A wrtitten report about:

The Battle of Mactan: A

Turning Point in the Philippine
History
In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Readings in Philippine History

By:

Angeline C. Velayo

BSA II-13

Prof. Romualdo Del Agua

September 2024
Table of Contents

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………….…1

I. Introduction……………………………………………………………….…2

II. Historical Data Analysis………………………………………………….3-6

A. Methodology………………………………………………………3-4

i. Primary & Secondary sources…………………………………..3

B. Analysis…………………………………………………………....4-5

III. Discussion and Conclusions…………………………………………..….6-7

A. Discussion………………………………………………..……..…6-7

B. Conclusions……………………………………………………..…..7

IV. References……………………………………………………...…………..8

V. Appendices………………………………………………………………9-10
Abstract

The Battle of Mactan, fought on April 27, 1521, marks a pivotal moment
in Philippine history, symbolizing indigenous resistance against foreign colonization. This
research examines the socio-political context of the battle, which pitted the forces of the
native chieftain Lapu-Lapu against the Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan. By
analyzing primary historical accounts and secondary scholarly interpretations, the study
highlights how the battle served as a catalyst for national consciousness among Filipinos.
The findings reveal that the confrontation was not merely a military engagement but a
profound assertion of identity and autonomy by the indigenous people. The defeat of
Magellan, a formidable figure of European expansionism, galvanized local leaders and
communities, laying the groundwork for future resistance against colonial powers. This
research also explores the enduring legacy of the battle in shaping Filipino nationalism and
cultural identity, as it has been commemorated in various forms of art, literature, and public
memory. Ultimately, the Battle of Mactan serves as a significant historical reference point
that continues to inspire contemporary discussions on sovereignty, cultural pride, and the
ongoing struggle against imperialism. By recognizing the importance of this event, we gain a
deeper understanding of the complexities of Philippine history and the resilience of its people
in the face of adversity.

1
I. Introduction

The Battle of Mactan stands as a cornerstone in the narrative of Philippine history,

encapsulating the themes of resistance, identity, and the struggle for sovereignty. Fought on
April 27, 1521, this significant encounter involved the forces of the indigenous
chieftain Lapu-Lapu and the Spanish expedition led by the explorer Ferdinand Magellan.
While the battle itself was brief, its implications reverberated throughout the centuries,
marking a critical juncture in the Philippines' journey toward self-determination.

As one of the earliest recorded instances of indigenous resistance against European

colonization in Southeast Asia, the Battle of Mactan has become emblematic of the Filipino
spirit. Lapu-Lapu's victory over Magellan not only thwarted the Spanish advance but also
ignited a sense of national pride and unity among the diverse indigenous groups within
the archipelago. This event is often viewed as a precursor to the larger movements for
independence that would emerge in the Philippines over the following centuries.

The significance of the battle extends beyond its military outcomes; it represents a
profound assertion of cultural identity and autonomy against external forces. The narratives
surrounding the Battle of Mactan have evolved over time, influenced by changing political
landscapes and social contexts. Lapu-Lapu has emerged as a national hero, symbolizing the
resistance against colonial oppression and the enduring quest for freedom that characterizes
the Filipino experience.

This introduction sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the Battle of
Mactan as a turning point in Philippine history. Through an examination of historical
accounts, cultural interpretations, and the battle's lasting legacy, this research aims to
highlight the importance of this event in shaping the collective consciousness of the Filipino
people. By recognizing the Battle of Mactan as a defining moment, we can better understand
the complexities of Philippine history and the ongoing relevance of its themes in
contemporary society.

2
II. Historical Data Analysis

A. Methodology

 Primary Sources

Antonio Pigafetta's Account: Pigafetta was the official chronicler of Ferdinand

Magellan’s expedition. His detailed journal includes firsthand accounts of the events
leading up to and during the battle. It provides a narrative perspective on the battle, the
characters involved, and the interactions between the Spanish and the indigenous people.

Historical Artifacts: Physical objects such as weapons, tools, and items associated with
the battle or the time period. It offers tangible evidence of the technology and culture of
the indigenous people and the Spanish colonizers.

Maps and Navigation Charts: Historical maps created by the Spanish showing routes
taken during the expedition and locations of significant events, including the battle.
Helps to understand the geographical context of the battle and strategic considerations.

 Secondary Sources

Books on Philippine History:Scholarly texts that provide comprehensive overviews

of Philippine history, including discussions of the Spanish colonial period and the Battle
of Mactan. Examples includes "A History of the Philippines" by David P. Barrows and
"The Philippines: A Past Revisited" by Carlos Quirino

Theses and Dissertations: Graduate-level research that explores specific topics related
to the Battle of Mactan, including its historical interpretations and cultural significance.
Provides in-depth analysis and original research that contributes to the existing body of
knowledge.

3
B. Analysis

Antonio Pigafetta The First Voyage Around the World An

Account of Magellan's Expedition

Pigafetta's work is important not only as a source of information

about the voyage itself, but also includes an early Western
description of the people and languages of the Philippines. Of
the approximately 240 men who set out with Magellan, Pigafetta
was one of only 18 who returned to Spain.

Ancient Weapons
The first recorded kampilan possibly goes back to the Battle of
Mactan in the Philippines -- April 1521. Magellan vs Lapu
Lapu. However it is unclear if Lapu Lapu used a kampilan or a
cutlass. The kampilan is, collectively, possible to regard as one
clear typological form with many variations in different
islands of the archipelago, linked to different networks of
exchange that modulate an essential concept of a thing.
Linguistically, kampilan is also a word that has widespread use
for “dedicated fighting blade”, as to Philippine weapons collector and scholar Lorenz Lazco
— that may refer to bladed weapons substantially different as to potentially belong to
different typologies.

4
The Impact of The Battle of Mactan

Firstly, it became a powerful symbol of resistance against colonial powers, inspiring

future generations of Filipinos to stand against foreign domination and fostering a sense of
national pride. Lapu-Lapu emerged as a national hero, representing the fight for sovereignty
and independence, which is celebrated in various cultural expressions. The battle also led the
Spanish to reassess their colonization strategies, resulting in a more cautious approach and an
increased military presence in the Philippines as they recognized the challenges of
subjugating the archipelago.

Moreover, the battle provided critical insights into indigenous warfare tactics, societal
structures, and political dynamics, shaping the European understanding of
the Philippines through chroniclers' accounts, such as those by Antonio Pigafetta. These
narratives influenced subsequent colonial policies and highlighted ongoing tensions between
the Spanish and various indigenous groups, sparking further resistance and uprisings
throughout the Spanish colonial period. The battle also reflected broader resistance to
Spanish efforts to impose Christianity, as many indigenous groups sought to maintain their
traditional beliefs, leading to a blending of cultures that deeply influenced Filipino identity.

Commemorated annually in the Philippines, the Battle of Mactan reinforces national

pride and is included in educational curricula, ensuring that future generations recognize its
significance in the context of Philippine history. Furthermore, it is often discussed within the
broader framework of the Age of Exploration, contributing to the understanding of colonial
dynamics experienced globally. Overall, the Battle of Mactan was not merely a military
engagement; it was a pivotal moment that shaped the trajectory of Philippine history, culture,
and the ongoing narrative of resistance against colonization.

5
III. Discussion and Conclusion

A. Discussion

The Battle of Mactan stands as a significant event in Philippine history, encapsulating

themes of resistance, identity, and the complexities of colonial encounters. Fought on April
27, 1521, the battle pitted the forces of Lapu-Lapu, a local chieftain, against the Spanish
expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan. This confrontation is often celebrated not only
for Lapu-Lapu's victory but also for its broader implications on the Filipino struggle against
foreign domination. The battle symbolized the fierce resistance of indigenous peoples against
colonization, showcasing their martial prowess and strategic capabilities. Lapu-Lapu's
triumph became a source of inspiration for future generations, fostering a sense of national
pride and identity that resonates to this day.

Moreover, the Battle of Mactan had profound consequences for Spanish colonial
strategies in the Philippines. It forced the Spanish to reconsider their approach to indigenous
groups, emphasizing the need for diplomacy and alliances rather than outright conquest. This
shift was crucial in shaping the dynamics of Spanish colonization, as they recognized that
subjugating the diverse archipelago would require more nuanced tactics. The accounts of the
battle, particularly those recorded by chroniclers like Antonio Pigafetta, provided Europeans
with insights into the rich cultures and societies of the Philippines, influencing their
perceptions and policies towards the region.

The cultural legacy of the battle cannot be overstated; Lapu-Lapu emerged as a

national hero, celebrated in literature, art, and public commemorations. His story serves as a
reminder of the importance of sovereignty and the enduring spirit of resistance among
Filipinos. Additionally, the battle reflects the broader narrative of colonialism, where
indigenous populations faced the challenges of foreign intrusion while striving to preserve
their identities and way of life. Overall, the Battle of Mactan serves as a powerful narrative of

6
resilience, representing not just a military confrontation but a foundational moment in the
ongoing quest for national identity and autonomy in the Philippines.

B. Conclusion

In conclusion, the Battle of Mactan is a pivotal moment in Philippine history that

symbolizes the enduring spirit of resistance against colonial oppression. Lapu-Lapu's victory
over Ferdinand Magellan not only showcased the martial capabilities of indigenous forces but
also ignited a sense of national pride that continues to resonate with Filipinos today. The
battle prompted a reevaluation of Spanish colonial strategies and highlighted the complexities
of cultural encounters during the Age of Exploration. Ultimately, the legacy of the Battle of
Mactan serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of sovereignty, identity, and the
ongoing struggle for autonomy that defines the Filipino narrative.

7
IV. References

Pigafetta, A. (1522) Journal of Magellan's Voyage. [France: Publisher Not Identified, to 1525]
[Pdf] Retrieved from the Library of Congress,
https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667606/.

Dino Carlo S. Santos. CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art Digital Edition., 2020
https://epa.culturalcenter.gov.ph/3/82/2291/

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, August 2). Mactan Island. Encyclopedia

Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Mactan-Island

Emma Jackson. Ferdinand Magellan’s Voyage and its Legacy in the Philippines. 2020
https://libjournals.unca.edu/ncur/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/3330-Jackson-Emma-
FINAL.pdf

Renato Constantino. The Philippines: A Past Revisited (1975)

https://siagrey.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/the-philippines-a-past-revisited-
renato-constantino.pdf

David P. Barrows. A History of the Philippines (2011)

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38269/38269-h/38269-h.htm

8
V. Appendices

Appendices A
Photographs

9
 Appendices B
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Information
Name: Angeline Celedonio Velayo
Age: 19 yrs. old
Birthdate: March 12, 2055
Contact No.: 0915 989 5469
Address: #2 St. Scholastica subd. Talon Uno Las Pinas City
E-mail: [email protected]

Educational Background
2023 - Present Dr. Filemon C. Aguilar Memorial College of Las Piñas
1st year BS Accuntancy
2022 - 2023 South East Asia- Institute of Trade and Technology
Grade 12 ABM
2021 - 2022 South East Asia- Institute of Trade and Technology
Grade 11 ABM
2017 - 2021 Equitable Village National High School
Grade 7 to 10
2014 - 2017 MES- Mikesell Elementary School
Grade 4 to 6
2013-2014 Moonwalk Elementary School
Grade 3
2010-2013 Lambakin San Miguel Bulacan Elementary School
Kinder to Grade2

Achievements and Recognition

● Graduated with honors (Grade school & Senior High School)
● Best in Accounting 1 (S.Y. 2021-2022)
● Academic Achiever (A.Y. 2023-2024)

10