 cm = 1.5 × 10-2 cm
d. Wavelength of reddish light: 0.0000007 m = 7 × 10-7 m
e. Height of your instructor: 1.80 m = 1.80 x 100 m
f. Number of galaxies in the universe: 1 trillion galaxies = 1 × 1012 galaxies
g. Age of the universe in seconds: 430,000,000,000,000,000 s = 4.3 × 1017 s
h. Volume of a hydrogen atom: 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 621 cm3 = 6.21 × 10-25 cm3

2. Calculate the following, and write your answer to each in scientific notation. Try to do (a)–(i) first without the aid of your
calculator, then check your answers by redoing them with your calculator. Assume that parts (a)–(h) contain exact
numbers with infinite precision; for parts (i)–(n), express only the appropriate number of significant figures in your final
answer. [Note that (b), (c), (g), (l), and (m) contain division signs, not plus signs.]
a. 1010 × 104 = 10(10+4) = 1014
b. 1010 ÷ 104 = 10(10-4) = 106
c. 1010 ÷ 10-4 = 10(10- -4) = 1014
d. 1010 + 104 = 1.000001 × 1010
e. 1010 – 104 = 9.99999 × 109
f. (2 × 105) × (3 × 1012) = (2 × 3) × (105 × 1012) = 6 × 1017
g. (3.5 × 1017) ÷ (7 × 108) = (3.5 ÷ 7) × (1017 ÷ 108) = 0.5 × 10(17 - 8) = 0.5 × 109 = 5 × 108
h. h.107 − (3×106) = (10 × 106) – (3 × 106) = (10 – 3) × 106 = 7 × 106
i. (42.3 × 10-5) + (5.77 × 10-4) = 1.000 × 10-3
j. (34.9 × 106) × (212 × 10-15) = 7.40 × 10-6
k. (0.88 × 10-3) × (6.3 × 10-10) = 5.5 × 10-13
l. (9.876 × 1035) ÷ (5.4321 × 10-13) = 1.818 × 1048
m. mass of Earth ÷ mass of Moon = (5.974×1027 g) ÷ (7.348×1025 g) = 81.30 (or 8.130 x 101)
n. mass of Earth – mass of Moon = (5.974×1027 g) − (7.348×1025 g) = 5.901 × 1027 g

3. Insert the correct metric prefix abbreviations (be careful to distinguish upper case from lower case):
10-2 m = 1 cm (centimeter) 109 y = 1 Gy (gigayear) 103 W = 1 kW (kilowatt)
10-3 m = 1 mm (millimeter) 106 W = 1 MW (megawatt) 10-6 s = 1 μs (microsecond)
10-9 m = 1 nm (nanometer) 103 g = 1 kg (kilogram) 109 bytes = 1 GB (gigabyte)
106 Hz = 1 MHz (megahertz) 10-12 s = 1 ps (picosecond) 1012 bytes = 1 TB (terabyte)

4. Match each of the following length units to the distance that it is best or most frequently used to describe:
A. Size of an ant E 0.1 nm = 1 Å
B. Size of a person F 100 nm = 1000 Å
C. Distances between neighboring stars D 100 µm
D. Diameter of human hair A 1 mm
E. Size of an atom B 100 cm = 1 m
F. Size of viruses and small bacteria H 1 km
G. Distances within our Solar System G 108 km
H. Distances around Oahu C 103 km
5. How many significant figures are represented in each of the following numbers?
a. 579.420 =6 f. 5.60 × 1048 =3
b. 3.14159265 =9 g. 243 =3
c. 2 × 1011 =1 h. 9.0000 × 10-9 =5
d. 50 =2 i. 0.00000030 =2
e. 3800 =2 j. 8 =1

6. Unit Conversions
a. Starting with your age in years, calculate your age in days. (Not need to be exact: forget about leap days, etc.)
• Solution: My Age: (19 years) × (365 days / 1 yr) = 6,935 days
b. Approximately how many days long is your total life expectancy?
• Solution: Assuming a 90-year life expectancy: (90 years) × (365 days / 1 yr) = 32,850 days

7. Use your weight in pounds (while standing on the surface of the Earth) to calculate your mass in kilograms and in grams.
(1 kg weighs approx. 2.205 lb on the surface of the Earth) This is a useful thing to know, since almost every other
country in the world uses kilograms.
• Solution: My weight in pounds: (143 lb) × (1 kg / 2.205 lb) = 64.85 kg

8. Unit Conversions
a. Convert the speed 1.0000 m/s [meter/second] to mi/h [miles/hour], expressing your answer to 5 significant
figures. (Useful info: 1 mile = 5280 feet exactly, and 1 inch = 2.54 cm exactly.)
• Solution:
𝒎 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎 𝟏 𝒎𝒊 𝟏 𝒇𝒕 𝟏 𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟔𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒊
𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 ×( )×( ) ×( )×( )×( )= = 2.2369 mi/h
𝒔 𝟏 𝒉𝒓 𝟏𝒎 𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝒇𝒕 𝟏𝟐 𝒊𝒏 𝟐.𝟓𝟒 𝒄𝒎 𝟏𝟔𝟎,𝟗𝟑𝟒.𝟒 𝒉𝒓

b. Perform the following unit conversions:

1.5 TB = 1500 GB or 1.5 × 103 GB

1000 GB
Solution: 1.5 TB × ( ) = 1,500 GB
1 TB

1.5 TB = 1,500,000 MB or 1.5 × 106 MB

1000 GB 1000 MB
Solution: 1.5 TB × ( )×( ) = 1,500,000 MB
1 TB 1 GB

1.5 TB = 1.5 × 109 kB

1000 GB 1000 MB 1000 kB
Solution: 1.5 TB × ( )×( ) ×( )= 1,500,000,000 kB
1 TB 1 GB 1 MB

1.5 TB = 1.5 × 1012 B

1000 GB 1000 MB 1000 kB 1000 B
Solution: 1.5 TB × ( )×( ) ×( )× ( )= = 1,500,000,000,000 B
1 TB 1 GB 1 MB 1 kB

45 µg = 0.045 mg or 4.5 × 10-2 mg

0.000001 𝑔 1 𝑚𝑔
Solution: 45 µg × ( )×( ) = 0.045 mg
1 µg 0.001 𝑔

45 µg = 45,000 ng or 4.5 × 104 ng

0.000001 𝑔 1 𝑛𝑔
Solution: 45 µg × ( )×( ) = 45,000 ng
1 µg 0.000000001 𝑔

45 µg = 4.5 × 10-8 kg
0.000001 𝑔 1 𝑘𝑔
Solution: 45 µg × ( )×( ) = 0.000000045 kg
1 µg 1000 𝑔
550 nm = 5.5 × 10-10 km
0.000000001 𝑚 1 𝑘𝑚
Solution: 550 nm × ( )×( ) = 0.00000000055 km
1 nm 1000 𝑚

6328 Å = 632.8 nm
0.0000000001 𝑚 1 𝑛𝑚
Solution: 6328 Å × ( )×( ) = 632.8 nm
1Å 0.000000001 𝑚

15 ps = 0.015 ns or 1.5 × 10-2 ns

0.000000000001 𝑠 1 𝑛𝑠
Solution: 15 ps × ( )×( ) = 0.015 ns
1 𝑝𝑠 0.000000001 𝑠

15 ps = 1.5 × 10-5 µs
0.000000000001 𝑠 1 µ𝑠
Solution: 15 ps × ( )×( ) = 0.000015 µs
1 𝑝𝑠 0.000001 𝑠

15 ps = 1.5 × 10-8 ms
0.000000000001 𝑠 1 𝑚𝑠
Solution: 15 ps × ( )×( ) = 0.000000015 ms
1 𝑝𝑠 0.001 𝑠

14 Gy = 4.4 × 1017 s
1,000,000,000 𝑦𝑟 12 𝑚𝑜𝑠 30 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 24 ℎ𝑟𝑠 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 𝑠
Solution: 14 Gy × ( )×( )×( )×( )×( )×( ) =
1 Gy 1 𝑦𝑟 1 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 1 ℎ𝑟 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
4.35456000000000000 s or 4.4 × 1017 s

1 km2 = 1,000,000 m2 or 106 m2

1,000,000 𝑚²
Solution: 1 km2 × ( ) = 1,000,000 m2
1 km²

1 m2 = 10,000 cm2 or 104 cm2

10,000,000,000 𝑐𝑚²
Solution: 1 m2 × ( ) = 10,000 cm2
1,000,000 m²

1 km2 = 1012 mm2

1,000,000 𝑚² 1,000,000 𝑚𝑚²
Solution: 1 km2 × ( )×( ) = 1,000,000,000,000 mm2
1 𝑘m² 1 m²

1 m3 = 1,000,000 cm3 or 106 cm3

1,000,000 𝑐𝑚³
Solution: 1 m3 × ( ) = 1,000,000 cm³
1 𝑚³

1 m3 = 1,000,000,000 mm3 or 109 mm3

1,000,000 𝑐𝑚³ 1,000 𝑚𝑚³
Solution: 1 m3 × ( )×( ) = 1,000,000,000 mm³
1 m³ 1 cm³

200 cm3 = 200 mL

1 𝑚𝐿
Solution: 200 cm3 × ( ) = 200 mL
1 𝑐𝑚³

1 km3 = 1,000,000,000,000 L or 1012 L

1,000,000,000 𝑚³ 1,000,000 𝑐𝑚³ 1 𝑚𝐿 1𝐿
Solution: 1 km3 × ( )×( )×( )×( ) = 1,000,000,000,000 L
1 𝑘m³ 1 m³ 1 𝑐m³ 1000 𝑚𝐿

1.000 atm = 1013.25 mbar

1013.25 𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟
Solution: 1.000 𝑎𝑡𝑚 × ( ) = 1013.25 mbar
1 atm
 100 km/h = 27.8 m/s
5
𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
Solution: 100 𝑘𝑚/ℎ × ( 18 ) = 27.8 m/s
1 km/h

1 kg·m/s = 100,000 g·cm/s or 105 g·cm/s

100,000 g·cm/s
Solution: 1 kg · m/s × ( ) = 100,000 𝑔 · 𝑐𝑚/𝑠
1 kg·m/s

9.80 kg·m2/s2 = 98,000,000 g·cm2/s2 or 9.80 × 107 g·cm2/s2

10,000,000 g·cm²/s²
Solution: 9.80 kg·m2/s2 × ( ) = 98,000,000 𝑔 · 𝑐𝑚²/𝑠²
1 kg·m²/s²

330 g·cm2 = 3.3 × 10-5 kg·m2

0.0000001 𝑘g·m²
Solution: 330 g·cm2 × ( ) = 0.000033 kg·m2
1 g·cm²

9. Is each of the following statements a testable scientific hypothesis, or not?

a. Light travels slower in glass than in air.
Answer: Yes, because a test to determine the relative speeds of light in different media could be designed.
b. Love is more important than knowledge.
Answer: No, because this is a subjective viewpoint.
c. All objects fall 4.9 meters during the first second after release in a vacuum.
Answer: Yes, because if measurements prove this to be untrue, the claim may be made up since it is testable..
d. The universe is filled with tiny particles called hypotons, which have no mass, no charge, and no known form
of interaction with ordinary matter.
Answer: No, not until a method for detecting the presence of the hypotons is found.
e. Vanilla tastes better than chocolate.
Answer: No, because this is a subjective viewpoint.
f. The majority of Americans prefer vanilla to chocolate.
Answer: Yes. A survey can be conducted to verify or refute the statement.
g. All human actions and choices are predestined.
Answer: No. The statement cannot be refuted by any test that could be conducted.

10. Imagine that you are living long ago, and you are having a discussion about the shape of the world with your colleagues.
Devise a simple test that you could perform to test (either support or disprove) one of the following hypotheses:
a1. The surface of the Earth is an infinite flat plane, or
a2. The surface of the Earth is (nearly) spherical.
Answer: To discern the Earth's shape, observe how a ship disappears over the horizon. If Earth were a flat
plane, the entire ship would diminish uniformly in size but remain visible until too distant. Conversely, if Earth
is nearly spherical, the ship appears to sink bottom first, with the mast visible last. This phenomenon, readily
observable from any shoreline, supports the spherical Earth hypothesis, as it demonstrates the ship being
obscured progressively by the Earth's curvature, an occurrence inconsistent with a flat Earth.

For a bigger challenge: similarly devise a test for each of the following two scientific hypotheses. (Thought question: How do
we even know today, with modern technology, that they are true?)
b. The Earth spins.
Answer: To test if the Earth spins, use a swinging pendulum. If the Earth were still, the pendulum would swing
in the same direction always. But, if the Earth spins, the direction of the swing changes over time. This change
happens because the Earth moves beneath the pendulum. Watching this shift in swing direction proves the
Earth is spinning, all without fancy equipment.
 c. The Earth orbits the Sun, and not the other way around.
Answer: To see if the Earth orbits the Sun, watch the stars at the same time every night for a few months.
You'll notice the stars change with the seasons. This happens because as the Earth moves around the Sun,
we get to see different parts of the sky. If the Sun moved around the Earth instead, the stars wouldn't change
much throughout the year. This simple star-watching shows us the Earth is the one moving, making its way
around the Sun.