This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: G87 − 02 (Reapproved 2018)

Standard Practice for

Conducting Moist SO2 Tests1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G87; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This practice covers the apparatus and procedure to be 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
used in conducting qualitative assessment tests in accordance D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
with the requirements of material or product specifications by Paints
means of specimen exposure to condensed moisture containing D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
sulfur dioxide. D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
1.2 The exposure conditions may be varied to suit particular Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
requirements and this practice includes provisions for use of G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
different concentrations of sulfur dioxide and for tests either sion Test Specimens
running continuously or in cycles of alternate exposure to the G46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Cor-
sulfur dioxide containing atmosphere and to the ambient rosion
atmosphere. 3. Significance and Use
1.3 The variant of the test to be used, the exposure period 3.1 Moist air containing sulfur dioxide quickly produces
required, the type of test specimen, and the criteria of failure easily visible corrosion on many metals in a form resembling
are not prescribed by this practice. Such details are provided in that occurring in industrial environments. It is therefore a test
appropriate material and product purchase specifications. medium well suited to detect pores or other sources of
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as weakness in protective coatings and deficiencies in corrosion
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information resistance associated with unsuitable alloy composition or
only. treatments.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2 The results obtained in the test should not be regarded as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the a general guide to the corrosion resistance of the tested
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- materials in all environments where these materials may be
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- used. Performance of different materials in the test should only
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. be taken as a general guide to the relative corrosion resistance
For a specific warning statement, see 4.3. of these materials in moist SO2 service.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4. Apparatus
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.1 The apparatus required for moist SO2 testing consists of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- a test chamber having an internal capacity of 300 L (10.6 ft3),
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical a supply of sulfur dioxide with metering device, specimen
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. supports, provisions for heating the chamber, and necessary
means of control. The size and detailed construction of the
apparatus are optional, provided the conditions obtained meet
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory
2
Corrosion Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, [Link], or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@[Link]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as G87 – 02 (2013). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/G0087-02R18. the ASTM website.

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 G87 − 02 (2018)
the requirements of this practice. Suitable apparatus which may 7.2 The total combined exposed surface area of the material
be used to obtain these conditions is described in Appendix X1. tested at any one time should be substantially the same and
4.2 Drops of condensing moisture which accumulate on the unless otherwise agreed upon, it shall be 0.5 6 0.1 m2 (5.4 ft2
ceiling of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the 6 1 ft2).
specimens being tested. 7.2.1 More specimens of the same material may be added, if
needed.
4.3 (Warning—Suck-back into cylinder may cause explo-
7.3 To obtain quantitative corrosion-rate data, only materi-
sion. Always use a check valve, vacuum break, or other
als with similar reactivities should be included in a test run.
protective apparatus in any line or piping from cylinder to test
chamber to prevent suck-back. Installation of the chamber 7.4 Preparation of Test Specimens:
under a fume hood is recommended.) 7.4.1 Suitably clean the specimens before testing (see Prac-
tice G1). Unless otherwise agreed upon the cleaning method
5. Reagents shall be optional depending on the nature of the surface and of
the likelihood of contamination. The cleaning method shall not
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
include the use of abrasives (other than a paste of pure
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
magnesium oxide), corrosive solvents, corrosion-promoting
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
materials or protective film formers. Care in handling is
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
necessary so as not to recontaminate the test specimens.
where such specifications are available.3 Other grades may be
7.4.2 If test specimens are cut from a larger coated article,
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
carry out the cutting in such a way that coating damage is
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
minimized in the area adjacent to the cut. Unless otherwise
accuracy of the determination.
specified, adequately protect the cut edges by coating them
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references with a suitable medium, stable under the conditions of the test,
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined such as wax or tape. High-quality platers tape or microcrystal-
by Type IV of Specification D1193. line wax are generally suitable.
5.3 A commercially available source of bottled SO2 gas 7.5 Position of Specimens During Test:
having a minimum purity of 99.9 % (liquid phase) with proper 7.5.1 Place the test specimens in the cabinet so that no part
regulator, and means of measuring the volumes of gas required of any specimen is within 20 mm (0.78 in.) of another or within
for delivery into test chamber shall be provided. 100 mm (3.93) of the walls or the ceiling or within 200 mm
5.4 The volume of gas delivered into test chamber shall be (7.87 in.) of the surface of the water in the base of the chamber.
measured by means of either a properly calibrated flowmeter 7.5.2 Arrange the specimens so that moisture which may
(rotameter type) with metering valve, or in a gas buret using condense on any of them or their supports will not fall on other
viscous paraffin oil as the pressure controlling fluid. specimens placed at lower levels. If possible place all test
5.4.1 The volume to be measured may be as small as 0.2 L. specimens on the same horizontal plane so they are exposed to
Measures should be taken to avoid errors from air contained in equal concentrations of SO2 gas.
delivery tubes between flowmeter or gas burette and test 7.5.3 Unless otherwise agreed upon, the angle of inclination
chamber. of test surfaces to the vertical is optional. A near vertical
orientation (0 to 10° from vertical) is suggested unless other-
6. Sampling wise agreed upon or specified.

6.1 The specific location of samples in a mill product, the 8. Conditioning

number of samples that should be tested, and other factors
concerning sampling, are not within the scope of this practice. 8.1 Operate a new chamber for at least ten 24-h cycles
These factors should be mutually agreed upon between pur- without introduction of any test material by the procedure
chaser and supplier (see 7.1). applicable to an atmosphere containing an addition of 2 L (122
in.3) of sulfur dioxide before it is brought into use for testing.
This should reduce any risks of contamination of the atmo-
7. Test Specimens
sphere by vapors from construction materials of chamber.
7.1 Select the number and type of test specimens, and their
shape and dimensions according to the specification covering 9. Procedure
the product or material being tested or agreed upon between
9.1 Introduce 2 6 0.2 L (122 in.3 6 12 in.3) of distilled
purchaser and supplier.
water into the base of chamber.
9.2 Place the test specimens in the chamber and close the
3
door/lid.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not 9.3 Introduce the volume of sulfur dioxide, required by the
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory U.
governing materials specification, into the chamber through the
K. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, and the United States Pharmacopeia and
National Formulary, U.S. Pharamacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC) Rockville, inlet pipe. Usually this volume will be 0.2, 1, or 2 L (12 in.3,
MD.” 61 in.3, or 122 in.3 6 12 in.3).

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 G87 − 02 (2018)
9.4 Switch on the heater and raise the temperature inside the specification for the material or product tested. For most
chamber to 40 6 3°C (104 6 5.4°F) in about 1.5 h. Make sure routine applications of the test, only the following need to be
the heating is under control to keep the temperature inside the considered:
chamber at 40 6 3°C (104 6 5.4°F) for the specified period. 10.1.1 Appearance after drying in air,
Each set point and its tolerance represents an operational 10.1.2 Appearance after removing superficial corrosion
control point for equilibrium conditions at a single location in products by washing with water and a soft bristle brush,
the cabinet which may not necessarily represent the uniformity 10.1.3 The number and distribution of corrosion defects, for
of conditions throughout the cabinet. example, pits, cracks, blisters, and other defects may conve-
9.5 One test cycle is 24 h. Either Method A or B, and the niently be assessed by methods such as that described in Test
number of cycles shall be designated by the specification for Method D1654, Test Method D714, and Guide G46.
the material or product being tested or mutually agreed upon by 10.1.4 The number of cycles elapsing before the appearance
the purchaser and seller. For either method, replace the water in of the first sign of corrosion.
the chamber and the sulfur dioxide in the air of the chamber 11. Report
before each 24 h cycle begins.
11.1 The report shall indicate the outcome of the test
9.5.1 Method A, Continuous Exposure—The specimens
according to the criteria for evaluation of results prescribed for
shall remain continuously exposed to the atmosphere in the
the test. The result obtained for each specimen tested and,
chamber for 24 h. Replacement of the water and sulfur dioxide
when appropriate, the average result for a group of replicate
for a second period of test shall be made with a minimum of
test specimens shall be reported. The report, may, if required,
disturbance of the test specimens.
be accompanied by photographic records of the tested speci-
9.5.2 Method B, Alternating Exposure—Expose the speci-
mens.
mens for 8 h, followed by drying in the ambient conditions
inside the chamber for 16 h. Ambient conditions shall be an 11.2 The report shall contain information about all test
indoor atmosphere with no unusual pollution other than that details. This information may vary according to the purposes of
arising from the test chamber. Such conditions shall be the test and to the directions prescribed for it but a general list
controlled to a temperature in the range of 20 to 30°C (68 to of the details likely to be required is as follows:
86°F), and a relative humidity below 75 %. 11.2.1 Chemical composition of the material tested,
11.2.2 Dimensions and shape of the test specimen and the
9.6 Duration of Test—The number of cycles shall be desig- nature and area of the surface tested,
nated by the specification for the material or product being 11.2.3 Preparation of the test specimen including any clean-
tested or mutually agreed upon by purchaser and seller. ing treatment applied and any protection given to edges or
9.7 Cleaning of Tested Specimens—At the end of the test other special areas. Known characteristics of any coating with
period, remove the specimens from the chamber. Before they an indication of the surface finish,
are examined, allow them to hang freely in a normal indoor 11.2.4 Amount of sulfur dioxide introduced per cycle,
atmosphere until any fluid corrosion product dries. Examine 11.2.5 Number of test specimens subjected to test represent-
with all corrosion product in position and any cleaning carried ing each material or product,
out depends on the criteria laid down for evaluation of the test 11.2.6 Method used to clean test specimens after the test and
result (see Practice G1). an indication of the loss of mass resulting from the cleaning
operation, when appropriate,
10. Evaluation of Results 11.2.7 Temperature of test,
10.1 Different criteria for evaluation of the results of the test 11.2.8 Duration of test (number of cycles), and
may be applied to meet particular requirements, for example, 11.2.9 Character of any control test panels placed in the
mass change, change in appearance, alteration revealed by cabinet expressly to check the correctness of the operating
micrographic examination, or change in mechanical properties. conditions and the results obtained with them.
Usually the appropriate criteria will be indicated in the 11.2.10 Method A or B.

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 G87 − 02 (2018)
APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. MOIST SO2 TEST APPARATUS

X1.1 Location shall be provided. The door/lid should occupy at least 75 % of

X1.1.1 The chamber shall be located in an area free of the area of the front wall/ton of the chamber.
unusual pollution, direct sunlight, and drafts. Temperature X1.2.7 All materials used in the construction of the chamber
should be controlled between 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F) at a must be resistant to the action of moist sulfur dioxide and shall
relative humidity below 75 %. themselves not emit any gases or vapors likely to influence
corrosion of test materials. A suitable plastic material, lead or
X1.2 Chamber plastic clad steel, or austenitic stainless steel may be used for
X1.2.1 Standard SO2 chambers are available from several the basic construction of the chamber and internal fittings.
suppliers, but certain pertinent details are required before they X1.2.8 Specimen supports shall be of nonconducting mate-
will function according to this practice and provide consistent rial such as glass, plastic, or suitably coated wood or steel. Any
control for duplication of results. material used to suspend the test specimens in the chamber
X1.2.2 The chamber consists of the basic chamber, inert, shall be of synthetic fibre or other inert insulating material;
non-conducting specimen supports, provisions for heating the metallic materials shall not be used.
chamber, and suitable controls for maintaining and indicating X1.2.9 Some variation in the dimensions and shape of the
the desired temperature and relative humidity. chamber can be tolerated but the total internal area of chamber
X1.2.3 The chamber shall have an inlet tube through which (including ceiling) should be 300 L (10.6 ft3). The ceiling must
gas can be introduced into the chamber located at a point no be so shaped that moisture condensing on it shall not fall on
less than 50 mm (1.95 in.) above the internal floor, a means by specimens being tested. An inclination or slope of the ceiling of
which excess pressure can be relieved located in or near the at least 12° to the horizontal or installation of an internal baffle
ceiling and a suitable drain in the floor of the chamber. suspended from the ceiling at that angle provides a suitable
X1.2.4 The floor and lower parts of the walls of chamber safeguard. Suitable dimensions and shape for the chamber are
shall be capable of being heated from an external source and outlined in Fig. X1.1.
must be able to retain without leakage at least 2.5 L of water X1.3 Temperature Controls
containing dissolved sulfur dioxide.
X1.3.1 A temperature controlling device with its actuating
X1.2.5 External means of heating the water placed in the element shall be placed in the upper part of the chamber. A
base of chamber, sufficient to maintain the temperature inside thermometer capable of being read from outside the cabinet
the chamber at 40 6 3°C (104 6 5.4°F) shall be provided. shall also be installed in the upper part of the chamber with its
X1.2.6 A full-opening door/lid made of transparent material bulb located approximately 250 mm (10 in.) from any side
such as glass, acrylic, polycarbonate or suitable plastic material wall.

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 G87 − 02 (2018)

NOTE 1—θ Angle of ceiling/lid

12° min (from horizontal)
120° max (included angle)
NOTE 2—Legend:
1 Automatic thermostat for controlling heater
2 Thermometer
3 Gas inlet
4 Excessive pressure vent
5 Specimen support
6 Door/lid
7 Internal reservoir
8 Heater
9 Air space or water jacket
FIG. X1.1 Typical Moist SO2 Test Chamber

X2. STANDARD PRACTICE FOR CONDUCTING MOIST SO2 TESTS

24-H CONSTANT ATMOSPHERE CYCLE (METHOD A) OR
8-H MOIST SO2 AND 16-H PURGE/SOAK (METHOD B)

X2.1 Introduce 2 6 0.2 L (122 6 12 in.3) of distilled water Method A: Maintain 40°C temperature for 24 h.
into the base of a 300 L (10.6 ft3) chamber (wet bottom). Method B: Maintain 40°C temperature for 8 h and 20 to 30°C
(68 to 86°F) for 16 h with relative humidity below 75 %.
X2.2 Place specimens in chamber and close the door/lid.
Each set point and its tolerance represents an operational
X2.3 Introduce SO2 gas, usually 0.2, 1, or 2 L (12 in.3, 61 control point for equilibrium conditions at a single location in
in.3, or 122 6 12 in.3), into the chamber. The SO2 gas is the cabinet which may not necessarily represent the uniformity
injected by means of a gas dispersion ring or other means to aid of conditions throughout the cabinet. (See Fig. X2.1.)
dispersion of gas throughout the chamber.
X2.5 Switch off heat, completely purge the chamber of
X2.4 Switch on heat and raise chamber temperature to 40 6 residual vapors, and open door/lid.
3°C (104 6 5.4°F) in about 11⁄2 h.

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 G87 − 02 (2018)

NOTE 1—Dashed chart lines indicate temperature tolerance limits.

NOTE 2—Temperature changes illustrated are pictorial representations only and are not based on actual tests.
NOTE 3—Reprinted with permission.
FIG. X2.1 Practice for Operating Moist SO2 Apparatus (Method B)

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