SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
Curriculum of
POSTGRAGUATE DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
(PG-DMLT)
JUNE-2024
These regulations shall be called as “The Revised Regulations for the postgraduate diploma in
medical laboratory technology programme under the Faculty of Medical Sciences”. They shall
come into effect from the Academic Year 2024-25.
RDMLT-1:
A Candidate for admission to the Postgraduate Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology
(PG-DMLT) must have passed the B.Sc. Degree Examination of the any UGC recognized
University with Medical Laboratory Technology (or Medical Technology in Clinical
Laboratory Technology)/Microbiology/ Bio-Chemistry/Zoology/Botany/Chemistry/Bio-
Technology/Environment Science/Genetics/Bioinformatics/B. Sc. (Home Science) (Food and
Nutrition)/B.Sc. (Home Science), B.Sc. Nursing, B.Sc. (Food Technology) or B. Sc (Industrial
Microbiology) (Vocational) as principal subject or an examination of any other university
recognized as equivalent.
RDMLT-2: The course of study for the Postgraduate Diploma in Medical Laboratory
Technology shall be a full time course and its duration shall be of one academic year.
RDMLT-3: A candidate who has passed an equivalent examining body and is seeking
admission to the Institute recognised by this University shall not be admitted without producing
on eligibility certificate from the Sardar Patel University.
RDMLT-4: To become eligible to appear in the final examination conducted by Sardar Patel
University - a) a candidate has to keep one year at the Institute recognised for teaching the
course of studies in Medical Laboratory Technology by the university. b) A candidate has to
keep the minimum attendance of 75% in Theory and Practical’s separately. c) A candidate has
to obtained at least 40% marks in each subject in the internal tests conducted by the Institute.
RDMLT-5: A candidate desirous of appearing at the Examination for the Postgraduate
Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology must forward his application in the prescribed
form accompanied by a Certificate of attendance to the Registrar through the Head of the
institute on or before the date prescribed for the purpose under the ordinance/s.
RDMLT-6: For the purpose of deciding final result at this examination, the ratio between the
internal assessment and final University examination shall be 20:80 for both theory & practical.
The internal assessment is done based on continuous evaluation including two internal test,
seminar, quiz and attendance.
RDMLT-7: The final examination for the Postgraduate Diploma in Medical Laboratory
Technology shall be held at the end of the academic year in the month of May. Re-examination
for failed students will be carried on Oct/Nov month. One internal and one external examiner
should jointly conduct practical/ oral examination for each student.
pg. 1
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
RDMLT-8: The Postgraduate Diploma Medical Laboratory Technology shall not be conferred
upon a candidate unless he/she has passed in all the subject of the theory examination and the
practicals in accordance with the provisions of relevant regulations.
RDMLT-9: STANDARD OF PASSING
(A) To pass the Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology Examination, a candidate
must obtain at least 45% marks in each paper/practical/oral at the University
Examination as also in the total of the internal assessment and the University
Examination.
(B) AWARD OF CLASS:
1. The successful candidates who obtain at least 50% or more but less than 60% marks
in the total of internal assessment & the University examination will be place in
Second Class.
2. The successful candidates who obtain at least 60% or more but less than 70% marks
in the total of Internal assessment & the University examination will be place in
First Class.
3. The successful candidates who obtain at least 70% or more marks in the total of
internal assessment & the University examination will be declared to have passed
the examination in First Class with Distinction.
4. University rank Certificate or University Gold medal will be declared and awarded
based on only External Theory and Practicals Marks.
RDMLT-10: Credit assignment
Theory and Laboratory Courses
Theory courses consist of lecture (L) and /or tutorial (T) hours, and Practical (P) courses consist
of hours spent in the laboratory/Clinical lab/Community/demonstration. Credits (C) for a
course are determined by multiplying the number of hours of instruction per week by a factor
of one (1) for lecture and tutorial hours and a factor of half (1/2) for practical
(laboratory/clinical/community) hours. Thus, a theoretical course with three lectures and one
tutorial each week during the first and second carries four credits. Similarly, a practical with
four laboratory hours per week throughout the semester is worth two credits.
pg. 2
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
PROGRAMME STRCTURE
Post-graduate Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology
Programme 1. Perform routine clinical laboratory procedures within acceptable quality
control parameters in haematology, immunohematology, biochemistry,
Outcome (PO)
cytology, histology and microbiology.
2. They will be able to function efficiently, confidently and safely in clinical
laboratory settings including hospital environments and able to follow ethical
practice associated with medical lab technology.
3. Apply problem solving techniques in identification and correction of
procedural errors, instrument malfunctions and verifying the accuracy of
laboratory results.
4. Interpret laboratory test data for clinical significance.
5. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of protocols and management
principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team
Programme 1. Knowledge: Medical Laboratory Technology is a one year Post Graduate
Diploma course in which the technicians are given the basic knowledge of
Specific
diagnostic technique and prognosis of various clinical conditions. These
Outcome technicians serve to offer the assistance to doctors in diagnosis of various
(PSO) – clinical conditions.
2. Skill: Demonstrate practical skill in narrow range of medical laboratory
technology applications.
3. Research attitude: Students will be able to apply practical skills as a laboratory
technologist and have updated knowledge of research trends in health care.
pg. 3
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
The subject of examination for the Diploma Medical Laboratory Technology will be as under.
DMLT-Examination System and Marks distribution: Theory and Practical
PG-DMLT
Duration of Component of
Course Theory
Name of Course Examinatio Marks Total
Code /Practical
n (hours) External Internal
PM01DM Clinical Biochemistry 3 hours Theory 80 20 100
LT101
Medical 3 hours Theory 80 20 100
PM01DM
Microbiology &
LT102
Immunology
PM01DM Clinical Pathology & 3 hours Theory 80 20 100
LT103 Histopathology
Haematology, Blood 3 hours Theory 80 20 100
PM01DM Banking &
LT104 Laboratory
Management
Practicals of 3 hours Practical
Biochemistry
PM01DM Practicals of 3 hours Practical
240 60 300
LT105 Microbiology
Practicals of 3 hours Practical
Pathology
TOTAL 560 140 700
pg. 4
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
Course Code PM01DMLT101
Title of Subject Clinical Total Hours/Week 04
Biochemistry
Course 1. Discuss the fundamental biochemistry knowledge related to health
Objectives 2. This subject gives information about various clinically important
enzymes, biomolecules
3. Diagnosis of clinical disorders by estimating biomarkers
4. Determine various substances including substrates, enzymes,
hormones, etc. and their use in diagnosis and monitoring of disease
are applied
5. Student able to understand working of instruments used in clinical
biochemistry
Course
Content
Unit Description Weig
htage
1 Preparation of solutions : Percent solution, Molar solution, Normal 12%
Solution and Buffer Solution, pH indicators, pH measurement
Carbohydrate: Function, Classification, Optical activity of sugars,
Epimers, Mutarotation, chemistry and properties and biomedical
importance of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
Regulation of water: Distribution and regulatory mechanism of water
balance
2 Amino Acids: Structure, Structural and Nutritional Classification, 12%
Physical and chemical properties, Color reactions of amino acids and
proteins.
Protein: Structural organization of protein (Primary, Secondary and
Tertiary structure), Classification, Colour reaction of proteins,
Classification and clinical significance of proteins, Precipitation
method of proteins, methods for quantitative measurement of protein,
3 Enzyme: Characteristics, IUB system of enzyme classification, Co- 13%
enzyme, Specificity of Enzyme, Mode of action of Enzyme, Kinetics
Parameter, Factors affecting Enzyme activity, Enzyme Inhibition
(Reversible, Irreversible, Suicide, Feedback, Allosteric), Enzyme
profile in diseases (Diagnostic use of Enzyme), Isoenzyme and its
clinical importance, Enzymes as Therapeutic Agents
Minerals and Vitamins: Biochemical importance Calcium,
Phosphorous, Iron, Medical importance of A, D, E, K, B12, Folic acid
& Vitamin C.
4 Lipid: Classification of lipids and Fatty Acid, Essentials fatty acid, 13%
Triacylglycerol and its Chemical properties, structure and biomedical
importance of phospholipids and Cholesterol, chemistry and functions
of prostaglandins
Nucleic acid: Purine Bases, Pyrimidine Bases, Formation of
nucleosides, Nucleotide, Basic structure of DNA and RNA, Types of
RNA
pg. 5
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
Free radicals : Generation of ROS, Role of GSH and various
antioxidative enzyme (SOD, CAT, GPx) system in protecting cell
5 Major Pathway of carbohydrate metabolism and its disorder: 12%
Glycolysis, TCA, HMP shunt, gluconeogenesis, Hormonal regulation
of blood sugar, Diabetes mellitus: Classification, Laboratory
Investigations in diabetes, Clinical aspect of diabetic complication,
Glycated Haemoglobin, GTT, Lactose Intolerance, glycogen storage
disorder
Nucleic acid metabolic disorder: Gout, Xanthinuria
6 Protein metabolism and its disorder: Transamination, Deamination, 12%
Urea cycle and its regulation, Disorders of Urea Cycle, Phenyl
ketonuria, Alkaptonuria, Cystinuria, Albinism, Maple syrup urine
disease, Dopamine and Parkinson’s disease
Metabolism of Lipoproteins and its disorder: Chylomicron, VLDL,
LDL, HDL, Atherosclerosis, Ketosis, Fatty liver, Method for
measurement of Lipid Profile
7 Organ Function Test: Liver function test, Renal function test, 13%
Thyroid function test, Pancreatic Function Tests, Cardiac Profile test,
Gastric Function Tests, Oncogenic Markers or Tumour Markers and
its diagnostic method
Haemoglobin: Types of Hb and its clinical significance, Synthesis and
breakdown of Heme, Bilirubin, Types of Jaundice and its lab.
diagnosis, Abnormal Hb and haemoglobinopathies (Thalassaemias,
Sickle Cell Disease)
TUMOR & CANCER MARKERS: Carcinogens, Various clinically
important Tumour Markers
8 Biomedical Instrumentation: types of photometry–colorimetry, 13%
spectrophotometry, Serum Electrophoresis,
Chromatography, immune-chromatographic assays, Auto analyzers
and Chemiluminiscent analyzers, Electrolyte analyser, ELISA,
Protein Blot
Advanced Molecular Techniques in diagnosis: Isolation of DNA
and RNA, PCR and RT-PCR, Real time PCR, basics of DNA
Sequencing method.
Reference Book
• Text book of Medical Biochemistry by Chaterjee & Shinde, PublisherJPB
• Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Harold Varley, Publisher CBS
• Nelson DL and Cox MM. (2008). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Ed., W.H.
Freeman and Company
• Vasudevan & Shreekumar : Biochemistry for Medical students
• Harper’s Biochemistry
• Satyanarayan, U. Chakrapani, Biochemistry, 3rd edition, Books & Allied Pvt Ltd
Kolkatta.
pg. 6
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
Course Code PM01DMLT102
Title of Subject Medical Total Hours/Week 04
Microbiology and
Immunology
Course 1. Students will gain knowledge about the different types of
Objectives microorganisms and their significance.
2. Students will be able to correlate disease symptoms with causative
agent, isolate and identify pathogens.
3. They will gain knowledge of mechanism of action of antimicrobial
drugs and prophylaxis.
4. The students will learn how to analyse various clinical patients’
samples, for estimation of different components which are the
cause of the immune disease or are the diagnostic/prognostic
markers.
5. This subject gives information about various clinically important
cells of immune system, lymphoid organs, antigen (Ag), antibody
(ab), Ag-Ab reactions, transplant immunology etc. & automation
techniques.
Course
Content
Unit Description Weig
htage
1 Morphology of bacteria – size, shape and arrangement of bacterial 12%
cell – cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, flagella, fimbriae and pili,
cytoplasmic matrix, nucleoid, cytoplasmic inclusions
Isolation and Culture of Bacteria: Growth media- Natural, synthetic
and semi synthetic media. Selective, Enrichment, and Differential
media Pure culture techniques – dilution plating, Streak-plate, Spread-
plate, Pour-Plate and micromanipulator. Preservation of microbial
cultures - sub culturing, lyophilisation, sand cultures, storage at low
temperature
2 MICROSCOPY: Definition, Importance of microscopy, principle, 12%
operation and applications of light microscope, phase contrast
microscopy, Dark field microscope, fluorescence microscopy
Sterilization and Disinfection: Introduction to Sterilization &
Disinfection; Definition of Sterilization, Disinfection; Physical &
Chemical methods to destroy or reduce microbes; Physical methods-
Sunlight, Drying, Heat, Filtration, Radiation; Chemical methods- Use
of Alcohols, Aldehydes, Dyes, Halogens, phenols, Gases, Surface-
Active agents, Metallic salts.
3 Staining of Bacteria: Definition of Bacterial Staining; Principle & 13%
purpose of staining; Types of microbiological stain: Basic stains,
Acidic stains, Neutral stains; Types of staining methods: Simple
staining method, Differential staining method, Spore staining method,
Capsule staining method; Principle & procedure of Gram stain &
ZiehlNeelsen stain
pg. 7
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
Biochemical Identification of Bacteria: Brief introduction to
biochemical test to identify bacteria; Principle, procedure, result
interpretation and application of Catalase, Oxidase, Coagulase, Indole,
Citrate, Urease, Triple sugar iron
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test: Introduction & use of antibiotic
sensitivity test; Role of antibiotic sensitivity test
4 Normal flora of human body. General attributes and virulence 13%
factors of bacteria causing infections – invasiveness and toxigenicity.
Pathogens, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis,
epidemiology, chemotherapy and prevention of diseases caused by–
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, C. diphtheriae, Cl. tetani, Cl.
botulinam, B.pertussis, M. tuberculosis, N. gonorrheae, S. typhi, V.
cholera , S. dysentriae, T. pallidum. Y. pestis, Leptospira interrogans.
5 Introduction to parasitology, Host–parasite relationship, mechanism 13%
of pathogenesis, transmission and life cycle of the Protozoan –
Entamoeba, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Leishmania, Giardia,
Trypanosoma, Trichomonas, Balantidium and Plasmodium.
Helminthes
6 General Properties of Virus: Morphology, Replication & cultivation of 12%
viruses, Virus host interaction, The genetics of viruses, The
pathogenicity of viruses, Diseases caused by different Virus and mode
of infection: Herpes viruses, Rubella virus, Influenza viruses, Polio,
Hepatitis viruses, Rabies virus, Human immunodeficiency viruses,
Adenoviruses and Corona viruses. Dengue, Oncogenic viruses
Method of diagnosis of virus infected diseases.
7 Concept of Innate and Adaptive immunity, Cells of immune system- 12%
Identification and function of B and T lymphocytes, Characteristics of
antigen (Foreignness, Molecular size, Heterogeneity and solubility)
Haptens. Antibodies - basic structure and types and functions,
Complement system, Hypersensitivity
Autoimmunity – Basic concept, Immuno-prophylaxis &
Immunization schedule, Vaccines-classification & uses, Vaccination
Schedule in India
Immunodeficiency: Immunological basis of Primary and secondary
Immunodeficiency Diseases
8 Diagnostic Immunology - Methods based on precipitation; ODD, CIE, 13%
IEP, immuno fixation and immunoblotting, RIA, RE,
Immunonephlometry.
Methods based on Agglutination - agglutination of whole cells,
agglutination of inert particles coated with Ag/Ab.
Haemagglutination – Direct, indirect, passive; CFT, labeled assays –
ELISA, RIA, FISH, IFT-in vivo reactions- skin tests, immune complex
demonstration.
Reference Book
• Text book of Microbiology (7th Edition)- by Ananthanereyan &Paniker, Publisher
Universities press.
• Paniker’s Text book of Parasitology (8th Edition)- C. K. Jayaram Paniker. The Health
Sciences Publisher
pg. 8
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
• Prescott M, Harley John P., Microbiology, 8th edition, Lansing, Donald A. Klein,
McGraw Hill.
• Kuby's Immunology (7th Ed) - by J. Owen, J. Punt, S. Strandford. Macmillan Higher
Education, England.
• Mackie and McCartney Medical Microbiology. A Guide to Laboratory Diagnosis and
control of Infection.13th ed.,
• Mukharjee K.L. (1999),Medical Laboratory Technology,Vol II, 2nd ed .,Tata MacGraw
Hill.
• Talwar G. P., A Hand book of Practical Immunology,1st Edn. Vikas Publishing House.
• Chakraborty P. Text book of Medical Parasitology, 2nd ed., JP
Course Code PM01DMLT103
Title of Subject Clinical Pathology, Total Hours/Week 04
Histopathology &
Cytology
Course • Subject enables the students to carry out routine clinical laboratory
Objectives investigation (on samples i.e urine, stool, sputum, semen, CSF &
Other body fluids etc.).
• Student can learn handling and processing sample for
histopathology
• Interpret and correlate clinical and laboratory data so that clinical
manifestations of diseases can be explained.
• To learn the necessary techniques for the evaluation and reporting
of Cytopathology specimens.
• Student can identify microscopic changes of organs and tissues and
explain the reasons or causes for the same.
Course
Content
Unit Description Weig
htage
1 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF BODY FLUIDS: Composition and 12%
Functions of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), Composition and Functions of
Synovial Fluid
Composition and Functions of Pleural, Pericardial, and Peritoneal Fluids.
COLLECTION, TRANSPORT & EXAMINATION OF
SPECIMEN: Collection, preservation and storage of various specimens:
Urogenital specimen, sputum, throat and mouth specimen, blood, and
Pus. Antimicrobial sensitivity test.
2 URINE ANALYSIS: Anatomy and Physiology of Urine formation. 13%
Composition of Urine. Role of Urine Examination in Disease
Detection. Techniques of Urine Collection and Preservation. Routine
Examination: chemical & microscopic examination of urine
sediments. Urine Culture and Sensitivity Tests. Correlation of urinary
findings in various diseases. Pregnancy Test. Quality Control and
Assurance in Urine Examination.
STOOL ANALYSIS: Techniques of Stool Collection and
Preservation. Routine Examination: Physical, chemical &
pg. 9
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
microscopic. Interpretation of Stool Examination Result and its
significance in various diseases. Quality Control and Assurance in
Stool Examination
3 EXAMINATION OF BODY FLUID: Overview of Body Fluids, 12%
Significance of Body Fluid Analysis in Disease Diagnosis. Techniques
of Body Fluid Collection and Processing: Lumbar Puncture and CSF
Collection. Arthrocentesis and Synovial Fluid Collection
Thoracentesis, Pericardiocentesis, and Paracentesis. Physical,
chemical and microscopic examination of CSF. Transudate &
Exudate. Examination of pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and synovial
fluid. Normal vs. Abnormal Findings in Body Fluids Correlation of
Results with Clinical Conditions. Reporting and Documentation of
Body Fluid Analysis Results. Quality Control and Assurance in Body
Fluid Analysis
4 SPUTUM ANALYSIS: Chemical composition of sputum. Role of 13%
Sputum Analysis in Detecting Respiratory Infections and Diseases.
Routine examination of sputum. Interpretation of Sputum Examination
Results. Quality Control and Assurance in Sputum Examination.
SEMEN ANALYSIS: Introduction to semen. Physiology of seminal
fluid. Techniques of Semen Collection and Preservation. Routine
examination of semen. Semen Analysis Interpretation and Clinical
Correlation. Interpretative semen analysis. Quality Control and
Assurance in Semen Analysis. Semen Culture and Sensitivity Tests.
5 INTRODUCTION TO HISTOPATHOLOGY AND 12%
CYTOLOGY: Definition and Importance of Histopathology and
Cytology. Handling biopsy specimens. Instruments used in
histological and cytological studies. Overview of Laboratory
Techniques in Histopathology and Cytology.
6 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES: Specimen Collection, 13%
Gross examination, fixation and common fixatives. Various methods
for preparation of tissue sections. Tissue processing: Manually and
using automatic tissue processor. Frozen section apparatus: a
theoretical knowledge of its application, construction and use.
Application of Histokinette
7 SECTIONING & STAINING: Microtomy: Sectioning of Tissues. 12%
Staining Techniques: Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Special Stains.
Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Pathology Techniques.
8 CYTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES: Sample Collection Methods: 13%
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA), Brushings, Washings. Preparation of
Cytology Smears: Monolayer and Conventional Smears Staining
Techniques: Papanicolaou (Pap) Stain, Romanowsky Stains.
Cytopathological Evaluation: Normal and Abnormal Findings.
Museum techniques and mounting. QC in Histopathology and
Cytology. Legal and Regulatory Aspects of Laboratory Practice.
Reference Book
• Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology P.B Gotkar Mumbai, Bhalani Publishing
House
• Text book of Medical Laboratory Technology by Paraful B. Godkar, Publisher Bhalani
pg. 10
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
• K.Laxminarayan : Histological techniques
• Dr. Mukherjee, Medical Laboratory Technology, Volume I , II & II
• Ochei J. & Kolhatkar A. 2000, Medical Laboratory Science: Theory & Practice, Tata
McGraw Hill Pub.
• Mohan H. (2005). Textbook of Pathology, 5th ed., Jaypee Brothers Medical publishers
(P) LTD.
• Sood R. (1994) Medical Laboratory Technology, 4th ed., Jaypee Brothers
Course Code PM01DMLT104
Title of Subject Haematology, Total Hours/Week 04
Blood Banking &
Laboratory
Management
Course • Students to carry out routine clinical laboratory investigation in
Objectives
haematology or related to blood.
• The candidates are taught the skill of blood collection from donors
and aspects of proper collection of blood, documentation,
preventive measures against communicable diseases etc.
• They should be able to perform different investigations,
preservation and interpretation of blood for transfusion.
• Student can understand operation, safety, records, report and
maintain quality control in laboratory.
Course
Content
Unit Description Weig
htage
1 INTRODUCTION TO HAEMATOLOGY: Definition and Scope of 12%
Haematology. Organization and Function of Blood Components.
Haematopoiesis: Process of Blood Cell Formation.
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD: Structure and function of Red Blood
Cells (RBCs): White Blood Cells (WBCs), Platelets, Haemoglobin.
LABORATORY TEQUENIQUES IN HAEMATOLOGY:
Collection of blood by various methods. Complete blood count (CBC),
complete hemogram. Methods for determination of haemoglobin and
blood cell counts. Haematocrit (PCV), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR), Platelet count, reticulocyte count and absolute eosinophil count,
Differential WBC count. Automated Cell Counters: Working Principles
and Interpretation Calculation of Absolute Cell Counts.
2 PERIPHERAL SMEAR EXAMINATION: Blood Smear Preparation: 12%
Wedge and Spreader Methods. Staining Techniques: Wright-Giemsa,
Leishman, and Romanowsky Stains. Artifacts in Peripheral Smears and
Troubleshooting. Normal Blood Cell Morphology: RBCs, WBCs, and
Platelets. Identification of Abnormal Blood Cells: Poikilocytosis,
Anisocytosis. Leukocyte Abnormalities: Neutrophilia, Lymphocytosis,
Eosinophilia, Monocytosis, Qualitative and Quantitative Platelet
Disorders. Infectious Diseases: Malaria, Filaria, and Other Blood
Parasites.
pg. 11
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
BONE MARROW EXAMINATION: Bone Marrow Aspiration and
Biopsy Techniques. Complications and Post-procedure Care.
Interpretation and Reporting.
3 HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES: Types, Classification, Causes and 13%
Laboratory Diagnosis Criteria of Anaemia, Leukaemia, And
Haemorrhagic Disorders: Haemophilia, Thrombocytopenia. Thalassemia
COAGULATION AND ROUTINE COAGULATION TESTS:
Haemostasis, Mechanism of coagulation. Routine coagulation tests.
Bleeding disorders. Determination of bleeding time, clotting time,
thrombin, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and
activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Automated coagulation
systems.
SPECIAL HAEMATOLOGICAL TESTS: Detection of malarial
parasite. Determination of osmotic fragility of RBC, G6PD, TIBC,
GSH. Tests for Haemoglobinopathies: Screening test - Sickling test,
NESTROF. Confirmative test -Electrophoresis, HPLC.
4 INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD BANKING: Significance of Blood 13%
Banking in Healthcare. Historical Perspective and Evolution of Blood
Transfusions. Role of Blood Banks in Public Health and Emergency
Situations.
BLOOD COLLECTION: Blood Collection Techniques: Use of
anticoagulant bulb. Storage and transportation of blood. Blood Donor
Selection and Recruitment. Whole Blood and Component Collection.
Blood Processing: Centrifugation, Separation, and Storage of Red
Cells, Plasma, Platelets, and Cryoprecipitate. Special Blood Products
and Therapies: Platelet Apheresis and Granulocyte Transfusions
5 BLOOD GROUPING: 13%
ABO and Rh blood Group systems. Other blood grouping systems.
Serological techniques for detection of ABO & Rh antigens. Methods
of blood group determination, Forward and Reverse grouping, Slide &
Tube method, Gel method. Crossmatching Techniques: Major and
Minor
CROSSMATCH: Compatibility Testing and Pretransfusion Testing
Protocols. Quality control in blood banking.
6 TRANSFUSION REACTION: Transfusion transmissible infectious 12%
disease screen, Coomb’test, Antibody Screening & Identification,
Grading of Reaction/Agglutination. Types of Transfusion Reactions:
Hemolytic, Febrile, Allergic, and Others. Recognition and Management
of Transfusion Reactions. Complications and Prevention Strategies in
Blood Transfusions.
RHEUMATOLOGICAL DISEASES:
Various rheumatological diseases. Etiology, pathogenesis and lab
investigations of rheumatological diseases.
7 BLOOD-BORN PATHOGENES: HIV, Hepatitis, and Other 12%
Infectious Agents. Universal Precautions and Safety Measures in Blood
Banking. Quality Control in Blood Banking: Monitoring and Assurance
BLOOD DONOR SCREENING: Serological and Nucleic Acid
Testing (NAT). Donor Deferral Criteria: High-Risk Behaviours and
Medical Conditions.
pg. 12
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
ETHICS IN BLOOD BANK: Blood Banking Regulations and
Accreditation Standards. Informed Consent and Ethical Issues in Blood
Transfusions. Documentation and Record-Keeping in Blood Banking.
8 Laboratory Management : Laboratory Infrastructure, Control of 13%
Documents & Records (Flow of Documentation, Document Control,
Records, Quality Records, Technical Records, etc ), Biosafety Level
and Biosafety cabinets, Signage system in laboratory.
Biomedical Waste Rules , Types of Waste & Category, Color Coding,
Waste cycle, Method of discarding Microbiological Waste,
QUALITY CONTROL Accuracy, Precision, and Reference values,
Quality control charts, Levy- Jennings and Cusum charts, West guard
Rules, Legal and Regulatory Aspects of Haematology Laboratory
Practice, Cycle of Accreditation - ISO 9001:2015, NABL, NABH
Reference Book
• Textbook of medical laboratory technology by Praful B Godkar, Publisher Bhalan
• Textbook of Clinical laboratory methods and diagnosis by Gradwohls, Publisher Mosby
• Text book of Medical Laboratory Technology (6th edition) by Ramnik Sood,Jaypee
Publication
• Dacie, Practical Haematology
• Dr. Mukherjee, Medical Laboratory Technology, Volume I , II & II
• Wintrobe’s Clinical Haematology, 14th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• Kawthalkar S M, Essential of Clinical Pathology,2nd ed., Jaypee Brothers
• Denise Harmening ,Modern Blood banking and Transfusion Practices, 6th Edition 2012.
pg. 13
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
Course Code PM01DMLT105
Title of Subject Practicals Total Hours/Week 12
Practical- I (Practicals of Biochemistry)
1. Preparation of Normal solutions, Molar solutions, percent solution, dilution techniques.
2. Verification of Beer’s by colorimeter
3. Qualitative identification of tests of sugars
4. Determination of Glucose in Blood/Serum
5. Estimation of Total serum protein and Albumin/Globulin ratio
6. Urine analysis – normal & abnormal constituents of urine
7. Estimation of Inorganic phosphorus
8. Estimation of Urea
9. Estimation of Creatinine
10. Estimation of Uric Acid
11. To study the Lipid Profile-Cholesterol, Triglycerides
12. Determination of bilirubin
13. Estimation of SGPT/ SGOT
14. To learn the Agarose Gel electrophoresis techniques
15. Estimation of Bilirubin
16. Separation of amino acid by TLC
17. Estimation of Serum Amylase activity
18. Estimation of LDH Enzyme
19. Estimation of phenylalanine for Phenyl ketonuria
20. Demonstration of semi/Autoanalyzer
Practical- II (Practicals of Microbiology)
1. Demonstration and sterilization of equipment – Hot Air oven, Autoclave, Bacterial
filters.
2. To study the preparation of commonly used culture media: Nutrient broth, Nutrient agar,
Blood agar
3. Isolation of bacteria in pure culture by various striking method
4. Preparation of broth and slant.
5. Care and operation of Microscopes
6. Bacterial staining : Gram’s stain, Spore stain, Leishman stain, Geimsa stain, Acid Fast
staining
7. Sputum smear preparation and staining by Zieel Nelsen (AFB).
8. Direct Examination of specimens by KOH, Gram, Kinyoun’s, Giemsa, Lactophenol
Cotton
9. Biochemical Reactions for identification of bacteria (Coagulase test, Catalase test,
IMViC, Urease, Oxidase)
10. Tests for motility: hanging drop preparation
11. Antibiotic susceptibility test by disc method
12. Examination of blood for protozoa and helminths by wet mount, thin and thick stained
smears.
13. Examination of faeces for parasitic ova and cysts etc. by direct and concentration
methods (Salt flotation and Formol-Ether methods).
14. Identification of fungal cultures Colony characteristics and Microscopic examination
of Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichophyton,
15. To perform ASO test
pg. 14
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat
(Reaccredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA 3.11)
Syllabus with effect from the Academic Year 2024-2025
Immunology and Serology
16. To perform radial immune-diffusion test
17. To perform TORCH profile
18. Performance of serological tests viz. Widal, VDRL/RPR
19. Latex agglutination tests: RA, CRP
20. Rapid tests (Immunochromatography or Flow through type) HIV
Practical- III (Practicals of Pathology)
1. Test for Urine Exam,
2. Test for Stool examination
Hematology and Blood Banking
3. To demonstrate the method of collection of blood by vacutainer and use of anticoagulant
4. Preparation of blood smears and staining of blood smears and identification of blood
cells
5. Hb estimation
6. Determination of Blood Groups (ABO and RH system)
7. CM Tests
8. Du Tests
9. Comb's Tests,
10. Differential leucocytes count (DLC).
11. Determination of RBC count
12. Sickling test.
13. Determination of ESR by wintrobes & Westergeren's method.
14. Determination of PCV by Wintrobes
15. Erythrocyte Indices- MCV, MCH, MCHC.
16. Platelet count
17. Reticulocyte count
18. Bleeding time & Clotting time
19. Determination of prothrombin time (PT) & APTT
Histopathology
20. To perform tissue processing by manual method.
21. To perform section cutting by microtone of paraffin embedded tissue.
22. To fix the smear on glass slide.
23. To perform hematoxylin and eosinstaining.
24. To perform PAS staining.
25. To perform AFB staining (TB and leprosy)
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pg. 15
