2020 © Explain bow tp build an ER rade] -foy university with enttties department , fnstuctos, Student, and class. Thstuctss and Students belong to one. department only. clase cotth mang to Tashuctors ond Shdents velaléd to o x plain how many. elation - Ascune Suitable attst butes - 5 the ER model Gn be translated tnto wletfons - © ae the set operatins of welatonal alqebvay S Ing union (0), sek déwerence C-) and coss-pacduch 60 each, what Gn qe Say about the Grdtnality & thes thpak and oudput tudles. 1 ® 5 : Explain the betggexs lo+S © ae ae Dependency «state andl pove fxm KC firference sules, ® Expkan 2NF asd SNF hemel fone with etoroples ® Discuss the Remols Backup sgsterns ® Explain the ttme stamp base proboals . ® tow te dal ovgantzed th a hash-based tadex ! then would you Use a hash~based tndex 2 fa ee| ® Explain the deference between tho hash tndexes and Bt free fndexes. [8] © athe Be ta on Hitay & Datibnse Systems © Discuss the Deabase Wers ancl Adminisbebis & Detne the veladfon . Diffesen Hate, bi the welatfonal Schema and velatton - tretance- © Gre o tuple vebtional Gl the maximum Value fn velatfon ¥(A) oy, tulus expresston b find © Use and extn the popertes-cf Decnptns (i5] & /o DeFfeventile, Yio yelatim « hema. and selatfon fhsbance. | Dette the ams auty and Grdbalty ofa veladfon thal axe Domain, Gnebsainbs. 9 Bxplaty- ® discus abu ER model and ths oddittnad Rylures Oudob are the -fuction of DBA? Geplamn abit dHesent ypes of dbase. usasPe i; Illustsate about outex Joins walth example? © Belatn about nested questes ond Cowvelaled nested eis ® Flan the dftferences b% Tuple ¥elatfonad Glaus and Doroain’ velatfonal Glalus. © Dlecuss about Twyges and Aetive Dads. base © Detine functforal dependencies and explain how axe | plmaxy Key welled to FDIS ay © Plustrate about - Inclusion dependencies with examples © desathe the prapertics of Decomposition - bemmnstale with examples. O Explain about join dependenctes and eth novmal-tesr © Chak axe the tesuet th fmplementing lomicihy and dluraby lity 2 Discuss © TMushale Graweent exeaiion of ransackons with Ctomples © chat ose the dilaencd jy bash based trdetg onal Tice based tndextng 2 ® eplain abort the o@prizatjon of weeds fo led202} © what ts ER model 2 Draw on E-R Dfagran toe. any Banking System © hab tS Tugger % How to fnplemenk Tatggexs fn Sol ? ® whet & the deren Yi tuple veleton Glakis ond | domain velatfon Glaus 2 [al © whot & nesmabzadio ? colat axe the Conditions ee selon fo be fo SNF and BONE. whob is the deference by, BNF and BONE explain csith mie @ desavbe the Steps fh Crash veovery ARTES algottro © what ts trcextng 2 expla Bt trdex with example ® Ofscuss the welatton ship bya extendtble and (freak hashing [558.7 ©@ explain the allessing ® Database sexs @ Ddetabase administratoc © ptstinguish by, Supex Key 1 Condtdate Key peer Be a eelatton with Cormfled -@ define the -fen pamary fey ) foselgo Key, and Check Genstaints «How ake these expressed fr SOL? [isi © shat axe the appliaitons of DEMS 2 Lek all DDL and DML Gmmands + egith Sutbable - excornples - © what te DEMS? Dffferenbale bio tle systems and DEMS - 6 &xplein. fn hfe about DDL and DML ® discuss the additonal —Peotures of ER moctol » B Gxpoin “he Gotegatty’ conihamnts over weletions Las] © Gmment on the expresetve powes of @ Domain selotton) alalus : : ® Relatfona) abebwa. Es © Beploin cggreaale opercctrs aoith ample wertes ® tat & null athrbde 2 explain tts purpose© tohat te docorpotbion ? Discuss the prctiems webbed fo dec pesitfon © Gepbin thd chomal farm and Bene 6 chat fs meant by Schema wefine mend 2 explain Schema vefinement tf diahace design © cepbtn pasted and “fransifve dependendes ith an eample (a4) ® chat ts bck? explain Vawous types off bck! eth on examples - © Discus the purpose of Ling wemste backup spen Duel ® Ceploin the followin: = 7 ® TAM ® Ale asgantgedtfon and thdunth-2 | Dotibase system Ireotfons + A Aishoefcal perspective + 2 TD the easly days, Gompiles systens weve dlesigned to Manage data fo a hfexauchical % nagutgational manned Were dah “was stored tn a -Wwee-like Stsuclure- In the past, cata was stosed th journals, [thsaxles and filing G@binets , ‘taking up Space and making it deeercult to ind and’ back up- Fle Sys File system Vessus DBMS ? fp a § File System ; helps to Stose a collection of awd files of dota tito a haxd disk- DBMS: fe a software sysber, and ib helps fo sine, manipulate m wecover data. Types of DBMs: ? + Relational. data. base 3 obfest ovtented database f Hrexorchicol database » Netwosk databaseF Wajos types of ffle system 4 F dfstsrbuted -frle systera disk-based ‘fle systero Special “puspose. fle systeso Advantages of DBMS ? DBMs fs a Sofkwase too! ai ty cxeale and manage one & move databases - > offexs Gn cosy wa 4 to Cele o dla b > ule tables ene > setseve frformatfon > enhance data Doe rnodetfed and locked to prevent of ltcks 3 tesqe egohrrnes ef femprsbane of database Gp be _ stoxed fm one. phe the data ot applicabton) > loxge Volume. of. data > Multiple users Gn veod and modtey the Same ttme- « Segxthable and sostable., So the found qpuickly and 4 > Database oF dota yor need Gn be easilyData Dictto navy. Data Cotalog Meta da Manage hy of bale Meta dala Assets. S Nome —— Data ownership _ last mod fied [tsk of things The dala peo 6 la pw viding Set of velatfmal tables trftocmaton abou one Mose aspects of the dela query tow ae -fors tle Seen a delabase management syste (pems) Gkr USexs Gy query to vebreve dala date : = Dali bate > Gllectfon of Dali bag ba Setunte a. > pracy my sol, Sal wer B B + ne a Agtadon preter user B C, eth Joey 4 ce Stose. Dati fr Data. baseThe Datla model 2 Dala inodel descwthe how a database's logical >In DBMS Data models are essented brs Inbroductg absbractfon- > Dak. model specify how dala fs Inked to o€ anothey . > tells how dela handled and ctoxed sith the System - Exe products , Vendoss, Customers date model {san abshyad whose. there (561 p.m mn a es e | my eae Sepasation bia Hetty tuo erty) staced th the faam Oégpnise & cts § Schema, § | ts-tra0 thab- oa objects te dala, shod fn, the amounb of Hr The dita § dala .o database nity tsa See fae data} velatfonship ts The bogie) dala. HEN the a] SEPMAS OFS Ni shred | Stoved together Anbles views §{n POspase Ytthe Daabase es single entrly sat el a d>[ Oa [a at Shine,cao / Gnceptual phy sia) { Model fng Modeling . Bus{ness | Yq rawenents | Gathestng- Sigrtflance of Data modeling. @ . undeystandtng business ‘segue ments * Robust chsign ‘elements 7 Gnsistency aCdOSs projects * Getter dala quality + [wer maintenane * Reuse of model § Ampaved pefosmane. * Create, (update. Dale base- 6 Reasons cohy you need o Dale model 2Data base useks § Dalia base adminis batoss 7 ~ tee te v & Datla. base Managing pata bases “1 pBm opesettes qa & Tools Changing Dala tr the Data base Data base admfnistratoss ts wespansible, ter matntoining.; Secustng, and operating database. and also wy Suses that dati ts Govectly stosed and velvieved + Developing » administeving and maintaining databaseg * Detaxmnining the puspase and ype of the dala base heeded by a CorMpany- “ undeystonding the sequarmens fos dala Storge. Designing the database. axchftectuse, + Dexigning the -fannat and shuchuse of objects present (n the dale.base. | 7 Assigning Sex ‘wfg hts. * Ensuxes design, Gneistency » qualiby & Secust ty “Approve m Gncel database Wer factlilfes Database users : + fictoss on the Scene: They actually use and Gnbool the dafabase Grtent, and design, develop and maintain database appliatens “Dalabase admintstratoxs + Database Designeks * Sofware engineess * End— users = * wovkers Behind the Scene : * Those who design and develop the DBMs SoP hase and %eledfr related tools % System desig nes L fonplemenibexs + Tool develo pers . Operator s Lb Mainkenanc@ pexsonne|Ta ms + DBMS fs Glleclon & Data FS not veayuived fo wet procedure + Te glues an abstrack view of dala and hide the. details + DEMS Protects the wsex Peven the Syste +riluse, Good protection » Secuatty “ Gnwurcent users - Q logically related date “ménimum data duplt offen “Wo -Redundan * Unauthostsed access fs vestced f DBMs . provide Backup and veo very * efficiently . steve, vebsive J update the dala - “DBMS G cvenales. both & physical ond logic) gues the data ; seoxtking fast ARB J File System The USeH] «file fs Gllection Of Dalé-, the Dittexence by fle Syston 2 DBMS ues has to uxfle proadure to dala base. mony PTE provides the debails of te data vepresenitatvon “and storage % dato. PTE system cashes ; the Gatent of ile aaill be lost.- "NO Secusthy fos database * OMe. oher afte Hme + Unvelated data - * Dal dupliatfon * Redunclancy 15 not Grbwoled. “Wot tm fle system. + No Backup , bat dala not seover “at fe detfiall to update tha data» «File Systoo 6 exdinates only the physio cet: a, mumedy, not + Seaxching Si viphzed 2508Applitfons ef pas 2 . Rally way sesexvatfon system . Mannfactutthg- “Human yesouve managment . [rbvarg manages + online, hopping a System - " Finance i * Te Gmmunlatfon . * Socia) media steg * Gedtt Cord tyansactton * Ceducatfon Sectors . Banking. DBMS Dla base SQL Served Oxade unshuctuved My SOL web (og social nod Sites; whe level of abctyactten fn Dems 2 Admin useX —_nbegisteted sey” Regist usex has, only tmited Yecilu¥ea hos full access to has no access chil. base ele, ib ecass the lalg bose Ss 2 leveb. : 1 ogial schema 5 cleseabes what chia ts shoved § teloltonship exist among those data - fntexna} Schema, descatbes phystal level how the data fs actually | Stesed on Haxd Dfsk. pee] Database, which es wesponaible, Dal Base. for managirg and maining efferent types of data.- » External schema, has» highest level of abstraction pati on be Cuslornigect at this (wel. * multiple views for sfigle. dela base —Dela tndependence 2 att allots chang ing the scherna ot one level woithouk the eed to change the Schemo at anothes (evel: = Th fs a tea that genevalid and Slased dala should be Kept Sepeacts from appltcatfons that _use_the- dala for Gmputtha § presentation. > There axe two types of data fndependence ® physial D* bye! Sata todependence. Ded _frdepenclence gure otagan) , Secoolony pital > Applickions (elated trom how data fs sfeuctrse and Shrsed,I ak Shouduse of DBMS 2 hited General USES AP Query , Dala base 4 ‘ppltction Porgrasss DML Chala, manipulation language) Gwmad th SOL wepresents a GllecHlon of prrpraroming lonquage Used to make, daanys tn Dela base, Using InseRT, SELECT, UpbaTe ¢ DELETE Gmmonds “DDL (Dal Definafon languose) fs a seb of SQL Command Used to citae, modtly and dele datnbase shuctures but nok cati.r Th fe used to dedne the Studure of DE. DBA Coat Rase admisntstratoy’) + 1k te wetponsible tox mraintasnlng SeGuxtng ond opekattg data. base and alSo ensures that, data fs Garectly Staved and vebteved .1 Risto . Define the welation 2 Dtfferentfale by yelatfonal Schema and wlatfona) Instance 2 wee Relatfon : In DBMS, tha set of Tuple's shaxings tha. Sama atbsbules, Shows the dala velatfon. otttbule , Held, lon. student purse. Cid | iCnamy Hm jTiple iy | bstance : Re Gllection of frfoemotion clawed th the database of the foxtalax time f Known ag tetance Schema: ctracture of Data base fs Known as esac _ | _fnshance visual “pe sentation | pal closed fa database. woe database whic fs a set of| frartfculoa Hine. tiles that. govern a DB oatnal clesctptfon % the | Seb of thfasmation. stosed fn aw ductuse of the database daliibase at a poxtieulow teme- Does not change changes. frewently frequentlyDea base destgn 2 3h fs a Gllkctfon of steps thal helps creole » (implement and Maintain o veo base. ba dala base System - : The. destan pwdcess Gnsists of -fallowstng, steps * Deexmine the purpace of yous data base « find and oA anize the tnfarmactton eqputves + Difde the Infematfon nto tables Tun trfemattion tems tbo Gluons * Speuty prtinaxy Keys, Gnstyaints, ats bites ce-—~ * Sch up the thle yelatfon ships * Refine yous desfgn . = Apply the. nosmaligation wules . and load tn 4 . Testing, * physcl 9 Cay sat § ted)Database 2 what fs entfty fo thal fs sloved tn the data base 4 A plece of data [entity | (student. | ae Tee = nN _— atta) tater Garg) — Cont? fo DRMS ? Entfty Relatfen.ship (Er) dfag yor 1s solution ships FG > ER fs a deg var that vepresen enfitles fn a data base. > ER dfaguam plays crucial sole tn desig data base- > Today's Bushess wosld previews all the cemancled by the gels tn the fom of on ER Symbel Yelm [_] ety ©/& wires O felaitfon ship on CC) acthybuile ( ed ears ee Prinany Rey, Sige eS ugak entthy Values abt bule. cos “yeak, Yelotfonship ning phe ~sequtemests DlagyeER - Diogo a) — & Chea 4-0) po ne ») a 2 / / | we i Gn on ~| poets | | “Types of Atbtbules tr ER moded a 0 sie raid Nis es) | © Shiple vs Gropost atbtbules 2D Ga @ Stoced Ve Derived Altofbubes GD ay ED © Key vS Nonkey Attrbules Confqne) Grae) © Reguised ve optfenal atttbules “265Degree of velatfon ship Coasdtna ity) 2 Tyres of velatfon ships fy ER role 2 > Treve ase one -one lation 4- many yelatfon many~ one elation ok Many bo many xelation, eltonst unary (ray =Hobgue-m [Department PE Did b Dr 03 Dy Ds ® ore to oe Selatfon PR either dm poy. Goethe Hoa nl Goddale key pe rh te untyve Koy Eortaaes, ie Ge Radha No > Rolt doy vole td, phone No: Pairnasy Key gnique + job NULL xr Efd Grn posit Key ¢ (eta, D'd) tosalan Key : sefexen@ from potmasy Key - Born Gnstrank z. Bd Game, age, a eeGne to many: pK a) Cfd__jcnam:| dang fo my: ™ n — [Siok dy, —* fesse entity seb: fsa Set that Gllectively ssepresorts ae group of entitfer of a sila type: xr erithy set student fobl,)Relationship Sets fn DBMS 7 (eS » bnady relalfonship Set [Sas —y> {ERT sigry vlatrship Seb Texney Ralattonshtp eb. B= Relation dap sebbe PR Addttloral features of ER- Magram? Hore would med addttfone feoctutes for the ER lager to ssepsesent Some. tmpostant properties of entthes & than relationships “with other enter * They aye Cafque +: hob Wow Key Grchainks Cprinaiy Rey, con) > fescign Key Crefers tom play ty) > leak ently Can ently that cannde be. unigyely- tdenlt tied by ifs alttbuls. alone) > Class hiewachy; parent chtld velattnship, a dass Gn be ckutved hom another dass olfon Concept ? the proess by which eniftfes are Gombfned to farm a single meaning fal . enltty.eeGoshaints: are the guilelines , maintenance of dala Such that the data attthdes Should be oniquely (dentf fied iF nkgetty_Grshaints : axe pre-defined set of THA that axe applied on the table - Such that data tntegatty not effectesd Ry are Y type: + Domain Gostyamnt s antoce valid attrbules valve, exclude NOLL Valves a ee Tp | Custdowe | Age «ently lotegetty Gnsteaint + -[ a 2 & 20 g ple} Via Gosh be dull. » Refevental loiegetly Grshaint « Feveign Key. favelutig two welaion - * Kay costal piinary key + Gonchar: axe used. to Specify rule far the dats fh a table - 2 Th enfosces fits to the défa type of dal than cn be Inserted updated /yeleted om table,Alber nate Fey qd 20/123 190 @& 21 fir) 23 aug “saper kay! ts = cerobation of Glunns teat eye det fies ang OW usith fy a zeletfonal rronagrent system (RoBms) table - chia. basel= Entasclog “Integrl Gonsbeainks - 4 q | > Gach DBMS Should have means to vesolve frvaled entates such as what happens te an entiy dup! entexed? what should be done tk an entay of ~ toselgn Key ts deletéol 2 = Whab hoppers when an rates « Key orby v twioltd enfsy Fs enfereal ? 25 Tnbprtly Gnstyaints axe Speciffed when o sselatfon fo Cfeated and erfosced when o elation Ce modrhied. - Vtolecting the prtimasy ey Gnctyaint, the transaction will be, rejected. Ss ATnsexting a tuple with an existing Sid - Br spepeh Tho. what chocld bedone tf oStedent tuple fs deleted 9 «alco delete. all enrolled tuples thar defer to thQuesy Ing elatfonal Data 2 “A Relotfonal cata base query 18 % questfon about the data , and the answeX Gnvists of & New yelalfon Geituinfng the wesult - oA quest language fea specaltged language tae uxsting ques es - * SQL ts the most. populax Gmmetcia) qyuatt- language foe the -welatlonal DBMS ee SOL [Gilet StdenbID From Student, Apply those student ID-= Apply TD And GOERS] and Gllge= (Stash Quaky tn +tigh level language asl oh thee Hg Sessa Se eS