ENERGY RESOURCES Resources is the general term referring to

any item which is used for specific

How are cars moved? purpose.

A car moves by converting the potential Renewable Resources

chemical energy of gasoline into kinetic
 Replenished by natural processes
energy at the wheels. This is done by a
 The energy resources than can be
process of burning gasoline, which
used repeatedly or never runs out
produces an expansion of gas and
because it is naturally replaced.
exhaust of waste gases.
 Paul Alfred defined renewable
Electricity-Driven resources as: “The total range of
living organisms providing man with
Petroleum is one of the main energy life”.
sources at present. Transportation  As the human population continues
account for about 25% of the energy r=to grow and finite resources
used worldwide, as well as 14% of the become increasingly scarce, the
global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. demand for the renewable
In an effort to decrease GHG emissions resources increases.
and dependence to oil, Ateneo de Manila
E-Jeep, making it the first educational
institution in the country to introduce an
in-campus electricity jeepney shuttle
transport system.

Energy Resources

About 13.8 Gya at the time of the big

bang, there was only pure energy from
which the universe as it now existed.
That energy is also the same energy that
Non-renewable Resources
drives Earth and its subsystems today.
 Resources for which there is a
The law of conservation of energy states
limited supply: resources that can be
that energy can neither be created nor
used up, such as oil, coal, and
destroyed; it can only be transformed
natural gas.
from one form to another.
 Example: We should not rely heavily
Energy is simply defined as the capacity on non-renewable resources
to do work. because these resources can be run
out.
Non -Renewable Energy Resources: How
do dead things power our lives?
Given the right conditions, energy stored
in specific types of organisms is
converted into fossil fuels.

Fossil Fuel

A hydrocarbon deposit, such as

petroleum, coal, or natural gas, derived ADVANTAGES
from the accumulated remains of ancient
plants and animals and used as fuel. The •Coal is one of the most abundant
age of the organisms and their resulting sources of energy, more so than oil and
fossil fuels is typically millions of years, natural gas
and sometimes exceeds 650 million
years. Fossil fuels contain high •Coal is inexpensive when compared to
percentages of carbon and include other fossil fuels.
petroleum, coal, and natural gas. •Coal is versatile enough to be use for
All contain carbon and were formed as a recreational activities such as BBQ’s or
result of geologic processes acting on the simply for home fires
remains of organic matter produced by •Burning coal can produce useful by-
photosynthesis, a process that began in products that can be used for other
the Archean Eon (4.0 billion to 2.5 billion industries or products
years ago).
PETROLEUM AND GAS
Coal
Petroleum, also called crude od, in a
A fossil fuel which was formed in the fossil fuel, tike coal and natural gas,
Cartioniferous period millions years ags petroleum was formed from the remains
when the earth was covered with oceans, of ancient marine organisms, oms, such
swamps, trees and planm When plants as plants, algae, and hacteria. Over
and bees died they formed a layer of millions of years of intense heat and
peat, which over time became buried by pressure, these organic remains (fossi)
more and more layers of clay, sand, anil transformed into carbon-rich substances
rock we rely on as raw materials for fuel and a
Coal mining and the subsequent burning wide variety of products.
of coal can have marty bad effects on Natural gas is a fossil energy source that
both humans and the environment. formed deep beneath the earth's surface.
Examples of this include waste products Natural gas contains many different
and rain, contaminated water, poisonous compounds. The largest component of
emissions, high levels of carmon droxide natural gas is methane, a compound with
and increased risks of lung cancer for coal one carbon atom and four hydrogen
plant workers. atoms (CH4). Natural gas also contains
Coal is converted to electricity by being smaller amounts of natural gas liquids
burned in a fumace with a boiler. The (NGL, which are also hydrocarbon gas
boiler water is heated until it becomes liquids), and nonhydrocarbon gases, such
stanam, with the steam then spanning as carbon dioxide and water vapor. We
turbines and generators to create the use natural gas as a fuel and to make
electricity. materials and chemicals.
Fun Facts about Natural Gas atoms take on the process of nuclear
fusion. Hydrogen atoms are fused
 Natural gas is odorless, colorless, together to make helium, which then
flammable and non-toxic radiates off kinetic energy.
 Natural gas was first discovered
when lighting strikes ignited gas that Fission
was seeing from the ground in the
middle east between 5000 and 2000 Nuclear energy takes on a process called
BC. in 1626, natural gas was found in fission. The process of fission produces
America when French explorers steam, this steam then goes into a
discovered Native turbine to create electricity, The
 Americans igniting gases that were electricity generated by fission is the
seeping out of Lake Ene production for 1/5 of the United States.
 A man-made volcano erupts in front Nuclear fission is used to conduct both
of the MGM Mirage Hotel in Las heat and electricity. Power plants
Vegas every hour on the hour in the powered by nuclear energy generates 14
evenings and it is fueled with pina percent of the world's electricity
colada-scented natural gas. Fusion

Nuclear fusion happens in the center of

stars when hydrogen atoms are fused
together into helium atoms and create
light and energy. The stars and sun's
atoms are positively charged allowing the
nucle to fuse together.

Atoms with positive charges sometimes

Fossil Fuels and the Carbon Cycle repel against each other. But the stars
temperature make the atoms move fast
Carbon moves from fossil fuels to the so they can fuse together.
atmosphere when fuels are burned.
When humans burn fossil fuels to power Types
factories, power plants, cars and trucks, There are many examples of nuclear
most of the carbon quickly enters the energy. These examples include power
atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas. Each plants. A power plant is the clearest
year, five and a half billion tons of carbon visual example of nuclear energy
is released by burning fossil fuels. available. "There are over four hundred
NUCLEAR ENERGY power plants worldwide, which function
off of nuclear reactors." (Michael
Nuclear energy is a form of potential Zimesnick) These power plants generates
energy that is stored in the nuclei of heat, this heat is then used to make
atoms. The energy stored inside, holds electricity. Other examples of nuclear
the nucleus together. Nuclear energy energy include cancer treatment, nuclear
transforms into kinetic energy by submarines, and nuclear weapons.
completing a process called fission.
Fission is the splitting of uranium which
releases a large amount of energy. The ADVANTAGES
sun is filled with hydrogen atoms, these
1. Lower Green Gas Emission Geothermal energy is power produced
2. Powerful and Efficient through the conversion of geothermal
3. Reliable steam or water to electricity that can be
4. Cheap Electricity used by consumers. Because this source
5. Low Fuel Cost of electricity doesn’t rely on
6. Supply nonrenewable resources like coal or
7. Easy Transportation petroleum, it can continue to provide a
more sustainable source of energy into
DISADVANTAGES the future. While there are some
1. Radioactive Waste negative impacts, the process of
2. Nuclear Accidents harnessing geothermal energy results in
3. Nuclear Radiation less environmental degradation than
4. High Cost other traditional power sources.
5. National Risk How do we get it?
6. Impact on Aquatic Life
7. Major Impact on Human Life We get geothermal energy by pumping
8. Fuel Availability old water into the earth using pipes.
9. Non renewable Then the magma heats the water into
steam and hot water. The steam and hot
Bataan Nuclear Power water rises to the earths surface because
 completed but never fanied of how hot it is. The pipe just makes a
 Philippines only attempt additing path for the steam and hot water and
 now being promoted by its parents keeps it going in one direction. The steam
the Mutant Corporation, as a new then, will be used to generate heat and
exatourom electricity for humans to use.

The Bataan Nuclear Power fant is a ADVANTAGE

rudear power plant, completed but never Putting a gemexchange system In a
fueled, on the Bataan l'eninsula, 100 typical home in equal in greenhouse gas
kilometers (62 m) west of Manila, eduction to planting an acre of the trees.
Philippines. It is located on 2.57 km² (138
sq mi) government reservaibo at Napol One advantage is that there will always
Point in Morting, Bataan be heat in the earth's interior unless
there is no earth anymore. Meaning,
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Power Plant geothermal energy is unlimited and
 world's largest rated nuclear power cheap to get trenewable energy).
station Another advantage is after the steam and
 with seven reactors generating hot water is used, we can pump it back
8,212MW into the earth's interior to be used again.
 can provide electricity to 16 million But, one major advantage of using
households. geothermal energy is that geothermal
energy s clean This means that using
geothermal energy, unlike fossil fuels,
don't pollute the air or create
greenhouse gases. That way, we won't
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY harm the atmosphere and make the
earth hotter
DISADVANTAGES total geothermal potential of the
country.
Some disadvantages are that there are
not that many places on earth where
magma comes close to the earths
surface. Elsewhere, very deep wells
would be needed to tap this energy.
Drilling deep wells are pretty expensive
Another disadvantage is that geothermal
power plants make the land near it
unstable Like in January 1997, building a
geothermal power plant in Switzerland TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL POWERPLANTS
triggered an earthquake with a
magnitude of 34 on the Richter scale a. Flash Power Plant
Geothermally heated water under
Renewable or Nonrenewable, and why? pressure is separated in a surface
A renewable energy is when we won't vessel (called a steam separator)
run out of that energy for a long time. A into steam and hot water (called
nonrenewable energy is when it takes a "brine" in the accompanying image).
long time to produce that energy and The steam is delivered to the
eventually we will run out of it, like fossil turbine, and the turbine powers a
fuels. Geothermal is a renewable energy generator. The liquid is injected back
source. It is a renewable energy because into the reservoir.
heat is always being made inside the b. Dry Steam Power Plant
earth We will never run out of heat under Steam is produced directly from the
the earth, unless the earth dies. This way, geothermal reservoir to run the
we will always have steam made from the turbines that power the generator,
magma heating the water sent down and no separation is necessary
because wells only produce steam.
Geothermal Conditions The image below is a more
simplified version of the process.
1. Magma c. Binary Power Plant
2. Ground water Recent advances in geothermal
3. Reservoir Rock technology hove made possible the
4. Cap Rock economic production of electricity
5. Heat Temperature from geothermal resources lower
History Geothermal in Philippines than 150°C (302°F ), known as
binary geothermal plants. the
 1970s-oil and gas crisis-> renewable facilities that make this possible
energy reduce geothermal energy's already
 16 December 2008 - Law on low emission rate to zero. Binary
Renewable Energy plants typically use an Organic
 2013-29% use of renewable energy Rankine Cycle system. The
and 14% is Geothermal energy geothermal water (called
 since 2011, the Philippines has 'geothermal fluid in the
successfully utilized more than 1,000 accompanying image) heats another
Giga Watt or about 14.4% of the liquid, such as isobutane or other
organic fluids such as
 pentafluoropropane, which hosts at Hydroelectric Energy
a lower temperature than water, the
two liquids are kept completely  Hydroelectricity is electrical energy
separate through the use of a heat that is generated from: Water
exchanger, which transfers the heat  Stored or moving through
energy from the geothermal water reservoirs, flowing rivers, streams,
to the working flunk. The secondary waterfalls etc.
fluid expands into gaseous vapor.  It falls from a height (gravitational
The force of the expanding vapor potential energy) and is channelled
like stream, turns the turbines that through turbines in order to spin
power the generators. All of the them and generate electrical
produced geothermal water in electricity.
injected bock into the reservoir. How does hydroelectric power work?
d. Flash/Binary Combined Cycle
This type of plant, which uses a Water is needed to run a hydroelectric
combination of flash and binary power-generating unit. Hydro power
technology, has been used plants capture the energy of falling water
effectively to take advantage of the to generate electricity. The water is held
benefits of both technologies. In this behind a dam, forming an artificial lake,
type of plant, the portion of the or reservoir. The force of the water being
geothermal water which "flashes" to released from the reservoir through the
steam under reduced pressure is dam spins the blades of a giant turbine.
first converted to electricity with a The turbine is connected to the generator
backpressure steam turbine and the that makes electricity as it spins. A
low-pressure steam exiting the turbine converts the kinetic energy of
backpressure turbine is condensed falling water into mechanical energy.
in a binary system. After passing through the turbine, the
water flows back into the river on the
Geothermal Power In The Philippines other side of the dam.
The Geothermal Education Office and a ADVANTAGE
1980 article titled "The Philippines
geothermal success story" by Rudolph J.  Renewable as long as water is not
Birsic published in the journal overdrawn from river system
Geothermal Energy note the remarkable  Clean: no greenhouse gas emissions
geothermal resources of the Philippines.
During the World Geothermal Congress DISADVANTAGE
2000 held in Beppu, Oita Prefecture of  Dams cause numerous disruptive
Japan held from May to June 2000, it was ecological effects to riparian
reported that the Philippines is the environments
largest consumer of electricity from  Dams bring a mix of impacts for
geothermal sources and highlighted the people
potential role of geothermal energy in
providing energy needs for developing
countries.
WIND ENERGY
Geothermal power plant in Valencia,
Negros Oriental, Philippines  Wind energy is a form of solar
energy. It is the use of wind to
 provide mechanical power through Facts About Wind Energy
wind turbines to turn electric
generators for electrical power. 1. Wind mills have been in use since
Wind power is a popular 2000 B.C.
sustainable, renewable energy 2. The first modern wind turbine was
source that has a much smaller built in the 1940’s in Vermont, USA
impact on the environment 3. The largest wind turbine in the
compared to burning fossil fuels. world is in Hawaii, USA
 It is also called “wind power” 4. Wind energy is mostly harnessed by
 Wind energy, or wind power, is wind turbines
created using a wind turbine, a 5. The average onshore wind turbine
device that channels the power of can power more than 1,500 average
the wind to generate electricity. EU households
 It is believed that Professor James 6. Wind power is unique for the fact
Blyth was the one who discovered that it does not use any water
this in 1887. 7. The largest turbines can harness
 A year later, wind energy made it to energy to power 600 UK homes
the United States as Ohio inventor 8. A small turbine in the back yard can
Charles Brush created a wind easily power a small business or a
turbine to provide electricity for his home.
mansion. Since then, we have been 9. Smaller wind turbines can be used
developing wind turbines, both to charge batteries or as backup
onshore and offshore, which has power
created an energy source that is 10. The wind energy industry is growing
much safer and environmentally exponentially
friendly than its predecessors. 11. The most installed capacity of wind
energy is in Germany, followed by
Wind Farms In The Philippines Spain
12. Wind energy is the fastest growing
 Bangui Wind Farm mode of electricity production
 Caparispisan Wind Farm across the planet
 San Lorenzo Wind Farm 13. Albert Betz (1885-1968) was a
 Nabas Wind Farm German physicist and the pioneer of
 Wind Energy Power System wind turbine technology
 Pililla Wind Farm
SOLAR ENERGY
Wind Duration & Wind Strength In
Philippines Solar energy is a radiation from the sun
capable of producing heat, causing
ADVANTAGE chemical reactions, or generating
 Renewable & clean source of energy electricities.
 Low operating costs How Solar Energy Converted Into
 Efficient use of land space Electricity
DISADVANTAGE The initial shap to convert solar energy in
 Intermittent electricity is to install Photovoltaic (PV)
 Noise and visual pollution cells or octar cells Photovitan means light
 Some adverse environmental impact arid olectricity. These colls met ther's
energy and cominfo electricity. These energy while minimizing the loss of heat
solar colls are made of meals that she the suroundings.
photovoltais effect, moaning when the
sons sike the Photovoltaic cet, the Line Focus Collectors
photors of light spook the winctrons These collectors, sometimes known as
inside the call tappening them to start parabolic troughs, use highly reflective
flowing, ultimately producing electricity. materials to collect and concentrate the
What is Solar collectors? heat energy from solar radiation These
collectors are composed of perabolically
Solar collector is a device that coluch shaped infective soctions connected into
andier concentrates solar radiatiori front a long through.
the Sun. These denices une primarity
used for active solar heating and allow Point Focus Collectors
for the heating of water for personal use These collectors are large parabole dishes
These collectors are grinerally counted on composed of some reflective malenal
the roof and must be very sturdy as they that focus the Sun's energy onto e single
are exposed to a variety conditions point
offerent weather.
ADVANTAGES
Type of Solar Collectors
 Renewable Energy Source
 Flat Plate Collectors  Reduces Electricity Bills
 Evacuated Tube  Low Maintenance Costs
 Collectors
 Line Focus Collectors DISADVANTAGES
 Point Focus Collectors
 Weather-Dependent
Flat Plate Collectors  Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive
 Uses a Lot of Space
These collectors are simply metal boxes
that have some sort of transparent BIOMASS ENERGY (Bio-Energy)
glazing as a cover on top of a dark-
colored absorber plate. The sides and  Biomass in renewable organic
bottom of the collector are usually material that comes from plants and
covered with insulation to minimize heat animals. Biomass consists of all form
losses to other parts of the collector. of animal and plant organic matters
Solar radiation passes through the wood/dead plants, animal remains,
transparent glazing material and hits the leaves, living plants, vegetable oils,
absorber plate. wastes from agricultural, residential
and industrial sources and so on.
 Biomass is different from fossil fuels,
even though they are both from
Evacuated Tube Collectors plant and animal matters. While
This type of solar collector uses a series scientist believe that fossil fuels
of evacuated tubes to heal water for use. come from matters that have
These tubes utilize a vacuum, or undergone numerous changes over
evacuated space, to capture the suns several millions of years, biomass
originates from recently dead of
living plant and animals
Where did Bio-Energy come from?  Solid Bio-fuels include wood,
sawdust, garbage, animal remains
 Biomass energy of Bio-energy (or etc. The chemical energy in the plant
energy from biomass) is derived can be released as heat when the
originally from the Sun. Plants use wood from a dead plant is burned or
light from the Sun during their when the living plant in converted to
feeding process called useable energy
photosynthesis. Living plants store  Liquid Bio-fuels- The common Liquid
considerable amounts of chemical Bio-fuels are Ethanol and methanol
energy during photosynthesis. The which are highly flammable alcohol.
process takes place in the presence Another alcohol type gaining
of sunlight, therefore it can be recognition is butanol. They can be
concluded that the original source of made from direct sugar plants starch
biomass energy is solar. crops and plants' cellulose, a fibre-
 Energy stored from the process can like substance that present in plant
be transformed to other forms of cells. Another common liquid
energy for home heating, cooking or biofuel is biodiesel While ethanol or
for providing electricity at a later butanol are considered the
date as required. Both living plants alternatives to gasoline fuel,
and recently dead plants can be biodiesel is the alternative to the
used to provide bio-energy. Some petroleum diesel fuel.
plants are planted specifically for  Gaseous Bio-fuel-also called as
the purpose of deriving biomass biogas. Biogas consists mainly of
energy from them. methane and carbon dioxide. It is
Is Bio-Energy environmentally friendly? high flammable and is produced
through the anaerobic (without
Bio-energy is considered environment oxygen) decomposition of organic
friendly because biomass fuels do not materials from plants and animals
release as much pollutants and
Greenhouse gases (GHG) to the ADVANTAGE
environment. Some biomass fuels (eg  Biomass is always and widely
garbage, saw dust and wood produce available as a renewable source of
smoke during burning and therefore energy
need to be bunt in a controlled fashion to  It is carbon neutral
prevent release of pollutants to the  It reduces the overreliance of fossil
atmosphere. Moreover, biomass fuels.
extraction without regular replacement  Is less expensive than fossil fuels.
can create imbalance in the carbon cycle.  Biomass production adds a revenue
For instance, if wood is constantly source for manufacturers
obtained from the forest by cutting down  Less garbage in landfills
trees without immediate planting of new 
trees, the forest ceases to provide the
needed sink that reduces CO2 DISADVANTAGES
concentration from the environment.
 Biomass energy is not as efficient as
Forms of Biomass Energy/Fuels fossil fuels. Some biofuels, like
Ethanol, is relatively inefficient as
compared to gasoline.
 It is not entirely clean.
 Cun lead to deforestation.
 Biomass plants require a lot of
space.