Review UNIT 7.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Complex sentences with adverb clauses of time (Câu phức chứa mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Câu phức bao gồm một mệnh đề độc lập (mệnh đề chính) và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc:
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ là mệnh đề phụ thuộc
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian diễn tả thời điểm xảy ra sự việc nào đó và thường chứa các liên từ nối thời gian
đứng trước như: when (khi, vào lúc), while, as (trong khi), until / till (cho đến khi), as soon as, once (ngay
khi), before, by the time (trước khi), after (sau khi), as long as, so long as (chừng nào, miễn là), since (từ khi)
…
Example: I won’t leave until my friend arrives.
- Hai vế mệnh đề có thể hoán đổi vị trí cho nhau. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối
câu. Nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đứng ở đầu câu sẽ ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
- Khi chia động từ, cần lưu ý mối liên hệ về thời giữa 2 vế mệnh đề. Thông thường 2 vế sẽ chia cùng thời gian:
quá khứ - quá khứ; hiện tại - hiện tại; hiện tại - tương lai
Exercise 1. Decide whether the following sentence is a Simple sentence (SS), a Compound sentence (C) or
a Complex sentence (CS).
1. _____ You should wait here until she comes back.
2. _____ Protecting the environment must be the job of everyone in the community.
3. _____ The contamination of lakes, rivers, oceans or underwater causes water pollution.
4. _____ Water pollution has negative effects on the environment and humans, so it’s a matter of concern
nowadays.
5. _____ Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct.
6. _____ If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
7. _____ Villagers called the forest guard unit as soon as they saw the bushfire.
8. _____ The polluted water results in the death of many aquatic animals and plants.
9. _____ I had dinner, and I did my homework yesterday.
10. _____ There are national parks all over the world.
Exercise 2. Write IC if the underlined clause is an independent clause or DC if it is a dependent clause.
1. _____ What were you doing when I phoned?
2. _____ You should brush your teeth after you have a meal.
3. _____ As soon as I arrive, I will send you a message.
4. _____ Before I came home, I had bought some food.
5. _____ You shouldn’t go out until it stops raining.
6. _____ After Jane has done the housework, she will go out.
7. _____ Linh is cooking while we are watching TV.
8. _____ When there is a red light, we must stop.
9. _____ I used to go fishing on Sundays when I was ten.
10. The light went out while we were having dinner.
Exercise 3. Fill in the blank with a suitable time connector.
as soon as
until x2 x2 while x2
before after when x2
1. __________ I got home, I prepared dinner.
2. They won’t leave __________ they meet the manager.
3. We will travel to Da Nang __________ we have finished the project.
4. My dad was playing chess __________ my mother was knitting.
5. Make sure you turn off the tap __________ you brush your teeth.
6. __________ I leave Viet Nam for Canada, I will visit my relatives.
7. __________ he was a child, he used to play badminton every Saturday.
8. They called the police __________ the accident happened.
9. Can you help me clean the floor __________ I am washing the dishes?
10. The baby won’t sleep __________ her mother comes back home.
Exercise 4. Match the clauses in the two columns to form complex sentences and write full sentences.
A B
1. When he came to my house, A. before she goes home.
2. After I had had dinner, B. the electricity went out.
3.1 will call you C. they were walking downtown.
4. While we were watching TV, D. I was not at home.
5. She will pick her children up E. when they work in the field.
6. We will play golf F. as soon as I arrive at the airport.
7. You have to show your ticket G. I usually listen to music.
8. Farmers usually wear conical hats H. I went to the cinema.
9. When I’m sad, I. when you get on the train.
10. As they found the watch, J. until it gets dark.
Exercise 5. Put the conjunction in brackets into its correct position.
1. A serious road accident happened. We were waiting for the bus yesterday. (while)
2. I had to get the mop. I spilled my juice. (since)
3. He fell down the ladder. His leg was broken. (and)
4. We had picked up trash. We left the campsite. (before)
5. It started raining. They were putting up the tent. (when)
6. I get my parents’ permission. I will go out with my friends. (after)
7. The weather was bad. We were on holiday last month. (when)
8. I will call my mom. I get the result. (as soon as)
9. It rains. My father usually drives me to school. (when)
10. Jack can’t play games. He finishes his homework. (before)
Exercise 6. Choose the correct answers.
1. The train arrived while/as soon as Elie was having lunch.
2. Because/Although the water is very cold in January, they go swimming anyway.
3. My father goes jogging every morning before/after he gets ready for work.
4. I learned a lot about wildlife until / after I visited Cue Phuong National Park yesterday.
5. You should wait here when /until your parents come back.
6. After /Before the party, there was a lot of food left.
7. My sister was sleeping when/while I was studying for the test last night.
8. As soon as/While I left home for school, It rained heavily.
9. I usually drink a glass of warm milk until / before I go to bed.
10. Who takes care of the baby when/after your mother is away?
Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. The air and water quality (get) __________ worse and worse.
2. We can even (reduce) _____________ our carbon footprint in our homes.
3. Try to avoid (use) _____________ single-use products.
4. People can volunteer at some local environment programmes (save) _________ endangered species.
5. Should we (recycle) _____________ unused products?
6. Forests help (release) _____________ oxygen.
7. I (not be) __ at school yesterday because I (have) ______ the flu.
8. As soon as my parents arrive home, we (have) _____________ dinner.
9. Don’t forget (turn) _____________ off the lights before you (go) _____________ out.
10. More than 1 billion people (participate) _____________ in Earth Day activities every year.
Exercise 8. Complete sentences with a suitable preposition.
1. The first Earth Day started _______ 1970 ______ America.
2. Picking ______ litter makes our environment clean.
3. National parks play a key role ______ saving the environment.
4. What type of effect does water pollution have _____ our life?
5. Forests provide a habitat ______ hundreds of species ______ plants and animals.
6. Endangered animals in the wild are facing a high risk ______ extinction.
7. After cleaning _____ everything _____ the campsite, we left.
8. We shouldn’t cut ______ too many trees.
9. Avoid dumping waste ______ lakes and rivers!
10. Remember to turn __ devices when you are not using them.
