R D Sharma Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 -
Trigonometric Ratios
By definition,
sin θ = Perpendicular/ Hypotenuse….(2)
On Comparing eq. (1) and (2), we get;
Perpendicular = √3 and Hypotenuse = 2
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in Δ ABC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
Putting the value of perpendicular (BC) and hypotenuse (AC) and get the base (AB), we get;
22 = AB2 + (√3)2
AB2 = 22 – (√3)2
AB2 = 4 – 3
AB2 = 1
AB = 1
Thus, Base = 1
By definition,
cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse
∴ cos θ = 1/2
And, cosec θ = 1/sin θ
Or cosec θ= Hypotenuse/Perpendicualar
∴ cosec θ =2/√3
And, sec θ = Hypotenuse/Base
∴ sec θ = 2/1
And, tan θ = Perpendicula/Base
∴ tan θ = √3/1
And, cot θ = Base/Perpendicular
∴ cot θ = 1/√3
(vii) cos θ = 7/25
Solution:
We have, cos θ = 7/25 ……….. (1)
By definition,
cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse
On Comparing eq. (1) and (2), we get;
Base = 7 and Hypotenuse = 25
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in Δ ABC
AC2= AB2 + BC2
Putting the value of base (AB) and hypotenuse (AC) to get the perpendicular (BC)
252 = 72 +BC2
BC2 = 252 – 72
BC2 = 625 – 49
BC2 = 576
BC= √576
BC= 24
R D Sharma Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 -
Trigonometric Ratios
Hence, Perpendicular side = 24
By definition,
sin θ = perpendicular/Hypotenuse
∴ sin θ = 24/25
Since, cosec θ = 1/sin θ
Also, cosec θ= Hypotenuse/Perpendicualar
∴ cosec θ = 25/24
Since, sec θ = 1/cosec θ
Also, sec θ = Hypotenuse/Base
∴ sec θ = 25/7
Since, tan θ = Perpendicular/Base
∴ tan θ = 24/7
Now, cot = 1/tan θ
So, cot θ = Base/Perpendicular
∴ cot θ = 7/24
(viii) tan θ = 8/15
Solution:
We have, tan θ = 8/15 …………. (1)
By definition,
tan θ = Perpendicular/Base …. (2)
On Comparing eq. (1) and (2), we get;
Base = 15 and Perpendicular = 8
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in Δ ABC
AC2 = 152 + 82
AC2 = 225 + 64
AC2 = 289
AC = √289
AC = 17
Hence, Hypotenuse = 17
By definition,
Since, sin θ = perpendicular/Hypotenuse
∴ sin θ = 8/17
Since, cosec θ = 1/sin θ
Also, cosec θ = Hypotenuse/Perpendicualar
∴ cosec θ = 17/8
Since, cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse
∴ cos θ = 15/17
Since, sec θ = 1/cos θ
Also, sec θ = Hypotenuse/Base
∴ sec θ = 17/15
Since, cot θ = 1/tan θ
R D Sharma Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 -
Trigonometric Ratios
Also, cot θ = Base/Perpendicular
∴ cot θ = 15/8
(ix) cot θ = 12/5
Solution:
We have, cot θ = 12/5 …………. (1)
By definition,
cot θ = 1/tan θ
cot θ = Base/Perpendicular ……. (2)
On Comparing eq. (1) and (2), we have
Base = 12 and Perpendicular side = 5
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in Δ ABC
AC2= AB2 + BC2
Putting the value of base (AB) and perpendicular (BC) to get the hypotenuse (AC);
AC2 = 122 + 52
AC2= 144 + 25
AC2 = 169
AC = √169
AC = 13
Hence, Hypotenuse = 13
By definition,
Since, sin θ = perpendicular/Hypotenuse
∴ sin θ= 5/13
Since, cosec θ = 1/sin θ
Also, cosec θ= Hypotenuse/Perpendicualar
∴ cosec θ = 13/5
Since, cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse
∴ cos θ = 12/13
Since, sec θ = 1/cosθ
Also, sec θ = Hypotenuse/Base
∴ sec θ = 13/12
Since, tanθ = 1/cot θ
Also, tan θ = Perpendicular/Base
∴ tan θ = 5/12
(x) sec θ = 13/5
Solution:
We have, sec θ = 13/5…….… (1)
By definition,
sec θ = Hypotenuse/Base…………. (2)
On Comparing eq. (1) and (2), we get
Base = 5 and Hypotenuse = 13
R D Sharma Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 -
Trigonometric Ratios
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in Δ ABC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
And. putting the value of base side (AB) and hypotenuse (AC) to get the perpendicular side (BC)
132 = 52 + BC2
BC2 = 132 – 52
BC2=169 – 25
BC2= 144
BC= √144
BC = 12
Hence, Perpendicular = 12
By definition,
Since, sin θ = perpendicular/Hypotenuse
∴ sin θ= 12/13
Since, cosec θ= 1/ sin θ
Also, cosec θ= Hypotenuse/Perpendicualar
∴ cosec θ = 13/12
Since, cos θ= 1/sec θ
Also, cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse
∴ cos θ = 5/13
Since, tan θ = Perpendicular/Base
∴ tan θ = 12/5
Since, cot θ = 1/tan θ
Also, cot θ = Base/Perpendicular
∴ cot θ = 5/12
(xi) cosec θ = √10
Solution:
We have, cosec θ = √10/1 ……..… (1)
By definition,
cosec θ = Hypotenuse/ Perpendicualar …….….(2)
And, cosecθ = 1/sin θ
On comparing eq.(1) and(2), we get
Perpendicular side = 1 and Hypotenuse = √10
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in Δ ABC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
Putting the value of perpendicular (BC) and hypotenuse (AC) to get the base side (AB)
(√10)2 = AB2 + 12
AB2= (√10)2 – 12
AB2= 10 – 1
AB = √9
AB = 3
So, Base side = 3
R D Sharma Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 -
Trigonometric Ratios
By definition,
Since, sin θ = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse
∴ sin θ = 1/√10
Since, cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse
∴ cos θ = 3/√10
Since, sec θ = 1/cos θ
Also, sec θ = Hypotenuse/Base
∴ sec θ = √10/3
Since, tan θ = Perpendicular/Base
∴ tan θ = 1/3
Since, cot θ = 1/tan θ
∴ cot θ = 3/1
(xii) cos θ =12/15
Solution:
We have; cos θ = 12/15 ………. (1)
By definition,
cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse……… (2)
By comparing eq. (1) and (2), we get;
Base =12 and Hypotenuse = 15
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in Δ ABC, we get
AC2 = AB2+ BC2
Putting the value of base (AB) and hypotenuse (AC) to get the perpendicular (BC);
152 = 122 + BC2
BC2 = 152 – 122
BC2 = 225 – 144
BC 2= 81
BC = √81
BC = 9
So, Perpendicular = 9
By definition,
Since, sin θ = perpendicular/Hypotenuse
∴ sin θ = 9/15 = 3/5
Since, cosec θ = 1/sin θ
Also, cosec θ = Hypotenuse/Perpendicualar
∴ cosec θ= 15/9 = 5/3
Since, sec θ = 1/cos θ
Also, sec θ = Hypotenuse/Base
∴ sec θ = 15/12 = 5/4
Since, tan θ = Perpendicular/Base
∴ tan θ = 9/12 = 3/4
Since, cot θ = 1/tan θ
Also, cot θ = Base/Perpendicular
R D Sharma Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 -
Trigonometric Ratios
∴ cot θ = 12/9 = 4/3
2. In a △ ABC, right angled at B, AB = 24 cm , BC = 7 cm. Determine
(i) sin A , cos A (ii) sin C, cos C
Solution:
(i) Given: In △ABC, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7cm and ∠ABC = 90o
To find: sin A, cos A
By using Pythagoras theorem in △ABC we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AC2 = 242 + 72
AC2 = 576 + 49
AC2= 625
AC = √625
AC= 25
Hence, Hypotenuse = 25
By definition,
sin A = Perpendicular side opposite to angle A/ Hypotenuse
sin A = BC/ AC
sin A = 7/ 25
And,
cos A = Base side adjacent to angle A/Hypotenuse
cos A = AB/ AC
cos A = 24/ 25
(ii) Given: In △ABC , AB = 24 cm and BC = 7cm and ∠ABC = 90o
To find: sin C, cos C
By using Pythagoras theorem in △ABC we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AC2 = 242 + 72
AC2 = 576 + 49
AC2= 625
