POSSIBLE QUESTIONS

1. Significant Findings of the Study

2. Data Gathering

3. limitations/weaknesses of study

4. Type of study

5. Importance of study

QUESTIONS COMMONLY ASKED DURING TITLE DEFENSE AND HOW YOU

SHOULD ANSWER THEM

1. Why did you choose this topic?

This might be the first question you will be asked, and you need to have a good response.

You should talk about the motivations for the study. Talk about the research problem you

wanted to address which made you embark on the study.

2. Briefly, explain what your research project is all about?

To respond to this question, you need to fully understand your research project. Basically,

be able to repeat your abstract.

3. What is the scope of the study

Here you briefly state the specific aspects of your project topic that was covered.

4. What is the significance of the study?

To answer this question, you will need to state how your research work will help other

researchers, educators, organizations(like the case study used), practitioners and

policymakers.

5. Did you bridge any gap from your study?

Here you should talk about how your study addressed the existing problems/concerns that

made you carry out the research.

6. What are your research variables?

This question is asked in order to find out if you really know what your research project is

all about. Explain your independent and dependent variable(s) to show them you really
grasp the concept of your research topic. Identify the variables in your project topic, define

and explain them.

7. What research methodology did you use?

This is usually the chapter three of your project report. To respond to this question, you

should briefly state the research design procedure you adopted for the research. Talk about

the data collection methods and sampling techniques employed in the research.

8. Why did you use that research methodology?

This is where you state the reason(s) for the choice of research methodology used. For

example, if you used the survey research method, you can state reasons such as: no
interviewer bias, cost-effective, it enabled you (the researcher) to collect information from

the sample without influencing the population of the study e.t.c

9. Why do you think your research is reliable?

To answer this question, simply tell your audience/panel of assessors that the threats to

research reliability (which are participants error, participant bias, research error, and

researcher bias) did not occur during the research. Or you can simply say that you made

sure the threats were reduced to the barest minimum.

10. Why do you think your research is valid?

To answer this question, simply tell your audience/panel of assessors that the findings from

your study can be generalized to other relevant settings, group or case study.
11. In what way(s) does your research project contributes to knowledge?

This question is similar to your significance of the study. You should talk about how your

research is aimed at addressing a problem that was not addressed by previous researchers

in your field of study. You should also briefly state how your project will advance

understanding in your research field.

12. What are the limitations encountered

No research project is perfect. It is common for at least one limitation to be identified. To

answer this question, talk about the weaknesses that were out of your control. You can talk

about how weaknesses such as the short time frame for the research, lack of research

studies/materials on the topic, lack of available data, the combination of lectures, exam and
project research, limited sample size and selection, e.t.c impacted the analysis of your

research data.

13. Which programming language did you use to write your program? (for computer

science students)

State the programming language and database used in the development of your

software/program. If you did not design the program yourself or you were assisted by a

friend or colleague, find out from the person which programming language was used. You

might also ask the person to give you a crash course on the programming language.

14. Show us how your software works (for computer science students)
Make sure you are familiar with how the software works. Also, be sure that there are no

errors in the software. Go ahead and show the panel of assessors how the software

functions. You can also show them some records which you entered previously.

15. What source of data was employed for the research?

Here, you simply state the data collection methods that were used in the study. You should

state if primary sources such as questionnaires, interview, observation OR secondary

sources such as textbooks, journals, articles, e.t.c were used. If you combined primary and

secondary sources, briefly talk about it.

16. What are your findings?

Show the descriptive results from the study in a convincing and clear style. Make sure your

findings refer to your research objectives/questions.

17. Based on your findings what are your recommendations/suggestions?

This is where you talk about the importance and implications of your findings from three

levels namely:

1. Research (various ways other researchers can improve or refine the study)

2. Theory (the new contributions that you are adding to the body of knowledge) and

3. Practice (how the information gotten from your study can make practice better, improve

the operational procedures, solve problems, improve policy making e.t.c).

Note: Avoid the temptation to make recommendations that are not supported by your

findings. Do not recommend based on your beliefs.

18. What is the strongest point in your project?

The duration of the defense might just be 10 - 15 minutes, as such the questioners will not

have the time to ask you about every detail. They will want to focus on the major ideas and

ask you the most important aspects of your research. Be ready to answer.

19. If you could change something regarding your study, what would it be?

The answer to this question can be gotten from the limitations of your study. You can give

answers such as:

1. Given the constraints (like the short time frame for the research or lack of sufficient

funds) I was working with, this was what I was able to do but if I could do more, this is

what I would have done.

2. In doing this I learned a problem with this kind of data collection. Next time, I will do it

this way.

20. What questions do you have for us

You can ask them if there any revisions they want you to make in your report. Ask them to

summarize the major revisions, so you can take some notes.

21. Do you have any closing comments

Thank the panel of assessors and let them know that the revisions/corrections that were

given (such as rewriting the conclusion, tables/graphs that are not in the right format,

something you said during the defense and they want you to include it in the report or some

other issues they noticed you did not capture) would be implemented and shown to your

supervisor.

In a project defense you are expected to:

- Present yourself as a scholar in the discipline and an authority on your subject.

- Cogently and clearly explain your work.

- Have a conversation with the panel of assessors.

- Defend any idea that might be disagreed upon. (That is why it is called a project defense).

Project Defense tips

1. Be academically, mentally and physically prepared for your presentation.

2. Practice, practice, practice. Rehearse several times with the equipment you will use for

your presentation.

3. Have a thorough understanding of the nature of your research problem.

4. Make eye contact with more than one member of the panel of assessors during the course

of your presentation.

5. Don't speak too fast. Talk calmly with confidence.

6. Bring a copy of your project report with you for reference.

POSSIBLE QUESTIONS IN YOUR RESEARCH DEFENSE. ©

CHAPTER 1

•What is the content of the Statement of the Problem?

• What is the content of Scope and Delimitation?

• What is the Significance of the study or research all about?

• If you will going to teach me to write Background of the Study, what are its content?

• How to write a reference in endnotes?

• What is the importance of your study?

• Who will benefit from your study?

• Define one of your study's operational terms.

• In research, what is the meaning of variable?

• What is/are the variable/s of your study?

• Who are your target respondents?

• Who are your respondents?

CHAPTER 2
•What must be the expected content of Chapter 2 of your research?

•List possible reading materials that can be included in related literature.

•List possible reading materials that can be included in related studies.

•What is the difference between local and foreign literature?

•What is the difference between local and foreign studies?

• Give me one of your related studies and describe the methodology used by the researcher

of that study(Different from your study).

• Give me one of your related literature and tell me how it is related to your current study.

CHAPTER 3

•What is the research design of your study?

•Under what type of research do you categorize your study?

•What is the definition of descriptive quantitative research?

•Educate me on what is correlational research.

•What is the difference between participants and respondents?

•Describe the population of your study.

•Describe the sample of your study.

•What sampling technique did you employ in your study? What is the meaning of that

sampling technique? How did you use it to choose your respondents?

•What is the difference between sample and population?

•Who are the respondents of your study?

•How did you compute your sample size?

•What data gathering procedure did you use in your study?

•What is a research instrument?

•What is the research instrument you used in your study?

•How do you think of the reliability and credibility of your research instrument? If

adapted, cite the author and his/her previous study.

•How did you ask permission to use this instrument?

•How did you conduct your study?

•What is plagiarism?

• How can we prevent plagiarism?

• Is it important to paraphrase/summarize?

• What did you do before you conducted the survey?

• What did you say to the students before you distributed the research instrument?
• What is Statistical Treatment of Data?

• What formulas did you use in your study? Why?

•So your study is descriptive research, how did you compute for the percentage of a specific

item?

•So your study is descriptive research, how did you compute for the average mean of a

specific item?

•(If the study is correlational) What formula did you use to find the relationship of your

variables?

•What is Pearson Moment Product of Correlation Coefficient? How to compute it? What

did you do to find the coefficient?

•What is the interpretation table that you used to interpret each data? Where did you get

it?

CHAPTER 4

•What are the contents of the Data Presentation and Analysis?

•How did you compute the percentage of a specific item?

•How did you compute the average mean of a specific item?

•What is the interpretation of each item?

•What is the dominant gender of your respondents?

•What is the dominant age of your respondents?

•What is the average interpretation of the respondents in/each variable of your study?

CHAPTER 5

•What is the summary of your study?

•What is the basis of the summary of your study?

•What is the basis of the conclusion of your study?

•What do you think are the possible solutions in your study? What are the solutions based

on the result of your study?

•What is your contribution to this study?

•There are times that there are misunderstandings in the group, what did you do as a

group member?

•If you would be given a chance to conduct the study again, what will you do? What are the

things that you will never do this time?

•If you would be given a chance to give yourself a grade based on your efforts and

preparation for this research paper and defense 1 to 10 (1 being the lowest, and 10 being

the highest), what would you give yourself? Why?

•What do you think are the other things you are lacking in this study and defense? How

would you improve yourself/your group?

Respondents’ Profile in Terms of Gender and Educational Level

Table 1 presents the respondents’ profile in terms of gender and educational level. Gender

was categorized into male and female. The educational level was categorized into elementary

level, elementary graduate, high school level, high school graduate, college level, and college

graduate.

As presented in the table, majority of the respondents were females which consist of 187

or 62.83%. Males were only 113 or 37.67%. As to the educational level, more than half of the

respondents were college graduates with a frequency of 64 or 21.33%. Only 32 respondents or

10.67% were elementary graduates.

Table 1
Respondents’ Profile in Terms of Gender and Educational Level
n =300

Profile Frequency Percentage

Gender
Male 113 37.67
Female 187 62.83
Educational Level
College Graduate 64 21.33
College Level 59 19.67
High School Graduate 55 18.33
High School Level 36 12.00
Elementary Graduate 32 10.67
Elementary Level 54 18.00

Respondents’ Healthcare Utilization in Terms of Preventive and Curative Services

Table 2 shows the respondents’ healthcare utilization in terms of preventive and curative

services offered by the Department of Health in the Philippines. The preventive services offered

for older adults include influenza vaccination and pneumococcal vaccination. Moreover,
COVID-19 vaccination, blood sugar monitoring, and blood pressure screening were also

provided to the same population group. Curative services, on the other hand, include free

hypertensive medication, and free diabetic medication.

As to preventive services, the table presents that utilization of COVID-19 vaccination

was ranked first as evidenced by 258 respondents or 86% who have utilized the service.

Influenza vaccination (with a frequency of 224 or 74.67%) and pneumococcal vaccination (with

a frequency of 193 or 64.33%) were the other preventive services utilized by the respondents and

ranked second and third respectively. As to curative services, the table further reveals that 123

respondents or 41% used free hypertensive medication services offered by the Department of

Health in the Philippines. Only 23 respondents or 7.67% availed the free diabetic medication.

According to Burke (2021), preventive and curative services are healthcare services

accessed by older adults. Immunizations and other screenings are classified as preventive

services. Clinical preventive services are important for everyone, especially for older adults. This

is because the risk for health problems increases as people age. By preventing problems, or

identifying them early, older adults are more likely to live a longer, healthier, and more

satisfying life (Rich, 2021). Flu, pneumococcal, and other vaccinations such as COVID-19

vaccination, are among the essential preventive services utilized by several older people aged 65

and above (Levine, 2021).

Moreover, Wheeler (2019) disclosed that older adults may require appropriate

medication, such as hypertensive medications, to maintain their current condition and to be

healthy. This commences with regular medical treatment such as doctor visits for consultations

and other treatments. Curative care is used to manage the symptoms or assist individuals to
recover from a disease, injury, or impairment. It can be delivered to a hospital or a healthcare

center.

Table 2
Respondents’ Healthcare Utilization in Terms of Preventive and Curative Services

Constructs Frequency Percentage Rank

Preventive Services
Influenza Vaccination 224 74.67 Second
Pneumococcal Vaccination 193 64.33 Third
Blood Sugar Monitoring 16 5.33 Fifth
COVID-19 Vaccination 258 86.00 First
Blood Pressure Screening 63 21.07 Fourth
Curative Services
Free Hypertensive Medication 123 41.00 First
Free Diabetic Medication 23 7.67 Second
Other Services 8 2.67 Third

Findings

The following were the findings of the study:

1. Majority of the respondents are females and college graduates.

2. COVID-19 vaccination is the most common preventive service that respondents utilized

while free hypertensive medication is the most common curative service that respondents

received.

3. The respondents have a good perceived health-related quality of life in terms of physical

domain, and a very good perceived health-related quality of life in terms of psycho-

emotional domain, social domain, and general well-being.

4. There is no significant difference in the perceived health-related quality of life among

older adults when grouped according to gender. However, there is a highly significant
 difference in the perceived health-related quality of life among older adults when grouped

according to educational level.

5. There is no significant difference in the perceived health-related quality of life among

older adults when grouped according to healthcare utilization.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are made:

1. The older adults in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental may utilize all the preventive

services provided by the Department of Health and minimize the frequency of curative

service utilization.

2. The City Health Office of Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental may provide all preventive

and curative services provided by the Department of Health to all older adults.

3. The Ozamiz City Barangay Health Workers may provide comprehensive information to

the older adults about the preventive and curative services available at the City Health

Office.

4. Future researchers may conduct a more in-depth study of the relationship between

healthcare utilization and health-related quality of life among older adults. Furthermore,

future researchers may use other variables that would affect the perceived health-related

quality of life.