ome a ’. & a 2 b. © a Pop Sampling Methods and the Central Limit Theorem 08 - Chapter 8 Sampling Methods and the Central Limit Theorem 303 Louisiana, 5155 S. Main, 3501 Monroe, 2652 W. Central ill 30 Dixie Hwy, 835 S. McCord Rd, 4624 Woodville Ra. Answers will vary(LO8-1) Children’s Hospital Medical Center, St. Francis-St. George Hospital, Bethesda North, Good Samaritan Hospital, Mercy Hospital-Hamilton Answers will vary Jewish Hospital-Kenwood, Mercy Hospital-Anderson, Good Samaritan Hospital, St. Hactnee Medical Center-North unit, Emerson Behavioral Service. Shrinen ae. Institute Answers will vary(LO8-1) Bob Schmidt Chevrolet, Great Lakes Ford Nissan, Grogan Towne Chrysler, Southside Lineoln Mercury, Rouen Chrysler Jeep Eagle Answers will vary ¥ark Automotive, Thayer Chevrolet Toyota, Franklin Park Lincoln Mercury Matthews Ford Oregon, Inc., Valiton ‘Chrysler(LO8-1) Denker Brett; Wood Tom; Keisser Keith; Priest Harvey Answers will vary 93 Denker, Rollie; 08 Green, Mike; 13 Keisser, David, 18 Priest, Harvey; 23 Smithers, Jerry. (LO8-1) , Sample Values Sum Mean 1 12,12, 24 12 2 12,14 26 13 3 12,16 28 14 4 12,14 26 13 5 12,16 28 14 6 14,16 30 15s Ha = 12413414413414415)/6=13.5 < Molt 12 + 14 + 16/4 = 13.5 They are equal. More dispersion with population compared ro the sample [Link] sample iews “ary from 12 to 15 whereas the population varies from 12 to 16.(LO8.3)“hapter O8 - Sampling Methods and the Central Limit A Sempte Yates Sum Mean 2, 2 24° °«6 3 3° 24 6 3 4 28 10 ; s 24 «6 2 ‘6 24 6 3 7 28 10 ? 8 44° 8 4 9 43 12 é 10 48 12 ° b. H=2Q+2+44+4485=4 Hz =(24+34345434345+4+6+6)/10=4They are equal, « naien lation is greater than that for the sample mean, penal an ths oni whereas the sample means only vary fromm 7, 3) a Sample Values Sum Mean 1 12,12,14. 38 12.66 2 12,12,15- 39 13.00 3 12,12,20- 44 14.66 4 14,15,20 49 16.33 5 12,14,15 41 13.66 6 12,14,15 41 13.66 7 12,15,20 4715.66 & 12,15,20 47 15.66 9 12,14,20 46 15.33 10 12,14,20 46 15.33 b. Hz ~ 12.66 +13.0 +... +15.33+15.33)/10 = 14.6 H=(2 +12 + 14+ 15 +2095 = 14.6 They are equal. © The dispersion of the population is greater than that of the sample [Link] means vary from 12.66 to 16.33 whereas the population varies from 12 to 20 Bes AeSn = - =< ‘Sarmpting Methods and the Central Linit Theorem crater 8 Values Sum Sample Mean «4 * 1 0,0,1 1 0.33 2 0,0,3 1.00 3 0.0.6 6 2.00 4 0413 4 1.33 5 O16 , 7 2.33 6 03.6, 9 3.00 7 01,3 4 1.33, 8 0,1,6° 7 2.33 9 03,6 9 3.00 10 13.6 10 3.33 b. My = (0.3341.00+...+2.33+2,33)/10=2 H=O +04 1+3+46)/5 =2 They are equal. The dispersion of the population is greater than the sample means. The sample means vary from 0.33 to 3.33, the population varies from 0 to 6.(LO8-3) ane 20 found by .C, b. Sample Cases Sum ‘Mean Rund,Wiu,Sass 3.63 12 40 Rudd, Wu,Flores 3,63 12 40 Ruud, Wu, Wilhelms 3,6.0 9 3.0 Ruud, Wu,Schueller, 3,61 10 3.33 Ruud,Sass,Flores 333 9 3.0 Ruud, Sass, Wilheims 33.0 6 2.0 Ruud,Sass,Schueller 53 7 2.33 Ruud,Flores,Wilhelms 33,0 6 2.0 Ruud,Flores,Schueller 33,1 7 2.33 Ruud,Wilhelms,Schueller _3,0,1 4 1.33 Wu,Sass,Flored 63,3 2 4.0 Wu,Sass, Wilhelms 63,0 9 3.00 Wu:Sass;Schueller 6,3,1 10 3.33 Wu Flores, Wilhelms 63,0 9 3.0 Wu,Flores,Schueller 63,1 10 3.33 ‘Wu,Withelms,Schueller 6,0,1 7 2.33- Sass,Flores,WilheIms 33,0 6 2.0 Sass,Flores,Schueller 33 7 2.33 Sass,Wilhelms,Schueller 3,0,1 4 1.33 Flores,Wilhelms,Schueller 30,1 4 1.33 « = 53.33 _ 9 67 H=G+6+343 + 140)6 =[Link] are equal.l lass rere SOON Mean = Nenberaflitemis —Probabithry 3 0.1500 3 0.1500 4 0.2000 4 0.2000 3 0.1500 3 0.1500 20 1.0000 More of a dispersion in Population compared to sample means. The SAMPIe ne, from 1.33 to 4.0,The Population varies from 0 to 6.(LO8-3) = 10, found by (51/312! b Cars Sample Cars Sample Sold mean sold mean 8.6. z 6,10 8 8.4 6 66 6 8,10 9 4,10 7 86 7 4,6 5 6,4 Ss 10,6 8 6.8 for population, 6.8 for sample means. They are identical aoeSAND THe CENTRAL UM 268 caper 08 - Stomping Methods and the Centra Lirait Theorem 63-60 " = =0.75 So probability is 0.2266, fou 5000 — ws 8 $0 probability is ind by 0.5000 ~ 0.2734, 56=60 __1 so the probability is 0.1587, found by 0.5000 ~ 0.3413 » 2D O43 | | 0.6147, found by 0.3413 + 0.2734.(L08-5) 76-75 5/V40 / 71-75 re f, = = 2.53 So probability is 0.0981, found by 0.4943 — 0.3962 / . _ The population is normally distributed and the population variance is known. ¢ _ 16,901 and 23.099, found by 20 + 3.099 (LO9-2) ‘ 4 1.44, found by searching the normal table for an area of 0.425. (LO9-2) s. & _ $20, tis our best estimate of the population mean. » ‘$18.60 and $21.40, found by $20+1.96($5//49). About 95 percent of the intervals similarly constructed will include the population mean. (LO9-2) é oe $18,775 and $21.25, found by $20+1.96($5/J64) bw ‘The confidence interval is based on the rd error computed by o/Vn. As n, the le size, increases (in this case from 49 to 64) the standard error decreases and the confidence interval becomes smaller. (LO9-2) 7 & ~~: 8.60 gallons ». 7.834 and 9.366, found by 8.62.5 wl ¢. 17100 such intervals were determined, the population mean would be included in about 99 intervals. (LO9-2) 5.294 and 6.806 errors found by 6.05 +1.96(2.44/./40) (LO9-2) % a 2.201 ob 1.729 © 3.499 (LO9-2) b 2.500 « 1,796 (09-2) ani the sarete Mean, “ ‘The population mean ls unknown, but the beet Your S ome te b. Use the distribution as the standard deviat!- Popolacon a sormally dled. & ot a ~ f09 - Estimation and Confidence intervals ‘The population mean is unknown, but estimate sample mean, we Use the 1 distribution asthe standard devieten we omen co. However, assume the population is normally distripwed. wee © 5 4 Between 36.235 and 53.765, tome by assis 20) 16. x ‘That value ie rstonable because is ina the imerval (Z09.3)) Between 95.39 and 101.81, found by 98.641 33( 55 i ra ‘Tio. about 90 percent of the imtervals constructed of similar size will include the population mean. (LO9-2) 14 Between 16.99 and 25.14, found by r10722.0n{ $2) ‘about 98 percent of the intervals 1S constructed of similar size will include the population mean, (LO9-2) a 0.8, found by 80/100. b. Between 0.722 and 0.878, found by 0.8+ 156. paao®). 100 © We are reasonably sure the population proportion is between 72 and 88 percent. We expect 95% of similar constructed samples to contain the true population proportion.(LO9-3) woo 0.75, found by 300/400. Z b. Between 0.694 and 0.806, found by 0.75 + 2s16{ P7879) \ ¢ We are reasonably sure the population proportion is between 69 and 81 percent. We expect 99% of similar constructed samples to contain the true population Proportion.(LO9-3) a 0.625, found by 250/400. | .625(1 - 0.6. b. Between 0.563 and 0.687, found by 0.625 + 27 9.625 — 0.825) a0 = } « We are reasonably sure the population proportion is between 56 and 69 percent. We expect 99% of similar constructed samples to contain the true population proportion. a (LO9-3) ws & 0.05, found by 15/300. 10.05(1—0.05) b Between 0.025 and 0.075, found by 0.05+ 16 0 €. No, the interval estimates the population defective is between 2.5% and 7.5%. percent Lane defective is less than 10%. (LO9-3) ye° ve Chapter 10 One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis Two-tailed, because the alternate hypothesis does not indi Reject H when z does not fallin the region from — 1.96 and 1.96 -1.2, found by z= 42750 67 J36) Fail to reject He, P= 0.2302, found by 2(0.5000 ~ 0.3849); There is a 23.02% chance of findi value this large by “sampling error” when H, is true. (LOWO-4) ns ®** One-tailed, because the alternate hypothesis indicates ter Reject H, when z > 2.326 nn gener Rw Groetion: 12-10 4, found z= ey GN 36) Reject H. and conclude that 7>10 ‘The p-value is close to 0. So there is very little chance H, is true. (LO10-S) One-tailed, because the alternate hypothesis indicates a greater than direction. Reject H when z > 1.65 21-20 1.2, found by * ” == S fe) Fail to reject H, at the 0.05 significance level. p=0.1151, found by 0.5000 — 0.3849. There is an 11.51% chance of finding a z value this large or larger by “sampling error” when H, is true. (LO10-4) One-tailed, because the alternate hypothesis indicates a less than direction. Reject H, when z< -1.96 215-220 ~2.667, found by z= Y 2° C5764) Reject H. and conclude that the population mean is less than 220 at the 0.025 significance level. P= 0.0038, found by 0.5000 — 0.4962. ‘There is less than 0.5% chance Hi, is true. (L010-5) He: (4= 60,000 Hy: ¢#'60,000 Reject H, if z<—1.96 or z > 1.96 59,500 — 60,000 0.69, found by z =""(5000/J48) . ince i, / P0490) found by 2(0.5000 — 0.2549). Crosset’s experience is a — — that claimed by the manufacturer. If the H, is true, the probability of finding more extreme than this is 0.4902. (LO10-4) oe Ae : a) , sanChapter 10— [Link] Tests of Hypothesis 6 a. My a2 Weed ». Reject M, if < 1.645 2.75 © “1.77%, by es 1.77, found by a 5 4. Reject M1, e. p = 0.0384, found by (0.5000 ~ 0.4616). We conclude that the mean wai less than three minutes. When Hq is true, the probability of obtaining a vain than —1.77 is 0.0384, (L.O10-4) ‘May % a He: #268 Wy W<68 b. Reject 4, if z<-1.65 © -2.0, found by z= $2568 V36 @. AY, is rejected «. P =0.0228. The mean number of DVD's watched is less than 6.8 Per month If Hq is true, you will get a statistic this small less than one time out of 40, or0-s) Ss & a He: 4S 80 Ay: “>80 b. Reject H, if z > 2.326 c 2.88, found by z = $84.85—80.00 $9.95, V35 a Reject, e P = 0.0020. The mean amount of tips per day is larger than $80.00. If H, is wv. will of obtain a sample mean this far above 80 about ohe time out of 500 iess (010-4) TE Reject H, when t > 1.833 b. soe anne G/V10) c. Reject Hp. The mean is greater than 10. (LO10-6) 26 a. Reject H, if << ~3.106 or # > 3.106 b. 1 AT 400 041 (6/W12) ~.e Reject H,, the mean does not equal 400. (LO10-6) i) He: #540 Hy: M>40 Reject H, if ¢> 1.763 > 42-40 _ than 40 per week “Gin °° Reject H, and conclude that the mean number of calls is greater Bin Be He: M2423 Hy: W< 42.3 Reject Hyifs<-1.319ia 10 One-Sample Teats of Hypothesis 40.6- 42.3 _ 3.095 '"@7Na) Reject Ho The mean assembly time is less than 42.3 minutes. (LO10-6) yy Lee yet W223 pr ww? yp, LY by Zee? a!. "10~ Onve-Sample Tests of Hypothesis Reject Hy if ¢> 1.833 5 1000 - #5 50,000 My: > 504 += $9,000 - 50,000 316 «20,0007 Jioy Refect #7, and in Wilmington is greater thay S00, ‘conclude that the mean income (L010-6) Ma ‘The Population of complaints follows a normal probability dise; mnie 'Stribution, ion of cos ity Curve ints, with Normal Histogram of Compiai Complaints b. The assumption of normality appears reasonable, c Ho:u> 154, git < 15 Reject Hit < 1.799 (3.5~15) ts =~4.46 (1.504729) Reiect the ruil hypothesis The mean number of Complaints is tess than 15, (101 S 15 Reject 1, if < 3.747 EN b ¥=17and 5 23,536 Ree =~1.897 3.536/, ‘S &; Do not reject Ho. We cannot Conclude Population mean is less than 20. d. ‘ween 0.05 and 0.10, about 9.065 LO10-6) 16g Reject H, itt < > 59, or1> 2.571 be ‘= oe i “2 & Reject H,. The Populatioy 4. tess than 0, ronal is not equal to 100 O1 (etween 9, 1 and 0.01) (L010-6) cGr ; ~_one-Sample Tests of Hypothesis 10- nee He SLA Hy: w> La Reject HM, if > 2.821 7 16-14, 22.928 * 9216/7 V10 reject He and conclude that the water consumption has increased, The . Rejsl005. There isa slight probability (between one chance in 100 nee oe ee nO this rise could have arisen by chance. (010-6) He: HS 2160 My: w> 2160 Reject H, if 1 > 2,306 18. 7 “ 1 2172A4=2160 _ 3.978 (9.3823/ V9) Reject Ho. The mean chlorine shelf life has increased. The p-value i ar is less than 0.005. He HS 67 Ay: u> 67 Reject H, if t > 1.796 = -825-91 -0.902 (s9.5/Ni2 Fail to reject HY, and conclude that the mean number of text messages i ‘ . _ Sages is not greater than 67. ‘The p-value is greater than 0.05. There is a good probability (about i . ee lity (about 18%) this could happen by 0. He wS53 Hy: w> 53 Reject H. if > 1.761 56.4-53.0 1 A 33 (3.7378 15), Reject H.. The mean number of surveys conducted is greater than 53. The p-value it b Gos, (1010-6) Pp is less than 21. 1.05, found by z= (9922 -9880)/ 400/100 . Then 0.5000 — 0.3531 = 0.1469, which is the probability-of a Type II error. (LO10-7) 22, 0.55, found by z = (10,078 — 10,100) /400/-/100 . Then the area beyond -0.55 is 0.5000 - .2088 = 0.2912, which is the probability of a Type TI error. (LO10-7) 23, Ho: “2 60 :< 60 Reject H, if z <—1.282; the critical value is 59.29. r=—28=00___ 3.629 (2.71N24) Reject H. The mean assembly time is less than 60 minutes. Using the sample mean, 58, as #4, the z-score for 159,29 is 2.34. So the probability for values between 58 and 59.29 is .4904, The Type Il error is 67 the area to the right of 59.29 or .5000 - .4904 = 0096. (LO10-7) % He: us 10 Hy: u> 10 Reject Hef x > 2.33 the eral value ie 1233a ‘Tests of Hypothesis " Chapter 14 Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis ‘qwortailed test ® Reject H, if z <-2.054 or > 2.054 » pn 1O2=99 re 2.587, found by Y40 50 & Reject He % 5 =0.0096, found by 2(0.5000 - 0.4952) (LOI1-1) e ‘One-tailed test, £ Reject H, if > 1.405 s Reet pa 2:67-2:59 O.75y | 0.65) 0.607 found by 65 50 & — Failto reject H, € p= 0.2709, found by 0.5000 - 0.2291 (LOII-1) 2 Het Hoe compar Hy: Hone compaise ‘Sep 2: The 0.05 significance level was chosen Suep 3: Use a z-statistic as both population Sep 4: Reject H, if z <-1.645 z= Standard deviations are known. 7.6-8.1 (2.3%, 29)" Step 5: -0.936, found by ao 35 Fail to'reject He. Step 6: Babies using the Gibbs brand did not gain less [Link] p-value is 0.1736 found 0.5000 - 0.3264 (LOI1-1) SnNTBS P-value 0.1736 found by ‘Step 1: Ha: He = py Hy: not Step 2: The 0.05 significance level was chosen Step 3:'Use a z-statistic as both population standard deviations are known. Step 4: Reject H, if z<-1.96 or z > 1.96 370-380 30)" |, (26)" }Goy" 26" Step 5: -1.532, found by 35 40 Fail to reject H (LOLI-1) Step 6: There is no difference in the mean number of miles traveled per month for PNC Ine. ‘employees at Cincinnati and Pittsburg. z Meleed ee ed So se eters arate tao 3 Use ny Spa Wren Sass meat Ho wo ye T5198 2 089 *"Ta2sy, a Steps 5. bed * pda tenon one conclude union nurses eam [Link] p-value is 0.0183, foung by 0.$000- 0.4817.(LO11-1) > . Reject H, if > 2.120 or t<-2.120 ae df= 10+8-2=16 =19.9375 a 1048-2 ee a T toa . 19.9375| ota) 4 Do not reject H,, © From the able we estimate ley, Value is greater than 0.10 and less value is about 0.175.L011-2) 9 020, wi Reeot Hy if > 1.697 or te~1.697 4f= 17+ 15-2239 3 mw AS~I12)' +07 =4, 15)? a a AE ODI) as a j= —350-342 — 1651 Ter zt 2 1s +5) Do not reject 11, the (-table ei bah ieee the p-value ig Beater than Value is about 0.109. (Lot 12)” mein Go tg PM Hp, ; Ploy Hb pean of HPowition Be at tm i en a fei aeons - NB & Pooled Variance #13 2023 “ORT soto a a evn ‘software we can find the p.a a one 11-Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis — 2=18.597)? +13 ~ 18.578) oD 88 6.091— 10.684 = 7 =-1.336 73.738| +41 12°13 step 5: Do not reject H.. ‘Step 6: There is no difference in the mean salaries of pitchers and position players.(LO11-2) Step HewSHy Huon Step 2: The 0.01 significance level was chosen ‘Step 3: Use a t-statistic assuming a pooled variance with Step 4: 2 _ AS-)05.5y +02-na8.1)? 7 = Ga N0S5y + G2 —a8.y? sips” iSti2 2 278.69 t= Do not reject Hy. ‘Step 6: There is no difference in the mean amount of time spent watching televisionbetween single and dual earner couples. (LO11-2) Step 1: Hyw,sp, Hypo Step 2: The 0.10 significance level was chosen Step 3: Use a t-statistic assuming a pooled variance with the standard deviation unknown. Step 4:df=6+7-2=11 Reject Ho if t > 1.363 s? = O=12.243)? + 7 -195.787)" _ 394 76 Step 5:,” 124+13-2 1425-1303 = 1.535 meee : estimate the 6: Fhe mean daily expenses are greater for the sales [Link] the /-table we = "p-value is between 0.05 and 0.10, using software we can find the p-value is about 0.076. (LOI1-2) ‘Step 1: HyyySH je sare 2:The 0.01 significance level was Sep des creas ing a jance with the standard deviation unknown. assuming a pooled v: Step 4: df=12+8-2=18 — Reject Ho ift>2.552 1-3Chapter 12 Analysis of Variance " from Appendix B.6(LO12-1) 90) ° 12-1) ' F> 10.5, where dfin i ject Hof ter att oe are 7 and 5 in the denominator. : 2204 found YF oe = 2.04 o pot reject He There is no difference in the variations of the two populations. (LO12-1 ) «og Hoif F> 9-15, where dfin numerator are 4 and 6 in the denominator. ‘ py Fae 229k found by: F = p= {Te = 2.98 po not eject He There is no difference in the variations of the two populations. (LO12-1) He =O Hy: oF #0? + PeferH, where F> 3.10 (3.10is about halfway between 3.14 and 3.07) 02? Fe 1.44 found by F =o 144 ol inti i Doset eject! He tis reasonable to conclude variations of the two populations could be the motse? Hy: >e eject He when F> 3.68 F = 1.24, found by F = G2 a126 5 Do not reject H,-There is no evidence the variations in stock 1 is larger than stock 2. qo1z-1) Hy:Treatment means are not all the same 1 a He: b. Reject H. if F> 4.26 c&d Source ss af Ms F Treatment 62.17 2 31.08 © 21.94 Total 74.92 1 . Reject Hy-The treatment means are not all the same. (Lo12-2) boa = Hy:Treatment means are not all the same Dv. Reject H, if F> 3.89 © ca df MS E 70.40 2 35.20 5.12 152.93 Total 14 % Reject Hy:The treatment means are not all the samme: (Lo12-2) 12-4° ii. 12. S899 Step 6: Step IL: Beidtuaas ‘Step 2: The 0.05 31 ‘Stop 3: Use a F-statistics Sep 4: Reject , if FS 3.89 Sep 5: Source SS df MS Step 6: Booey Boop > Chapeer 12 Analysis of Variance MTreatment meE08 a6 HOt at thy ‘ny MoiBaounrever ™ Hrvassin % Hons Orchant ‘The 0.05 siguiticance level wen Chosen Use a F-statistics MS F 14.18 4: Reject My if > 4.26 a 138.25 5 ‘soeee ss Treatment 276.50 2 97: Bror 87.75 9 12-2) Te meerlncomes ae ot lth ss forthe te tack of tnd : ‘HTTreatment means are not all tye ne = Haat = Mince ‘ignificance level was chosen “at F Treatment 22.932 11.45605.7325 Error 24.00 12 20 Reject ,a85.7325 > 3.89. | TNS neta nomber of hous speat at the computer are ot equal by indus, Hloies = bey = bey Ai Treatment means are not all the same Reject H, if F> 4.26 SSE=9.47 _. SS total = 116.67 SST = 107.20 Source ss ae F Treatment 1 2 53.600 50.96 Total 116.67 1 41s is rejected. A¢ least one of the means differ. Since 50.96 > 4.26, (x, ~¥,)£4/MSEG/n, +1/n,) (0.667 — 2.20) + 2.262Jf.052073 + 1/5) Gon, 7.467 1.69 [5-777, 9.157] Yes, we can conclude that the treatments 1 and 2 have di 012-3) erat pe fe = by ‘Treatment means are not all the same Reject H, if FS 3.47 SST = 46.96 SsE= 53.00° SS total = 99.96 ss df MS F Treatment 46.96 2 23.48 9.30 Total 99.96 23 Since 9.30 > 3.47, #4, is rejected. At least One of the means differ. & ~X)te, MSE(1/n, +1/n,) or (6.0— 4.25) + 2.08) '2.52(1/10, +1/8)6. asst of Variance ‘Total 78.00 Since 2.36 is less than 3.71, He 6: There is n0 difference in the mean number of weeks, i Seet the p-value given in the output. A p-value of 0.133 is sbove tbe sep pertively we to Navel, 20 we fail to reject the mull hypothesis. Regardless of the method used to ee . ose find there is no difference in the mean number of weeks.(LO12-2) qhehypotiesisis Hei = da Ay: At least one mean differs cme eral vale is 3.74 a the numerator dress of fredom it 2, Ws denominator degrees of freedom 14, and a significance level of 5%. Since 15.61 > 3.74, He s rejected. At least one mean rate of return differs. Sie Scent 7121 and -2.935 the mean rates of retur from wlty Wecks and retail stocks are different. witce O is between -3.066 and 1.121, the mean rates of return from utility and banking stocks may be the same. : stocks may Oe cen 2.060 and 6.051, the mean rates of return from real id panking stocks are different. (LO12-3) Hep =the Hy:Not all treatment means are equal Reject Heif F> 18.5 Hesdin = My = HoH ‘Not all block means are equal Reject He if F> 19.0 ‘ssTotal = (46.0 — 36.5) + «-- 35.0~ 36.5)" = 289.5 ‘SEI = (46.0 ~ 42.3333)" + -.. 35.0 ~ 30.6667)" = 85.333 SST = 289.5 — 85.333 = 204.16667 5)? + 231.5 — 36.5 + 29.5 — 36.57 = 76 SSB = 2(38.5 — 36. SSE = 289.5 — 204.1667 ~ 76 = 9.333 ss df MS F Treatment 204.167 1 204.167 43.75 Blocks 76.000 2 38.000 8.14 Total 289.5000 5 the treatments.8.14 < 19.0, 80 fail to 43.75 > 18.5, so reject [Link] is a difference in reject H, for blocks. There is no difference between ‘HyNot all treatment means are equal ‘locks. (LO12-4) Heth = th = bs Reject [Link] F> 6.94 Heb = Me = He Hy:Not all block means are equal Reject Hy if F> 6.94 SSToral = (12 — 86/9)? + ... + (8 ~ 86/9)" = 42.222 12-3CN 10 eee vee 19. + 060" = a 088 ow cape, . AB oy sve = OE foaese HITT oo a sem» 42.922 - 90.422 4 2 = ose femven ogee 44 difference mm ag . piers = PE ccc wc nye Tere herween blocks, "gute rnc for backs 7 Per bloat ipu2 1h, 2 he = ing fl © Sanenaen * mgs :Not all means are equal Wor al means equal” Mi Not all moans Romenase eject >» ere a we ANOVA table af be : 231.2667 37s = as 3 8.4333 13s 14 Som 739.73 but the null for blocks is noe the null for treatments is rejected, e SETS2 AAS oe ma or in means by shits, but not by emplayee. one For weatment imeiblocks = as =e Hota r= tans Ln dy HNet all means equal Not all means are eq Reject if F> 4.46 Reject if F> 3.84 ‘Here is the ANOVA table i dt MS F 2 29,0667 197 129 Treatment 58.13 Blocks 75.73 * 4 18.9333 Toul 251.73 14 1.97 < 4.46 the H, for treatments is not [Link], since 1.29 € 3.84 A fog mean number of surgeries by hospi Since 1 Siocks is not rejected. There is no difference in the day of the week. 012-4) Here is the ANOVA table; Source ss. dt Ms FP Sine 156.333 2 78.1667 198 a8 feight 98.000 1 98.0000 248 Oud! 36.333 2 18.1667 0.46 0.642 pa 764.000 17 vale ie (0:18) i greater than 0.05, there is no difference in the Size mets The elo for Weigh (0.181) is greater than 0.0, 1,00 significant interaction because the p-value (0.642) is greater than 005 124pannus af Variance a re comlet® table is: o ~Sowrce_SS_df MSF Factor A is Zz FactorB 25 2 Interaction 300 6 oe 600__48_ 12.5 foal 1000-59 1 values to test for equal means are 2.80, 3.19 reapec' Gierence in either the Factor A or Factor B means, fuoesls epectivay TOI me crit 2. “Intarsction Plot (data meena) for Sales a & : 7 ere appears to be an Fmoraction Salea using the UV-57 are better insic and beter », Two-way ANOVA: Sales versus ‘Machine, Position the D320 does boner wie Source ss DF MS F P Machine 16.333 2 8.167 072 0.502 Position 104.167 1 104.167 9.12 0.007 Interaction 457.333 2 228.667 20.03 0,000 Toul 783.333, 23 Since the machine p-value (0-502) is Seay than 0.05, it appears there is no difference in the mean sales ‘by machine. The p-valve for pos 0.05 indicating there is evidence that mean sales inside and outside are different. However, there is a considerable interaction between those [Link] is recommended. c T-statistics for the null hypothe: of the machines are: ee and 2 emt for the J-1000 snail be -2.571 - ; 2.716 ae sn6 for UV-57-Thus, at the 0.05 level of significance, you can conclude that D-320 does better outside SUV-57 does better insiwe “ 4c ansiyale of Variance we G22 waa peta reject My. There is no evidence the evn. Low2-) variation of the monthly sales for Sharkay is lees Boh & dh Ae Hy ‘Treatment equal » ~ My means * a= 0.05 Po Reject [Link] F> 3.89 wero © Treatment 40 4 3 , poe Toul 100 14° 4g. Reject He'The treatment means are not all equal, (1012-2) Herth = be b= He HyTrea equal . 2 i tment means are not all t aaoos ss Reject Half F> 3.10 o Sou MS ‘Treatment 50 3 5073 Le Toul = - 250 23 a Do not reject Ho. The treatment means could be equal (LO12-2) Source ss af MS F Treatment 320 2 160 8,00 Toul 500 11 . 3 e 12 e 4.26 Lo Heth = a= oo ‘Hy:Not all means are equal a Heise ‘The treatment means differ. (LO12-2) es ee Hy:Not all means are equal His rejected if F> 3.89 Source ss of Ms . a Total 91.73 14 Hz is rejected. There is a difference in the treatment means. (012-2) a Step 1:He:Hooent = Hie Ret = MCtonitran Hy:Not all means are equal Step 2: 5% level chosen for us. ‘Step 3: Use an F-statistic Step 4: Ho is rejected if F> 3.29 Step 5: Here is the ANOVA Table Source ss df MS Fo. ‘Treatment 127.1 2 63.6 3.04 Total 797.0 34 Pris not rejected since 3.04 < 3.29. Hi oor Toke is no difference in the mean Might PS 12-7“Rett fi een ni ejected nee pane vialy ee wens occa tore Paced eerie ion ORejec, ir P= 13 Z 2 Vine = 3.23 1 ~ (0,667) Reject ty, ii is "Positive coneiation between Passengers and £98t(LO13.2) 134— — yy coetion and Linear Regression ‘The seatterplot reveals a NOderate 10 strong positive relationship between the number poner Sn Me an Mc aa 3 70.08 2.722 0.0011 70.04 __-3.278__-0.0388 Jo.740,00151__0.1275 4 0.07 -0.278__-0.0089 ‘o-08 0.00008 0.0025 | 2 5.19 a (00036 ___0.043, 7 y 12 = 0.0789 13-5~~ — CO 1. Cerettin amtLinmer Regression 0.7784 -0.779 ere 27a uao hod Reject Hy if 2.583 é += 9278-2 4, M16 1 =(0770) Reject 77. There is a positive correlation between beers coneu, a> 2.702 306 pet 0.752 SDE. “e ee @-D@702K1. 30a : Sag $8) 363 2°95 8~(36355.6) = 3.769 = 3-767 + 0.36; / 2 pax rs 36. aes’ 7269) 3 3799) =~0.8908 e.— jon and Linear Regression jy coesion gressio a (0.8908) (3.3780) __ 1 4 . 1.7269 *TAYS = 10.625 ~ (-1,7425).4.875) = 19.1197 Y= 19.1197 - 1.7425X 6.9222, found by 19.1197 — 1.7425(7)(LO13-3) . = = oo & x] ov | (xX) | (r-¥) | (x- x) | (v9) | (*- 20-7) 12 9 2.9 1.6 8.41 2.56 : 464 9 7 0.1 -0.4 0.01 0.16 0.04 14 10 49 2.6 24.01 6.76 12.74 6 5 3.1 2.4 9.61 5.76 744 1018 09 06 O81 0.36 0.54 3.16 <1 <4 1.21 1.96 154 10 8 09 0.6 0.81 0.36 0.54 10. 10 0.9 2.6 O81 6.76 2.34 5 4.0 Al 34 16.81 11.56 13.94 i 7.0 2.1 04 441 0.16 0.84 or | 74 + 66.90 36.40 44.60 52 eee = 2.72641 . = 2.01108 po ——_ 4#8§ ____ = 0.9038 CO ~ 1(2.72641)(2.01108) 5 =(0.9038) © or = 0.66667 a =7.4-0.666679.1) = 1.33333 ¥ 2 1,33333 + 0.66667X ’. ¥ =1.33333+ 0.666676) = 5.333(L013-3)6176 09753677 _$1766 . paz 8 2 39,78959 = 57 6H3I04 139 789SES) ‘@ 975367739 78959) 2.19465 17.68364 = 61.1- 219465334) = —12201 P=-12.201 + 2.1946X ». 75.58, found by ¥ © -12.201 + 2.194640XLO1F-3) . 629.6 a2= nga 173.25) « 6= 0.673275 - 5617 0.0836 a. ¥ = 1.8507 + 0.0836(50.0) = 6.0307 ($ million)(LO13-3) = 0.673 501.10 5 21-8507 Ausets we be pe =116.13, (9-192. 11.6405) ~ ~°-04605 is “277 lite association berween the amount of funds a fund has and its eua — v ion and Linear Regression pcre 4 b= 70086051: S50... -0,0003033 0 = 23. ¢-0.0903937) 2045 «9.0108 . Daiarmann weer aeec ao =. b= 087442421 . -0.9596 a= 33 - 09596448 «29.3677 10.1957 found by 29.3877 — 0.9596(20) For each policeman added, crime goes down approximately by one and without any policemen just over 29 crimes would occur on average.(LO13-3) 1.968 =-0.544——— = -0.47! ae HOT e. x b 2734 9 an (Mar 11.179 6.389 found by 11.179 - 0.479(10) . For each additional year the car ages the value decreases $479.(LO13-3) © Ho: B2 OF: B< 0 dfn — 2=8 — 2=6Reject H, if f<-1.943 .96/0.22= —4.364Reject H, and conclude the slope is less than zero.(LO13-4) 1 HB 2 OHL:B <0 dfon — 2=12 —2=10Reject H, if t<—1.812 {2 -0.479/0.234= -2.05Reject H, and conclude the slope is less than zero.(LO13-4) dfn —2=12 — 2=10Reject H, if ¢ not between -2.228 and 2.228 i ‘and conclude the slope is different from zero.(LO13-4) H,: B2 0H):B <0 fen —2=9 — 2=7Reject H, ift <—1.895 Pe fp,00039/0.0032= -0.122Do not reject H, and conchide the slope may be more than zero.(LO13-4) : ‘The standard error of estimate is 3.378, found by. [68.4814 | . 4 is 0.76, found by (-0.874)", Seventy six percent of the The coefficient of determination ined by the variation in police.(LO13-5) variation in crimes can be explai 30 ‘The standard error of estimate is 1.732, found by 7575 2 “The coefficient of determination is 0.296, found by (-0.544)"So, 29 Pome the selling price is explained by the variation in the age of the car.(LO13-5) of the variation in 6.667 ‘The coefficient of determination is ‘The standard error of estimate is 0.913, found by jest i i can be 0.817, found by0.904". Just under eighty two percent of the variation in kilowatt hours explained by the variation in the number of rooms.(LO13-5)jent of determination, oefticl : ne © explained un a ates =" be expl by th, mgt 13 Colona 9.31 0" vaso eis 29" fine inat cent 0 ror or perc a The standard er ety BOIS? gst, found BY O° OT of cones 0: ‘nthe 1 variation 667 a P= 1000 [0.6 Py. * oss. tunt as go sag sound bY 5+ “VIS . us DF S00 7200 ‘Source Sam EB 1 goin aa 19 900 7, TBH = 6.308 6.3084 31820099945" 292 Te 3O* = 630843597 41.633 The interval is from 4.675 upto 7.94. ' . - ». 6308+ 3.182(0.999) 5 29-%1013-9) ; ; 751 up 0 9-8 This itera is from 2. pr, 0-8 875)" 6,9222 + 2.37007 go. a 692228 (2.447)0.6579F5 * 311-9) /8) =[4.5522,9.2923] 75) (7.0- 4.875)" _ 6.9222 + 4.6982 (LO13-6) b. 6.92224 (2.447). sem or [2.2238,11.6208] Bok 5200423060913.) + GPP" 25.333 1.039. ‘The confidence interval is from 4.294 up to 6.372. b (6—-9.1 5.333 + 2.306(0: sia fi+ ++ son = 5.3334 2.348. ‘The prediction interval is me 2.985 up to 7.681. (LO13-6) ce 75.5846 2.306(9.31),|1 4 (40 - 33.4)* Fe + UB144 = 75.5846 + 7.2959 ‘The confidence i imerval is from 68.2887 up to 82.8805. & 75, 5846 + 2.306(9.3 1) tag + Se 7 "oe miicion mea ney yg 4A 5.5846 + 22.6757. P 10 98.2603. (LO13-6) 13-10- anuranie Reet Analysis Chapter 14 Multiple Regression Analysis Multiple regression equation 2» G4,100 is the Y-intervept and Is the expected 2 SS ena 374,748 found by P = 64,100 + 0.394(796,000) + 9.6(6940) ~ 1 1 40016. OWLC14-1) ‘Multiple regression equation ® pe dependent, four independent so A regression coefficient 4 70.002 & 105.014, found by P we 11.6 + 0.4(6) + 0.286(280) + 0.11297) + 0.002035)(LO14-1) 497.736, found by Y = 16.24 + 0.017(18) + 0.0028(26,500) + 4203 % — 9.0012(156,000) + 0.19141) + 26.8(2.5) ‘ preors », _ Twomore social activities add more to satisfaction than the $10,000 increase in peome. An increase of $10,000 in income would add only 28 = 0.0028 10,000) vo he itex whereas 2 social activities would add 53.6 = 26.8(2). (LOM4-1) 2 30.69 cubic feet 4 & A decrease of 1.86 cubic feet, down to 28.83 cubic feet. > The regression cocfficients are negative a8 the data reveals an inverse relationship tenween the dependent and independent variables. The negative signs se logical as eemount of insulation increases and outdoor temperature increases, (he consumption of natural gas to heat a home decreases.(LLO14-1) SSE 583.693 = [SSE ~ |_583-.099_ - [Link] = 3.068 s 8 Sev FD YOS-2+) 95% of the residuals will be between £6.136residuals, found by 2(3.068) pee 77.907 _ 118 SStotal 661.6 ° -The independent variables explain 11.8% of the variation. SSE 583.693 ne&sd _, 652+) .y ‘SStotal 661.6 nal 65-1 = |_SS2_ [2647.38 _ 57.55 =7.59 f-™ seas” aes 32-G+)) 95% of the residuals will be between £15.17residuals, found by 2(7-59) eee ane oll z : ‘The independent variables explain 58.4% of the variation. 14-1 al s 4 =.911 = .089 (LO14-2) RyChapter 14 Mutipte Regression Analysis a SSE 2647.38 =@+) )__ 46 Rag et 1 Gas7.3 “a-t 31 = 84.998 + 2.391X, —0.4086X, soos cea octesteevsselavaanentily aa erg Hy: Not allfB's are 0 Reject Hef F> 3.15 Fe 4.14 Rejecth/,. Not all net regression coefficients equal zero = 1-462 = 5381014) G6 He Bi = Bi =O Reject H, if > 1.999 or 1<-1.999 eliminating variable 2, but with a p-value below 0.10 there is of a relationship and both could be retained. - ‘The regression analysis could be repeated with only X; as the independent variabie the estimates for b change dramatically however X,should be added back to the equation. (LO14-3) -987 + 0.12242X, — 0.12166, —0.06281X, 4: Not all B's are 0 table) or 2.417 (using software) Fail to reject the null for variable 1 and reject the null for variable 2. Could imi weak statistical evig:, +0.5235X, ~0.06472x, n=S2andk=5 He: Bi = Bz = Bs = Be = Bs =0 ject H, if F> 2.43 (estimated from the ) Teject H.. for Xs He: B,=0 153.92 ; Reject H, if > 2.015 or t<-2.015, Consider climinating variables 3 and 5. Delete variable 3 from origi i . le 5 from original 5 from original equation then rerua Of the variables. (LO14-3) spare results ‘0 see if estimates are sensitive to dropping any = 29.3 + 5.22 Aptitude + 22.1 Union ‘The regression equation is: PerformanceChapter 15 One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis . is rejected if > 1.645 0.75-—0.70 db 1,09, found by z= eas 100 Heis not rejected(LO1S-1) Hais rejected if z<-1.96 or z> 1.96 a » _2.24, found by z= 0.30=0.40 [0.40(0.60) 120 Hais rejected(LOIS-1) step 1: He: = 0-10 Hy: mt 0.10 step 2: The oot significance level was'chosen Sicb 3: Use the z-statistic as the ‘binomial distribution can be i normal Use ibution as nx = 30 > 5 and n (1-1) = 270> 5. approximated by te step 4: Reject He if z >2.326 (SF apg t~030) “fe 1040.90), } at 300) | We conclude that the proportion of carpooling 95, Reject Ho cars on the Turnpike is not 10%(L015- step 6: nD Step 1: Hot m5 Hy: mY Step 2: The 0.01 significance Jevel was chosen Step 3: Use the z-statistic a8 6 ‘pinomial distribution can be approximated by the normal “00/3 > 5 and n (1-7) = 400/3 > 5- distribution as 0% = step 4: Reject He if z >2.326 Step 5: 2 = {80 / 200 — 1/ aysv(o1s 3(2/3)/ 200) = 2, Fail to reject Ha Step 6: The proportion of ‘students with jobs is not larger ‘at your school.(LO1S-1) Step 1: Ho: 720.9 Hy: 60.9 Step 2: The 0.10 significance Jevel was chosen. Step 3: Use the otistic ‘as the binomial distribution can be approximated bY the normal Marribution as nx = 9075 ‘and n (1-%) = 1025: Step 4: Reject He if z <— 1.282 | =- H. si ‘z= (82 / 100 — 0.9}/<({0-900-2) / 100) ) = 2.67, RejectHe : Step 6: a 8 oon wane a 10 minutes. qos-) 1 He: 720.5 He m05 oa ignificance level Was . the normal The 0.05 significance Hy omial distribute can be approximated PY ; Use the z-statistic a5 Use the tae 20> Sand nC = 2° i; 15-1HAMM 1S cme. sample Teas of Hyponnestt = -04, Pail to reject H,, Step 4: Reject eee eas (05105) er has not changed.(LO15.1) Step 5: 2 = (48 / FF odons changing Step 6: The proportion of student Hy is rejected if > 1 oF 00 »’ 0.64, found by P, = 7954150 0.100 O30) < 1.61, found by 2 = G56) 90 36) 100 4. 4, is not rejected (LO1S-2) Has rejected if z<-1.96 or z> 1.96 : 0.80, found b; sss bv. .80, Y Pe = 7004150 2008 0.85 - 0.7333 870 found ey == Tes O30) , 0.800020) 300 * «150 a Hi, is rejected (LO15-2) Ho: Fpenct $= Tresion Ay Mae a . i gnit Jevel was chose! a : Use teem ate Eee distribution can be approximated by the distributions for cach population as n,7t, = 24, n,(1-m,) = 376, nx, = 40, and (leg, 360are all greater than 5, Step 4: Reject H, if z <- 1.96 or z > 1.96 24+40 _ 0.06-0.10 =-2.09, Rey Seep 5 a, Eg 70.08, z= [DaBNOS2) , (O.0BKOT + Reject H, ‘Step 6: The proportion infested is not the same in the two fields, L015-2) Step 1: He: Hstea2 Teariee Ay: am ‘Step 2: The 0.05 significance level was chosen ‘Step 3: Use the z-statistic as the binomial distribution can be approximated by the normal distributions for each population as ny = 1530, mi(1-m) = 1470, ng, = 2010, and a %) = 990 are all greater than 5. Step 4: Reject H, if 2 <— 1.645 = 1530+ 2010 i 0.51-0.67 ; Step 5: po 059,25 = le step 5: p, 300043000 0.59,z OsOaT : 7 12.60, Reject H, 10-59)0.41) |, (O.59K0.41) 3000 3000 Step 6: The proportion of women who think men are thoughtful has declined. (LO1S2) Step 1: He: MecamentSTrepebicen Ay: m>n, Step 2: The 0.02 significance level wee chosen = Step 3: Use the z-Slatistic as the binomial distribution can be approximated by the and nl 15-2¢ ‘i one-Sammple Tests of Hypothesis re _ Reject He if z >2.054 er * 1, 168+ 200g en Sap cins "0M f= 021-020 (0.2044(0.7956) , (0.20440.7956) “1m pail to reject Hy. foo 1000 4 here is no difference in the propor sie? © \wering the standards. rs Pe apertion of Demnoorsis and Republicans who favor 1: Ho: Mate Frames Hi Ty = 2 The 0s significance level was chosen % Use the z-statistic as the binomial distr , SteP ** Gistributions for each lation ee pana a i ecoere a gsO are all populatios i, (1m) = 280, afm = 150, and af . Reject He if z <- 1.96 orz > 1.96 120+150 97, = 0.30-0.25 step 5: Pe = EaS2 SB e ‘400 + 600 [(0.27)(0.73)_, (0.270.73) te 400 600 Fail to reject Ho. _ Failte is no difference in the proportion of married and si i accidents.(LO15-2) and single drivers who have « 3 b 7-815 015-3) a 5 b 15.086 (LOLS-3) a Reject Hof 7’> 5.991 0-20)? , 20-20)" , GO= 20)* .10= 209%, 20= 207", EE = 2 20 7 ~°~C«O aa0) . Reject H.. The proportions are not equal. (L015-3) a Reject Ho if 77> 7.815 > 2 2 20)" ee 10-20)" , (20-207 4, G0= 20% , 20 20)" 10.0 b. , 20 20 20 20 b Reject Ho. The categories are not equal. (LO15-3) He: The outcomes are the same Hy: The outcomes are not the same Reject He if 77> 9.236 5) 5° # Gy 4 P= = 7.60 are the same. LO15-3) counds played is not the s3ime that outcomes 5 Do not reject He. Cannot reject Ho for each day H,: Rounds played is the same Reject Hy if 77> 9-488CARPE 15 - One Sempte Team of Hypothets 21 h day. (Lots. ame for eac! 3) js not the $! i Reject 4. The number of rounds played There is difference Me Pg, ni tions He: There is no difference in the proport Reject 4, if 2's 15.086 47-40)", 4-40)" . 5,400 xe ar 7 proportions.LO1S-3) Do not reject H,. There is no difference in the oe ‘i not ReThe are the same H,: The proportions are Reject He if 27> 18.475 5 2 (6-109 60 GG=10)" |, A9~10)" , 6-10)" _ 94, eet i Reject H,. The scciseaui ee not evenly distributed throughout the day. (Loy, 5-3) a- Reject H, if 27> 9.210 (20-24)* , 0-12)" _ 5 59 b. + 2 72 c Do not reject H, (LO15-3) Ht: The proportions are as stated Hy: The proportions are not as stateg Reject H, if 77> 7.824 : P= LN=5O)*_, GO 25 , 0-25) _ 149 50 25 Reject H.-Proportions are not as stated.(LO15-3) #:The proportions are as stated 4,:The proportions are not as stated Reject H, if 77> 11.345 : : P= G0=25)" 00-75)? + G90=125)" | 160-2757 =115.22 25 75 125 Reject H.-Proportions are not as Stated.(LO15-3) H.:The proportions are as stated H,:The Proportions are not as stated Reject H, if 77> 7.815 = 165-150)? | 40-150)? 25-150) | (70-50)? 2 59+ A150" an woe 4.333 Reject H,-Proportion of viewers is not as Stated(LO15-3) ‘Ho: The population of clients follows a normal distribution. He The population of Clients does not follow a normal distribution. Reject the null if chi-square is &reater than 5.99], ‘Area Found by Fe 0.5000 - 0.4429 | 2.855 | Pe ee ee [ -0.51 up to 0.55 | 0.4038 [0.1950 + 0.2088 | 20.19 | Peers assupis ras to suet o950 0.2088 209 more. 0.0526 2.63