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Physics Chapters 1-4

The document covers the first four chapters of a physics module focused on JEE preparation, detailing fundamental concepts such as vectors, Newton's laws, motion in one dimension and in a plane, and work, energy, and power. Key topics include force representation, free-body diagrams, equations of motion, projectile motion, and the work-energy theorem. Each chapter includes essential formulas and worked examples to aid understanding.

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17 views3 pages

Physics Chapters 1-4

The document covers the first four chapters of a physics module focused on JEE preparation, detailing fundamental concepts such as vectors, Newton's laws, motion in one dimension and in a plane, and work, energy, and power. Key topics include force representation, free-body diagrams, equations of motion, projectile motion, and the work-energy theorem. Each chapter includes essential formulas and worked examples to aid understanding.

Uploaded by

palkhadedhruv14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Physics Modules: Chapters 1-4

Comprehensive JEE-focused modules based on Bakliwal Tutorials and NCERT.

Chapter 1: Vectors and Newton’s Laws of Motion

In mechanics, force is a fundamental concept. A force is any interaction that changes an


object’s state of motion or shape. Forces are represented as vectors (quantities with both
magnitude and direction). The SI unit of force is the newton (N), defined such that 1 N = 1
kg·m/s². Forces add according to vector addition rules: the net force on a body is the vector
sum of all external forces acting on it.

Free-body diagrams (FBDs) isolate one object and show all external forces on it: weight mg
downward, normal reaction N upward, tension T along ropes, friction f opposite motion.

Key Terms:

 - Scalars vs Vectors
 - Unit vectors (i, j)
 - Free-body diagram
 - Inertia
 - Mass vs Weight

Fundamental Laws:

1. - Newton's 1st Law: A body remains in uniform motion unless acted upon by net force.
2. - Newton's 2nd Law: F_net = m * a.
3. - Newton's 3rd Law: For every action, equal and opposite reaction.

Worked Example

Example: Two masses m1=3kg (on table) and m2=2kg (hanging) connected by a rope over a
frictionless pulley.
1. Draw FBD for each mass.
2. m1: T = m1 * a
3. m2: m2 * g - T = m2 * a
Solve: a = (m2 * g) / (m1 + m2); T = m1 * a.
Chapter 2: Motion in One Dimension

Motion along a straight line is characterized by displacement x, velocity v=dx/dt, and


acceleration a=dv/dt.
For constant a:
- v = u + a*t
- s = u*t + 1/2*a*t^2
- v^2 = u^2 + 2*a*s

Average vs instantaneous velocity and acceleration defined via limits. Graphical analysis:
- x-t slope = v
- v-t slope = a, area under v-t = displacement

Tricks & Tips:

 - Split motion into segments when acceleration changes.


 - Use symmetry in projectile sub-parts.
 - Check units of each term in equations.

Chapter 3: Motion in a Plane

Extends 1D to vectors: use components Ax and Ay.


Projectile motion (neglect air resistance):
- u_x = u*cosθ, u_y = u*sinθ
- x = u_x * t
- y = u_y * t - 1/2*g*t^2
Range R = u^2*sin2θ/g; Max height H = u^2*sin^2θ/(2g).

Uniform circular motion: centripetal acceleration a_c = v^2/r toward center.

Mind-Map:

Motion in a Plane:
- Vector Basics: resolution, addition
- 2D Kinematics: component equations
- Projectile: trajectory, range, time of flight
- Circular Motion: centripetal force
Chapter 4: Work, Energy & Power

Work W = ∫F·ds; for constant F, W = F*s*cosϕ.


Kinetic Energy K = 1/2*m*v^2; Potential Energy U = m*g*h (gravity) or 1/2*k*x^2 (spring).
Work-Energy Theorem: W_net = ΔK.
Conservation: K+U=constant for conservative forces.
Power P = dW/dt = F*v.

Example: Block sliding from height h: v = sqrt(2*g*h).

Key Formulas:

 - W = F * s * cosϕ
 - K = 1/2 m v^2
 - U_gravity = m g h
 -P=Fv

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