Oarho Chapter 3 Chapter 3 | Class 9 | Physics To Download Notes visit oa NY 9Z 4 ||We go on adding more weigh small steps, a stage will come when the block star in the pan one by one in iding on This is ic friction that is al to the total weights luding pan. When the block is sliding, friction still exists, It is known as kinetic friction. Explain the effect of friction on the motion of vehicles in context of tyre surface and braking force. the limit of . Tyre surface: To move a vehicle on the road as well as to stop a moving vehicle requires friction between its tyres and the road. For example, if the road is slippery or the tyres are worn out then the tyres instead of rolling, slip over the road due to lack of friction. If road is dry and tyres are not worn out-then vehicle will not slip and moves smoothly on the road and also can be stoppa easily due to friction between tyre surface and road. Braking: When we apply the brakes the brake pad presses with the brake drums. The force of friction between the brake pads and the brake drums stops the wheels. This braking force stops the vehicle. A 10 kg block moves on a frictionless horizontal surface with an acceleration of 2 ms-?. What is the force acting on the block? Given Data: Mass of a block Acceleration To find: Force F=? Sol: = 10kg By Newton's second law of motion, F = ma Putting the values, F = 10kg x 2ms? = 20 kg ms? = 20NGa FO a ne emt j/ I Example 3.2] ‘A force of 7800 N is applied to move a truck of mass 3006 j, Find the acceleration produced in the track, How long witt it take to accelerate the truck from 36 km he! to 72. km br speeqy Given Data: Mass of truck = m= 3000 kg Force applied = = P= 7500.N To find: Acceleration sae? Initial speed ==, = 36 kmbr! n _ 361000 pine 60x60 s 72x 1000 m. =y,=72 kmh! = ———_ =20 ms? Final speed v,= 72 km B0x60s Time et=? To find "a": By Newton's second law, F = ma F or a= m 7500 N Putti = =25 ms? iting the values, a 3000 ke 2.5 ms To find "t": A Now, using first equation of motion, Vp= vj at V,-V, or tet , a 5; ms" 10ms" Putting the values, t = Stina” = Oro, = 2.5ms Example 3,3 A bullet of mass 15 g is fired by a gun, If th . ¢ velocity of the bullet is 150 m s*', what is its momentum? ae Given Data; : Mass of bullet =m= 15g=0,015 k Velocity of bullet’ =v = 150ms" .[Example 3.4 Momentum =p=? Sol: Using the formula, p = mv Putting the value, p= 0.015 kg x 150ms™ or p= 2.25 kg ms™ A cricket ball of mass 160 g is hit by a bat. The ball leaves the bat with a velocity of 52 ms“. If the ball strikes the bat with a velocity of -28 ms“ (opposite direction) before hitting, find the average force exerted on the ball by the bat. The ball remains in contact with the bat for 4 x 10s, Given Data: Mass of ball = 160g = 1 kgh 16x 107k me 108 “i000 8 . Initial velocity | v;=-28ms Final velocity v= 52ms! Time of contact t= 4x 10s To find: Average force Fs? Sol: F=ma pe Ma t . “a,_,{ 52ms Putting the values, F =16%10 SS ed aay | 52+ 28)ms"! = 16x 107g] ©2%28)ms~ Fe 16x ue 4x10 4 2. . wo gma? 4x10"s F=4 x 80x 107?kgm/s? F = 320 x 10kgm/s* F =3200N NNEn) Crt, | t of mass m, is fired by a gun of mass m,, Find the A baile velocity of the gun in terms of velocity of bullet v, just after firing. Solution: Before firing, the velocity of bullet as well as that of gun was zero Therefore, total momentum of bullet and gun was also zero. After firing. the bullet moves forward with velocity v, whereas the gun moves with velocity v> According to law of conservation of momentum, Total momentum before firing = Total momentum after firing Putting the values, 0=m,yv,+m2¥) ByYg S =Y, -m,y, or 4 ‘of mass 3 kg moving with a velocity of 5 ms“ collides with a stationary ball of mass 2 kg and then both of them move together. If the friction is negligible, find out the velocity with which both the balls will move after collision. Given Data: Mass of first ball =m,=3kg Velocity of first ball before collision =v, = Sms” Mass of second ball m,=2kg Velocity of second ball before collision = v, = 0 To find: Velocity of both the balls after collision = v =? Sol: * Total mass of balls after collision =m,+m, By law »f conversion of momentum, Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision or m,y, + mv, =(m, +m,) v Putting the values, 3kg x Sms!+0=(3kg+2kg)v 15kg ms! =Skg xy v =3ms! ———_———————————Numerical Problems. St ATO Kg block is placed on a smooth horizontal aurface, A horizontal force of § N ts applied to the block, Find: (a) the acceleration produced in the block, (b) the velocity of block after § seconds, Given Data: me Lk FeSN To find: @ as? (b) vp? t= 3S sec vi=0 Sol: (a) F=ma nae m any 10 a=0.5 ms? (b) ve= Vi tat ve= 0+ (0.5)(5) ve= 2.5 mst Result: Acceleration produced is 0,5ms*? and velocity after 5 see is 2.5ms"!, 3.2. The mass of a person is 80 kg, What will be his weight on the Earth? What will be his weight on the Moon? The value of acceleration due to gravity of Moon is 1,6 ms*, Given Data: m= 80 kg Be = 10 ms? Bm = 1.6 ms? To find: Weight on earth = w. =? Weight on moon = Wy, =?Verda Acapeni Sok: 3.3. Sol: 3.4, To find: TES We = MBe We = 80 * 10 We = 800. N Now, Wm = Bn Wm = 80 * 1.6 Wm = 128N : Result: So, weight on earth and moon are 800 N and 128 N respectively. What force is required to increase the velocity of 800 kg car from 10 ms“ to 30 m s™ in 10 seconds?- Given Data: m = 800 kg y= 10 ms! vp= 30 ms! t= 10sec tis? = MV =v) > ie p= 8000-10) 16 F=80(20) F=1600N Result: So, the force required is 1600 N. AS g bullet is fired by a gun. The bullet moves with a velocity of 300 m s”, If the mass of the gun is 10 kg, find the recoil F speed of the gun. Given Data: mass of bullet = m, = 5 g 3 m,=—— "= To00 m; = 0.005 kg Velocity of bullet = v; = 300 ms! Mass of gun = m= 10 kg”mer Sol: CParsiesD Recoil speed = y) =? my +m,v, =0 m,V, =—m,y, v= m, = 7(0.005)(300) 10 ¥, =-0.15 ms! Result: Hence recoil speed of gun is -0.15 ms-!, 2 An astronaut weighs 70 kg. He throws a wrench of mass 300 g at a speed of 3.5 ms. Determine: : {a) the speed of astronaut as he recoils away from the wrench. (b) the distance covered by the astronaut in 30 minutes. Given Data: - Mass of astronaut = m, = 70 kg mass of'wrench = m2 = 300 g : 300 ‘a m= 00. kg m= 0.3 kg Speed of wrench = v2 = 3.5 ms"! To find: (a) Speed of astronaut = (b) Distance covered = S =? t=30 min t=30 x 60 sec t=1800sec (a) my, +m,v, =0 mY AV} =o haar -00.3)8.5) 70dq Ql Toanweiors) GD __ (Pisin 1.05 ne a0 vy 0.015 ms"! ype b5 * 10? mst (b) S=y, xt S= 0.015 * 1800 S=27m Result: The speed of astronaut is 1.5 * 10 ms"! and distance travelled is 27m. 3.6. A 6.5 X 103 kg bogie of a goods train is moving with a velocity of 0.8 ms“, Another bogie of mass 9.2 x 10° kg coming from behind with a velocity of 1.2 ms“ collides with the first one and couples to it. Find the common, velocity of the two bogies after they become coupled. | Given Data: 4 ‘ =6.5 x 10° kg ='6500 kg =0.8 mst im, = 9.2 x 103 kg = 9200 kg v2 = 1.2 ms?! To find: Common velocity = v=? Sol: By law of conservation of momentum. myy, + mv) = myv + mv myvy + mgVv2 = v(m) + m2) MV) +MyVy m, +m; 6500 x0,8+9200x1.2 6500+9200 1,03ms!! =v , the common velocity is 1,03 ms-!, ——eemeeeneeennint ne a:37 A cyclist weighing 55 kg rides a bicycle of mass 5 kg, He starts from rest and applies a force of 90 N for 8 seconds. Then he continues at a constant speed for another 8 seconds, Caleulate the total distance travelled by the eyelist, Given Data; m= 55 kg m= Skg Total mass = m= my + my m= 55kg+Skg m= 60 kg yed F=90N tr =8 sec t) = 8 sec To find: Total distance = $=? We will find distances for first 8 seconds and the for next’ seconds say S; and Sp. : Now, F=ma maleetl m 60 a=1,5 ms? Vp= Vj + aty ve=0+(1.5)(8)= 12 ms" Now, for 'S;' S, = vit, +dacty? 2 8, =0x ara +5)(8)? 8 Fxl.5x64 S, = 48m. Now, for S2 speed is constant So, S.=vpX to S$. =12*8 S$. =96m M Se ee3.8 And S=S, +82 : $= 48m +96m S=I44m Result: So, total distance travelled by cyclist is 144 m. A ball of mass 0.4 kg is dropped on the floor from a height of 1.8m. the ball rebounds straight upward to a height of 0.8 m, what is the magnitude and direction of the impulse applied to the ball by the floor? Given data: =0.4kg hy =1.8m hy = 0.8m = 10 m/sec? To find: Ap = Impulse = ? direction of impulse = 2 Velocity just hitting the floor (at height hy) 2ghi = ve —v? 2x 10 1.8=v?e-(0? 36=ve V36 = fu? : r= 6m/sec ball is moving downward Velocity just after rebouncing (at height ha). As ball moves upward so, vf =0 2gh2 = v/?— vj? 2* 10 x 0,8 = (0)?-¥;? _ 716 =-y;7 16 =y;? vi? =4 ms"! As direction of motion of ball is changed after hitting the ground, So we will take one of the velocity -ve to show opposite direction, Let vi2=4 mst AV=Vp- Vj Av=6~(-4)39 Sol: Now, AV Av Od *10 mst Ap = Impulse = mAy Ap = Impulse = 0.4 10 Ap = Impulse = [Link] Result} impulse is upward. So, the magnified of impulse is 4 Ns and direction of the Two balls of masses 0.2 kg and 0.4 kg are moving towards each other with velocities 20m s~' and 5 ms~ respectively. After collision, the velocity of 0.2 kg ball becomes 6 m s“', What will be the velocity of 0.4 kg ball? Given Data: Before collision: my = 0.2 kg m= 0.4kg yy = 20 ms! v2 =45 ms"! After collision: vy'=6 ms! To find: v=? (Negative sign show opposite direction), According to law of conservation of momentum. Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision myV, + MyV2 = myVy' + m2v2' myVy + mgV2— myV,' = m2v2' mV, +m,V,—M,V," = Vy m, eo (0.2)(20) + (0.4) -5) = (0.2)(6)._ 04 : 442-12, tsa feyy 0.4 . v, = ge 2°04 vy, = 2ms-! Result: The velocity of the ball with mass 0,4 kg is 2 ms”.