NAMED REACTIONS
[Link] NAMED REACTION EXPLAIN
1 DIAZOTIZATION REACTION Conversion of aromatic
primary amines into
diazonium salts using
nitrous acid and HCl at 0–
5°C.
2 SANDMEYERS REACTION Replacement of diazonium
group with halogen or CN
using Cu(I) salts.
3 GATTERMAN REACTION Introduction of formyl
group into benzene using
CO, HCl, and AlCl₃ or CuCl.
4 SWART'S REACTION Fluorination of alkyl halides
using antimony trifluoride
(SbF₃).
5 FINKELSTEIN REACTION Halogen exchange of alkyl
halides using sodium halide
in acetone.
6 DOW’ REACTION Conversion of
chlorobenzene to phenol
using NaOH at high
temperature and pressure.
7 FRIEDEL-CRAFTS Introduction of an alkyl
ALKYLATION group into an aromatic ring
using alkyl halides and a
Lewis acid.
8 FRIEDEL-CRAFTS Introduction of an acyl
ACYLATION group into an aromatic ring
using acyl halides and a
Lewis acid.
9 WURTZ REACTION Coupling of two alkyl
halides in presence of
sodium metal to form
alkanes.
10 WURTZ FITTIG REACTION Coupling of aryl and alkyl
halides using sodium metal
in dry ether.
11 FITTIG REACTION Coupling of two aryl halides
using sodium metal in dry
ether to form biaryl
compounds.
12 REIMER-TIEMANN Formylation of phenol using
REACTION chloroform and aqueous
NaOH to form
salicylaldehyde.
13 KOLBE’S REACTION Carboxylation of phenol
using CO₂ in the presence of
NaOH to form salicylic acid.
14 ROSENMUND REDUCTION Reduction of acid chlorides
to aldehydes using
hydrogen and Pd/BaSO₄.
15 STEPHEN REACTION Conversion of nitriles to
aldehydes using SnCl₂ and
HCl followed by hydrolysis.
16 ETARD REACTION Oxidation of methyl group
in aromatic rings to
aldehyde using chromyl
chloride.
17 GENTLEMAN KOCH Hydroformylation of
REACTION alkenes with CO and H₂ to
give aldehydes.
18 CLEMMENSEN REDUCTION Reduction of carbonyl
compounds to alkanes using
zinc amalgam and HCl.
19 WOLFF KISHNER Reduction of carbonyl
REDUCTION compounds to alkanes using
hydrazine and base.
20 TOLLEN’S TEST Test for aldehydes; forms a
silver mirror with Tollen's
reagent.
21 FEHLING’S TEST Test for aldehydes; forms a
red precipitate of Cu₂O with
Fehling’s solution.
22 IODOFORM REACTION Test for methyl ketones;
yellow precipitate of
iodoform is formed.
23 ALDOL CONDENSATION Formation of β-hydroxy
aldehydes or ketones from
enolate ions and carbonyl
compounds.
24 CROSS ALDOL Aldol condensation
CONDENSATION between two different
carbonyl compounds.
25 CANNIZZARO REACTION Disproportionation of non-
enolizable aldehydes into
alcohol and carboxylic acid
salt.
26 HELL-VOLHARD-ZELINSKY Alpha halogenation of
(HVZ) REACTION carboxylic acids using
halogen and red
phosphorus.
27 GABRIEL PHTHALIMIDE Synthesis of primary
SYNTHESIS amines using potassium
phthalimide and alkyl
halides.
28 HOFFMANN BROMAMIDE Conversion of amides to
DEGRADATION REACTION amines with loss of one
carbon using Br₂ and NaOH.
29 CARBYLAMINE REACTION Formation of isocyanides
from primary amines,
chloroform, and alcoholic
KOH.
30 HINSBERG’S TEST Test to distinguish between
primary, secondary, and
tertiary amines using
benzenesulfonyl chloride.
31 COUPLING REACTIONS Reaction of diazonium salts
with phenols or amines to
form azo dyes.
32 DARZEN'S REACTION Synthesis of α,β-epoxy
esters (glycidic esters) from
aldehydes/ketones and α-
halo esters in base.
