MINN2016A
Engineering Surveying
Example 1
Given:
Point Co-ordinates
Y (m) X (m)
[A] 430.659 143.556
[B] 172.268 191.406
[M] 294.678 553.630
The following angles were observed @ point, L (i.e.
deduced from field observations)
Horizontal angle A-L-M = 145º00’00”
Horizontal angle A-L-B = 85º00’00”
Horizontal angle M-L-B = 130º00’00”
Calculate the co-ordinates of point [L] (Hint: Draw a circle through A, B and L)
• Draw a circle through A, B and L;
• Draw a straight line through M and L to intersect a point on the circle at Q.
• Calculate angles a and b
a = 180° - 145°00’00” = 35°00’00”
b = 180° - 130°00’00” = 50°00’00”
• Substitute these angles into triangle ABQ
Y (m) X (m)
A→B A= 430.659 143.556
B= 172.268 191.406
-258.391 47.850 (B-A)
Direction A→B = atan -258.391 = atan -5.400020899 = -79°30’31”
47.850
-Y,X therefore in quadrant IV so add 360° = 280°29’29” = Direction A→B
Direction B→A = 100°29’29”
Distance A→B = √(258.391² + 47.850²)
= 262.784m
Calculate directions to Q from A and B
Direction A→Q = Direction A→B – angle BAQ (b)
= 280°29’29” - 50°00’00”
= 230°29’29”
Direction Q→A = 50°29’29”
Direction B→Q = Direction B→A + angle ABQ (a)
= 100°29’29” + 35°00’00”
= 135°29’29”
Direction Q→B = 315°29’29”
And calculate the angle at Q, i.e. AQB
Angle at Q = 180° - (50°00’00” + 35°00’00”)
= 95°00’00”
Using the Sine Rule calculate the distances A→Q and B→Q
A→Q
262.784 = Distance A→Q
sin95°00’00” sin35°00’00”
Therefore
262.784 x sin35°00’00” = Distance A→Q
sin95°00’00”
Distance A→Q = 151.302m
B→Q
262.784 = Distance B→Q
sin95°00’00” sin50°00’00”
Therefore
262.784 x sin50°00’00” = Distance B→Q
sin95°00’00”
Distance B→Q = 202.073m
Calculate the coordinates of Q
Q from A Q from B
Y (m) X (m) Y (m) X (m)
A= 430.659 143.556 B= 172.268 191.406
A→Q Direction = 230°29’29” Distance = 151.302m B→Q Direction = 135°29’29” Distance = 202.073m
YQ = YA + (151.302 x sin230°29’29”) YQ = YB + (202.073 x sin135°29’29”)
YQ = 430.659 + (151.302 x -0.771528977) YQ = 172.268 + (202.073 x 0.701016452)
YQ = 430.659 + -116.734 YQ = 172.268 + 141.656
YQ = 313.925m YQ = 313.924m
XQ = XA + (151.302 x cos230°29’29”) XQ = XB + (202.073 x cos135°29’29”)
XQ = 143.556 + (151.302 x -0.636194182) XQ = 191.406 + (202.073 x -0.713145100)
XQ = 143.556 + -96.257 XQ = 191.406 + -144.107
XQ = 47.299m XQ = 47.299m
Y (m) X (m)
Mean coordinates of Q = 313.925 47.299
Calculate the direction Q→M
Y (m) X (m)
Q→M Q= 313.925 47.299
M = 294.678553.630
-19.247 506.331(M-Q)
Direction Q→M = atan -19.247 = atan -0.038012683 = -2°10’37”
506.331
-Y,X therefore in quadrant IV so add 360° = 357°49’23”
Calculate angles c and d
c = 357°49’23” - 315°29’29” = 42°19’54”
d = (360° - 357°49’23”) + 50°29’29” = 52°40’06”
Calculate directions from A and B to L
Direction A→L = Direction A→B + angle BAL (c)
= 280°29’29” + 42°19’54”
= 322°49’23”
Direction B→L = Direction B→A - angle ABL (d)
= 100°29’29” - 52°40’06”
= 47°49’23”
Using the Sine Rule calculate the distances A→L and B→L
A→L
262.784 = Distance A→L
sin85°00’00” sin52°40’06”
Therefore
262.784 x sin52°40’06” = Distance A→L
sin85°00’00”
Distance A→L = 209.748m
B→L
262.784 = Distance B→L
sin85°00’00” sin42°19’54”
Therefore
262.784 x sin42°19’54” = Distance B→L
sin85°00’00”
Distance B→L = 177.640m
Calculate the coordinates of Q
L from A L from B
Y (m) X (m) Y (m) X (m)
A= 430.659 143.556 B= 172.268 191.406
A→L Direction = 322°49’23” Distance = 209.748m B→L Direction = 47°49’23” Distance = 177.640m
YL = YA + (209.748 x sin322°49’23”) YL = YB + (177.640 x sin47°49’23”)
YL = 430.659 + (209.748 x -0.604278546) YL = 172.268 + (177.640 x 0.741074834)
YL = 430.659 + -126.746 YL = 172.268 + 131.645
YL = 303.913m YL = 303.913m
XL = XA + (209.748 x cos322°49’23”) XL = XB + (177.640 x cos47°49’23”)
XL = 143.556 + (209.748 x 0.796773141) XL = 191.406 + (177.640 x 0.671422439)
XL = 143.556 + 167.122 XL = 191.406 + 119.271
XL = 310.678m XL = 310.677m
Y (m) X (m)
Mean coordinates of L = 303.913 310.678
END
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