DVA Assignment 4
Name: Tanya Maheshwari
Enrollment No. 02613702022
Submitted to: Ms. Kavita Srivastva
1. Role of Tkinter in Python for GUI Applications (CO4)
Answer:
Tkinter is the standard GUI (Graphical User Interface) library included with
Python. It provides tools to create windows, dialogs, buttons, text fields, and
other GUI elements. Tkinter uses the Tcl/Tk GUI toolkit under the hood and is
known for its simplicity and ease of use, especially for beginners.
Advantages:
Built-in: No installation required.
Cross-platform: Works on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Lightweight: Ideal for small-to-medium GUI apps.
Well-documented: Large community and support.
Popular Tkinter widgets:
Label: Displays text or images.
Button: Triggers a function on click.
Entry: Single-line text input.
Text: Multi-line text area.
Listbox: Displays a list of selectable items.
Checkbutton, Radiobutton: Used for choices.
Frame: Container for organizing widgets.
Tkinter remains a top choice for prototyping, educational tools, and lightweight
applications due to its simplicity and integration with Python.
2. Layout Management in Tkinter: pack(), grid(), place()
Answer:
Tkinter offers three layout managers to organize widgets:
1. pack():
o Arranges widgets in blocks (top, bottom, left, right).
o Simple and automatic sizing.
o Best for basic or vertically stacked layouts.
2. grid():
o Organizes widgets in rows and columns (table-like).
o More control than pack().
o Ideal for forms and structured layouts.
3. place():
o Uses absolute positioning (x, y coordinates).
o Offers maximum control but hard to maintain.
o Best used when precise control over placement is needed.
Comparison:
Meth Ease of Best Use
Flexibility
od Use Case
Simple
pack() High Low
layouts
Medium- Structured
grid() Medium
High forms
Custom
place() Low High
layouts
3. Menus and Dialog Boxes in Tkinter
Answer:
Creating Menus:
Tkinter uses the Menu widget to add menu bars and dropdowns.
python
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menu = Menu(root)
[Link](menu=menu)
file_menu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file_menu)
file_menu.add_command(label="Open")
Creating Dialog Boxes:
Tkinter provides built-in dialog boxes via the [Link] and
[Link] modules.
Types of Dialogs:
Message Boxes:
o showinfo(), showwarning(), showerror(): Used for feedback.
o askyesno(), askquestion(): For user confirmation.
Input Dialogs:
o [Link](), askinteger(): Prompt user for input.
Example:
python
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from tkinter import messagebox
[Link]("Success", "Record added successfully!")
Menus and dialog boxes enhance interactivity, usability, and professionalism in
applications.
4. Role of sqlite3 Module in Python for Database Operations
Answer:
The sqlite3 module is Python’s built-in interface for SQLite, a lightweight, disk-
based database. It is ideal for small-scale applications and does not require a
separate server process.
CRUD Operations:
Create: INSERT INTO statements add data.
Read: SELECT queries retrieve records.
Update: UPDATE modifies data.
Delete: DELETE FROM removes records.
Advantages:
Lightweight and fast.
Easy integration with Python.
Self-contained database (single file).
Ideal for prototyping, education, and embedded systems.
Example:
python
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import sqlite3
conn = [Link]('[Link]')
cursor = [Link]()
[Link]("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Students (ID INTEGER PRIMARY
KEY, Name TEXT, Grade TEXT)")
[Link]()
[Link]()
sqlite3 is a key tool for developing data-driven desktop apps using Python and
Tkinter.
5. Steps to Integrate Database with Tkinter Application
Answer:
To integrate a database with Tkinter:
1. Connect to Database:
python
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import sqlite3
conn = [Link]('[Link]')
cursor = [Link]()
2. Create Table (if not exists):
python
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[Link]('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Students (ID INTEGER PRIMARY
KEY, Name TEXT, Grade TEXT)''')
3. Insert Record:
python
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[Link]("INSERT INTO Students (Name, Grade) VALUES (?, ?)", (name,
grade))
[Link]()
4. Retrieve Records:
python
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[Link]("SELECT * FROM Students")
records = [Link]()
5. Delete Record:
python
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[Link]("DELETE FROM Students WHERE ID=?", (student_id,))
[Link]()
6. Close Connection:
python
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[Link]()
All these operations can be triggered by Tkinter buttons, entries, and
listboxes, creating a fully interactive GUI-based CRUD system.
6. Tkinter Application to Insert Records into SQLite
Answer (Code Example):
python
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import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
import sqlite3
def insert_record():
name = entry_name.get()
grade = entry_grade.get()
conn = [Link]("[Link]")
cursor = [Link]()
[Link]("INSERT INTO Students (Name, Grade) VALUES (?, ?)", (name,
grade))
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]("Success", "Student record inserted.")
# GUI
root = [Link]()
[Link]("Student Entry")
[Link](root, text="Name").pack()
entry_name = [Link](root)
entry_name.pack()
[Link](root, text="Grade").pack()
entry_grade = [Link](root)
entry_grade.pack()
[Link](root, text="Insert", command=insert_record).pack()
[Link]()
This app allows user input for Name and Grade, inserts the data into the
“Students” table, and displays a confirmation on success.
7. Tkinter Interface to Display and Delete Records
Answer (Code Example):
python
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import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
import sqlite3
def load_records():
[Link](0, [Link])
conn = [Link]("[Link]")
cursor = [Link]()
[Link]("SELECT * FROM Students")
for row in [Link]():
[Link]([Link], f"{row[0]} - {row[1]} - {row[2]}")
[Link]()
def delete_record():
selected = [Link]([Link])
if selected:
student_id = [Link](" - ")[0]
conn = [Link]("[Link]")
cursor = [Link]()
[Link]("DELETE FROM Students WHERE ID=?", (student_id,))
[Link]()
[Link]()
load_records()
[Link]("Deleted", "Record deleted successfully.")
# GUI
root = [Link]()
[Link]("View & Delete Students")
listbox = [Link](root, width=50)
[Link]()
[Link](root, text="Delete Record", command=delete_record).pack()
[Link](root, text="Refresh", command=load_records).pack()
load_records()
[Link]()
